HYDRAULICS AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING REFERSHER MODULE

SITUATION 1: A diverging tube discharges water from a reservoir at a depth of 10 m below the water
surface. The diameter of the tube gradually increases from 150 mm at the throat to 225 mm at the outlet
as shown in the figure.

1.

Neglecting friction, determine the maximum possible rate of discharge through this tube.
a. 0.775 m^3/s
b. 0.618
c. 0.557
d. 0.481

2.

Determine the corresponding pressure at the throat.

a. -618.04 kPa
b. -398.75
c. -188.15

d. -97.16

SITUATION 2: For the pump shown in the figure, the total friction head loss is 6 m. If the pump delivers
40 kW of power to the water,

3.
4.
5.

Determine the exit velocity of the water.

a. 32.7 m/s
b. 51.4

c. 66.8

d. 18.3

Determine the flow rate.

a. 48.1 L/s
b. 48.5

c. 69.6

d. 64.2

Benzene flows through a 100 mm pipe at a mean velocity of 3 m/s. Find the volume flow rate.
a. 1844 L/s
b. 1416
c. 1233
d. 1655

SITUATION 3: A 25 mm long smooth brass pipe 300 m long drains an open 1.2 m cylindrical tank which
contains oil having density = 950 kg/m^3 and dynamic viscosity of 0.03 N.s/m^2. The pipe discharges at
elevation 30 m. The liquid surface of oil is at elevation of 36 m.
6.
7.

Find Reynolds number for oil.

a. 88.4
b. 96.1

c. 112.7

d. 144.8

Determine the velocity of flow.

a. 0.1174 m/s
b. 0.1488

c. 0.1213

d. 0.1459

8.

Determine the time required in hours for the oil level to drop from elevation 36 to elevation 32.5
m.
a. 29.6 hours
b. 20.4
c. 22.9
d. 27.7

9.

These are the causes of minor losses EXCEPT:

a. Sudden contraction b. Bends
c. Valves

d. Changes in water flow

10. An orifice has a coefficient of discharge of 0.62 and a coefficient of contraction of 0.63. Find
the coefficient of velocity for the discharge.
a. 0.884
b. 0.984
c. 0.655
d. 0.800
11. This formula in pipes is most commonly used in waterworks.
a. Darcy-Weisbach
b. Manning
c.Hazen-Williams

d. Chezy

12. This refers to the overflowing stream in a weir.

a. Suppressed
b. Nappe
c. Head

d. Contracted

SITUATION 4: The head loss in 74 m of 150 mm diameter pipe is known to be 9 m when oil (s = 0.90) flows
at 0.057 m^3/s. Assume viscosity of oil is 0.0389 Pa.s
13. Determine the Reynolds number.
a. 11210
b. 13170

c. 15140

d. 19830

14. Determine the friction factor f.

a. 0.019
b. 0.034

c. 0.044

d. 0.078

15. Find the shear stress at the wall of pipe.

a. 39.91 N/m^2
b. 48.19

c. 56.23

d. 60.18

16. The area shown in the figure is composed of a square plus an equilateral triangular plot of side
10 km. The annual precipitations at the rain gauge stations located at the four corners and center
of the square plot and apex of the triangular plot are indicated in the figure. Find the mean
precipitation over the area using Thiessen polygon method.

a. 84.11 cm

b. 76.18

c. 70.59

d. 66.17

SITUATION 5: A 600 mm pipe connects two reservoir whose difference in water surface elevation 48 m. The
pipe is 3500 m long and has the following pipe fittings: 2 globe valves, 4 short radius elbows, 2 long
radius elbows, and one gate valve half open. The values of loss factors for pipe fittings are given (see
Gillesanias Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics).
17. Using the equivalent length method, assuming f = 0.015, calculate the actual length of the pipe.
a. 4483 m
b. 4064
c. 4199
d. 4318
18. Determine the head loss of the pipe.
a. 55 m
b. 51

c. 48

19. Calculate the flow of the entire pipe system.

a. 861 L/s
b. 918
c. 648

d. 40
d. 744

SITUATION 6: A rectangular irrigation canal 6 m wide contains water 1 m deep. It has a hydraulic slope of
0.001 and a roughness coefficient of 0.013.
20. Evaluate the mean velocity of the water in the canal in m/s.
a. 6.11 m/s
b. 2.01
c. 4.66

d. 1.99

21. Evaluate the discharge in the canal m^3/s.

a. 15.55 m^3/s
b. 18.34

d. 12.06

c. 14.15

22. What would be the depth of the canal in meters using the more economical proportions but adhering
to the same discharge and slope.
a. 1.89 m
b. 1.55
c. 1.67
d. 1.38
23. Water from a reservoir through a non-rigid 600 mm pipe with a velocity of 2.5 m/s is completely
stopped by a closure of a valve situated 200 m from the reservoir. Assume that the pressure
increases at a uniform rate and that there is no damping of the pressure wave. The pipe has a
thickness of 20 mm, bulk modulus of water is 2.2 x 10^9 Pa and modulus of elasticity of steel is
1.4 x 10^11 Pa. Compute the celerity of pressure wave.
a. 1885 m/s
b. 1544
c. 1618
d. 1223
24. Water flows through an orifice at the vertical side of a large tank under a constant head of 2.4
m. How far horizontally from the vena contracta will the jet strikes the ground 1.5 below the
orifice?

a. 3.88 m

b. 3.79 m

c. 3.45

d. 3.08

25. During a test on a 2.4 m suppressed weir 900 mm high, the head was maintained constant at 300 mm.
In 38 seconds, 28,800 liters of water were collected. What is the weir factor, Cw?
a. 1.044
b. 1.518
c. 1.891
d. 2.055
SITUATION 7: In the figure and the table shown, it is desired to pump 3,411,000 L/day of water from a
stream to a pool. If the combined pump and motor efficiency is 70% ,

26. Determine the total pumping head in meters.

a. 55.7
b. 69.8

c. 81.6

d. 101.9

27. Determine the power required by the pump.

a. 38.614 kW
b. 41.554

c. 56.212

d. 61.001

28. If the electricity is P 6.00 per kW-hr, and operating for 24 hr , assuming 1 month = 30 days,
compute the monthly power cost.
a. P 98,445.19
b. 112,273.15
c. 133,218.85
d. 166,812.48
SITUATION 8: Answer the following terms in Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering.
29. In precipitation , these consist of tiny liquid droplets, usually with diameters between 0.1 and
0.5 mm, with such slow settling rates that they occasionally appear to float.
a. Rain
b. Hail
c. Snow
d. Drizzle
30. These are the sections which the parameters of channel flow will give maximum discharge.
a. Normal Depth
c. Most Efficient Section
b. Critical Flow
d. Hydraulic Grade Line
31. The first S in MWSS stands for:
a. System
b. Sewerage

c. Stock

d. Society

SITUATION 9: Two pipes are connected in parallel between two reservoirs L1 = 2600 m, D1 = 1.3 m, C = 90 ;
L2 = 2400 m, D2 = 0.9 m, C = 100. For a difference in elevation of 3.8 m,
32. Determine the velocity in pipe 1.
a. 1.218 m/s
b. 1.318

c. 1.109

d. 1.213

33. Determine the velocity in pipe 2.

a. 1.020 m/s
b. 1.116

c. 1.307

d. 1.064

34. Determine the total flow of water.

a. 4.77 m/s
b. 3.64

c. 2.91

d. 2.12

SITUATION 10: In the venture meter shown in the figure, C = 0.957, the recorded flow in the meter is 1.5
L/s ,

35. Determine the theoretical discharge.

a. 0.001814 m^3/s
b. 0.001567

c. 0.00214

36. Calculate the difference in pressure heads in the venture meter.

a. 0.045 m
b. 0.068
c. 0.096

d. 0.001956
d. 0.111

37. Determine the deflection of water , h in the differential manometer connected between the inlet
and the throat?
a. 695 mm
b. 475
c. 554
d. 318
38. There are four commonly used methods for the base flow separation EXCEPT:
a. Sraight Line
b. Fixed base length c. Chows
d. Constant slope
SITUATION 11: A jet of water 250 mm in diameter impinges normally on a flat steel plate. If the discharge
is 0.491 cu m/s,
39. Find the force exerted by the jet on the stationary plate.
a. 6.33 kN
b. 4.91
c. 3.64

d. 2.79

40. If the flat plate is moving at 2 m/s in the same direction as that of the jet, find the force
exerted by the jet on the plate.
a. 3.142 kN
b. 2.216
c. 1.977
d. 1.425
41. If the flat plate is moving at 4 m/s in the same direction as that of the jet, find the work done
on the plate per second.
a. 7525 N.m/s
b. 8419
c. 7068
d. 6619
SITUATION 12: Reservoir B shown in the figure receives 0.06 m^3/s of flow.
42. Determine the flow in line AD.
a. 0.219 cu m/s
b. 0.203

c. 0.233

d. 0.173

43. Determine the flow in line DC.

a. 0.143 cu m/s
b. 0.113

c. 0.159

d. 0.173

44. Find the elevation of reservoir B.

a. 92.76 m
b. 90.07

c. 91.06

d. 89.09

SITUATION 13: Water flows from an upper reservoir to lower one while passing through a turbine as shown
in the figure.

45. Find the velocity of water.

a. 3.66 m/s
b. 3.06

c. 4.79

d. 5.19

46. Find the head loss due to friction.

a. 4.77 m
b. 3.18

c. 3.53

d. 3.87

47. Find the power generated by the turbine

a. 211 kW
b. 264

c. 313

d. 327

48. A sewage pipe carries:

a. storm water
b. potable water

c. fatal materials

d. sewage

49. A 20 cm diameter pipe length of 100 m with z = 60 m, f = 0.02 m and loss of head due to entrance
coefficient k = 0.5. What is the flow rate?
a. 11.48 m/s
b. 10.12
c. 15.55
d. 18.79
50. A discharge of 750 L/s flows through a pipe having diameter of 400 mm, 85 m long. Using HazenWilliams formula, compute the head loss.
a. 5 m
b.7
c. 13
d. 4