System Bus

The CPU sends various data values, instructions and information to all the
devices and components inside the computer.
If you look at the bottom of a motherboard, you'll see a whole network of
lines or electronic pathways that join the different components together.
This network of wires or electronic pathways is called the Bus'.
There are 3 Types of System Buses

1.Data Bus
A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a
computer to another is called Data Bus.
The size (width) of bus determines how much data can be transmitted at one
time.E.g.
A 16-bit bus can transmit 16 bits of data at a time.
32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits at a time.

2.address bus
Address Bus is a group of wires or lines that are used to transfer the
addresses of Memory or I/O devices
The size of address bus determines how many unique memory locations can
be addressed. E.g.: locations can be addressed. E.g.
A system with 4-bit address bus can address

24 = 16 Bytes of memory.
16

A system with 16-bit address bus can address

A system with 20-bit address bus can address

220 = 1 MB of memory.

= 64 KB of memory.

3. Control Bus.
The connections that carry control information between the CPU and other
devices within the computer is called Control Bus.
The control bus carries signals that report the status of various devices.
E.g. This bus is used to indicate whether the CPU is reading from memory or
writing to memory.

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Addressing Modes of 8085

To perform any operation, we have to give the corresponding instructions to
the microprocessor.
In each instruction, programmer has to specify 3 things:
Operation to be performed.
Address of source of data.
Address of destination of result
The method by which the address of source of data or the address of
destination of result is given in the instruction is called Addressing Modes.
Intel 8085 uses the following 5 addressing modes

1. Direct Addressing Mode

In this mode, the address of the operand is given in the instruction itself.
EXAMPLE
LDA 2500 H Load the contents of memory location 2500 H in accumulator.
LDA is the operation.
2500 H is the address of source.
Accumulator is the destination.

2.Register Addressing Mode

In this mode, the operand is in general purpose register.
EXAMPLE: MOV A, B Move the contents of register B to A.
MOV is the operation.
B is the source of data.
A is the destination.

3.Indirect Addressing Mode

In this mode, the address of operand is specified by a register pair. EXAMPLE
MOV A, M Move data from memory location specified by H-L pair to
accumulator.
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MOV is the operation.

M is the memory location specified by H-L register pair.
A is the destination.

4.Immediate Addressing Mode

In this mode, the operand is specified within the instruction
itself. EXAMPLE
MVI A, 05 H Move 05H in accumulator.
MVI is the operation.
05 H is the immediate data (source).
A is the destination

5.Implicit Addressing Mode

If address of source of data as well as address of destination of result is
fixed, then there is no need to give any operand along with the instruction.
EXAMPLE CMA Complement accumulator.
CMA is the operation.
A is the source.
A is the destination.

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