University of Management and Technology

School of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Course Outline, Spring 2017

Course codeEE423Course titlePower System Protection

Program

BS-EE

Credit Hours

Duration

One semester

Pre-requisite

Power System Fundamentals, Power System Analysis

Resource Person2

Resource Person2

Class Times
(Sec A and B)
Contact

Email: jameel.ahmad@um.edu.pk
Jameel Ahmad,
Counselling Hours (Jameel):
Assistant Professor
Mon 10-11am
Department of Electrical
Tuesday 10-12am
Engineering
Wednesday 10-11am
SEN UMT
Thursday 10-12am
Email: nauman.ahmad@um.edu.pk
Nauman Ahmad,
Counselling Hours (Nauman):
Assistant Professor
Mon 10-11am
Department of Electrical
Tuesday 10-12am
Engineering
Wednesday 10-11am
SEN UMT
Thursday 10-12am
Tue: 11:00 to 12:30 to 2pm
Thu: 11:00 to 12:30 to 2pm

(Room 501) SEN Building

Chairman/Director signature.
Deans signature Date.

Course Outline

Page 1

Recommended Text Books:

1. S. Horowitz & A. Phadke, "Power System Relaying," 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.2014
2. Fundamentals of power System Protection by Y.G. Paithankar and S. R. Bhide 2nd
edition 2013
Reference Books:
1. Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Fourth Edition 4th Edition
by J. Lewis Blackburn (Author), Thomas J. Domin (Author), CRC Press 2014
Overview of the course:
Power System Protection is the branch of power system concerned with the principles of
design and operation of equipment called Relays, which detects abnormal power system
conditions, and initiates corrective action as quickly as possible to return the power system
to its normal state. Reliability of electrical energy systems, to a large extent, is a consequence
of the reliability of it's protection system. Basic building blocks of the protection system are
fuses, over current and distance relays and differential protection schemes. In this course,
we will introduce their principles and applications to apparatus and system protection.
Technology of relaying has changed significantly in last century. The first generations of
relays were electromechanical devices. The second generation involved solid state relays. The
present generations of numerical relays are realized by digital signal processing. In this
course, we will also introduce both theory and practice of the numerical relays. The course
can be used as a first course in power system protection. It should be also useful to graduate
students, practicing engineers as well as the research community.
Learning Objective:
Students who complete this course will have gained a theoretical and applied understanding
of power system protection. The performance of instrument transformers, transducers,
protective relays, and circuit breakers is first addressed. These devices are then integrated
into coordinated protective systems for generators, transformers, transmission lines,
reactors, capacitor banks, system buses, etc. Although basic protection concepts are
hardware-independent, the application of electromagnetic, solid state, and microprocessorbased relays will also be discussed. Trade-offs between reliability, selectivity, speed,
simplicity, and economy are emphasized.
Learning Outcomes:
Having successfully completed the course, the student will be able to demonstrate knowledge
and understanding of:

Fundamental principles of fuse and over current protection and application to feeder
and motor protection.

Course Outline

Page 2

Fundamental principles of distance relaying and application to transmission system

protection.
Fundamental principles of differential protection and application to transformer, bus
bar and generator armature winding protection.
Role of Current and Voltage transformers in power system protection.
Relay co-ordination in transmission and distribution system.
Introduction to Numerical relaying. DSP fundamentals like aliasing, sampling
theorem, Discrete Fourier Transform and application to current and voltage phasor
estimation.
Numerical relaying algorithms for over current, distance and differential protection
with application to transmission system, transformer and bus bar protection.
Cognitive skills (thinking and analysis).
Students are allowed and encourage to make seminars on various topics in power system
protection schemes with comprehensive discussions. Having successfully completed the
course, student will be able to:
Appreciate the importance of protective relays in power systems.
Compare the operation of different types of protective schemes.
Derive equations related to the different protection methods.
Formulate relevant equivalent circuits of the protection schemes to analyze their
actual behavior.
Identify different types of protective relays and their applications.
Analyze simple problems related to protection schemes.
Choose among the different types of protection schemes to suit a given application
task.
Explain the operation and performance of different types of protective relays.
Apply engineering studies for different types of power system protection.
Interpret results and correlate them with theoretical predictions
Write a technical repots.
Teaching Methodology:
Lectures will be used to describe and develop the concepts stated above. Group tasks will be
given to enhance interactive learning. Industrial visits will be arranged to further strengthen
the basic concepts and to increase practical exposure.
Grade Evaluation Criteria
Following is the criteria for the distribution of marks to evaluate final grade in the semester.
Marks Evaluation
Marks in percentage
(Quizzes + Assignments)
25%
Mid Term
25%
Final exam
50%
Total
100%
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Course Outline

Page 3

Tentative Lecture Plan

Course code: EE423 Course title: Power System Protection
Lectures

03
04

Topics

Introduction to protective relaying

What is relaying? Power system structural considerations, power system bus
configurations, the nature of relaying, elements of a protection system

Textbook (TB) /
Reference
Readings(RB)
Ch # 01 of TB

Relay operating principles

Detection of faults, relay designs, electromechanical relays, solid-state relays, Ch # 02 of TB

computer relays, other relay design considerations
05

Current and Voltage Transformers

Steady state performance of current transformers, transient performance of
CT, special connections, linear coupler and electronic CTs, VTs, CCVTs,
transient performance, electronic voltage transformers

04

Non pilot overcurrent protection of transmission lines

Fuses, Sectionalizers, reclosers, inverse time delay overcurrent relays,
instantaneous overcurrent relays, directional overcurrent relays, polarizing
Mid Term Exam

04

Ch # 03 of TB

Chap # 04 of TB

Non pilot distance protection of transmission lines

Stepped distance protection, R-X diagram, three phase distance relays, distance Chap # 05 of TB
relay types, relay operation with zero voltages, polyphase relays, relays for
multi terminal lines, protection of parallel lines, effect of transmission line
compensation devices, loadability of relays
03

04

03

Pilot protection of transmission lines

Communication channels, tripping versus blocking, directional comparision Chap # 06 of TB

blocking, directional comparison unblocking, underreaching transfer trip,
permissive overreaching transfer trip, permissive underreaching transfer trip,
phase comparison relaying, current differential, pilot wire relaying, multi
terminal lines
Chap # 08 of TB
Transformer protection
Overcurrent protection, percentage differential protection, causes of false
differential currents, supervised differential relays, three phase transformer
protection, voltz per hertz protection, nonelectrical protection, protection
system for transformers

Rotating machinery protection

Chap # 07 of TB

Stator faults, rotor faults, unbalanced currents, overload, overspeed, abnormal

voltage and frequencies, loss of excitation, loss of synchronism, power plant
auxiliary system, winding connections, startup and motoring, inadvertent
energization, torsional vibration, sequential tripping
End Term Exam (Comprehensive)

Course Outline

Page 4