SME 1413, Termodinamik I, Tutorial 3

Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes

1. Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200oC, and 30 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa and 180 m/s. The
inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine (a) the mass flow rate through the nozzle, (b) the exit temperature of
the air, and (c) the exit area of the nozzle. (0.5304 kg/s, 184.6oC, 38.7 cm2).
2. Air at 600 kPa and 500K enters an adiabatic nozzle that has an inlet-to-exit area ratio of 2:1 with a velocity of
120 m/s and leaves with a velocity of 380 m/s. Determine (a) the exit temperature and (b) the exit pressure of the
air. (436.5 K, 330.8 kPa).
3. Steam enters a nozzle at 400oC and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 300oC and 200 kPa while
losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2, determine the velocity and the volume flow rate of the
steam at the nozzle exit. (606 m/s, 2.74 m3/s).
4. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10 MPa, 450 oC, and 80
m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s.
Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the turbine inlet area. ( 1.95 kJ/kg, 10.2
MW, 0.00447 m2).
5. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500oC at a rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. If the power
output of the turbine is 2.5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the turbine exit. Neglect kinetic energy
changes (60.1 oC).
6. Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at a rate of 0.5 kg/s and leaves at 600 kPa
and 450 K. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, determine (a) the volume flow rate of the carbon dioxide at the
compressor inlet and (b) the power input to the compressor. (0.28 m3/s, 68.8 kW).
7. Refrigerant-134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a pressure of 160 kPa. Determine the
temperature drop during this process and the final specific volume of the refrigerant (42.3 oC, 0.0344 m3/kg).
8. A well-insulated valve is used to throttle steam from 8 MPa and 500 oC to 6 MPa. Determine the final
temperature of the steam (490.1 oC).
9. A hot-water stream at 80 oC enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s where it is mixed a
stream of cold water at 20 oC. If it is desired that the mixture leave the chamber at 42 oC, determine the mass flow
rate of the cold-water stream. Assume all streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa. (0.865 kg/s).
10. Refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 90 oC is to be cooled to 1 MPa and 30 oC in a condenser by air. The air enters
at 100 kPa and 27 oC with a volume flow rate of 600 m3/min and leaves at 95 kPa and 60 oC. Determine the mass
flow rate of the refrigerant. (100 kg/min),
11. Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of 50oC with cooling water
from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 18 oC at a rate of 101 kg/s and leaves at 27 oC.
Determine the rate of condensation of the steam in the condenser. (1.60 kg/s).
12. An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. A valve is opened, and atmospheric air at 95 kPa and 17 oC
enters the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches 95 kPa, at which point the valve is closed. Determine the final
temperature of the air in the tank. Assume constant specific heats. (406 K).
13. A 2 m3 rigid tank initially contains air at 100 kPa and 22oC. The tank is connected to a supply line through a
valve. Air is flowing in the supply line at 600 kPa and 22 oC. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the
tank until the pressure in the tank reaches the line pressure, at which point the valve is closed. A thermometer
placed in the tank indicates that the air temperature at the final state is 77oC. Determine (a) the mass of air that has
entered the tank and (b) the amount of heat transfer. (9.58 kg, Qout = 339 kJ).
14. An insulated 0.08 m3 tank contains helium at 2 MPa and 80oC. A valve is now opened, allowing some helium
to escape. The valve is closed when one-half of the initial mass has escaped. Determine the final temperature and
pressure in the tank. (225 K, 637 kPa).