Preadvanced Japanese

Preadvanced
Japanese
JPN 399
Emiko Konomi, Ph.D.
Preadvanced Japanese
By Emiko Konomi, Ph.D.
Portland State University

PDX Open Textbooks
2014
2014 Portland State University

ISBN: 978-1-312-55450-4
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Published by Portland State University Library
Portland, OR 97207-1151
Cover design by Matt Eich
Before We Start
Q: What level does this textbook target?
This textbook is designed for students who have intermediate competency in Japanese,
roughly at Level 2 on the ILR (The Interagency Language Roundtable) proficiency scale,
and are working on reaching Level 3.
ILR Level 2 Limited working proficiency
able to satisfy routine social demands and limited work requirements

can handle with confidence most basic social situations including introductions
and casual conversations about current events, work, family, and autobiographical
information
can handle limited work requirements, needing help in handling any
complications or difficulties; can get the gist of most conversations on nontechnical subjects (i.e. topics which require no specialized knowledge), and has a
speaking vocabulary sufficient to respond simply with some circumlocutions
has an accent which, though often quite faulty, is intelligible
can usually handle elementary constructions quite accurately but does not have
thorough or confident control of the grammar.
ILR Level 3 Professional working proficiency
able to speak the language with sufficient structural accuracy and vocabulary to
participate effectively in most conversations on practical, social, and professional
topics
can discuss particular interests and special fields of competence with reasonable
ease
has comprehension which is quite complete for a normal rate of speech
has a general vocabulary which is broad enough that he or she rarely has to grope
for a word
has an accent which may be obviously foreign; has a good control of grammar;
and whose errors virtually never interfere with understanding and rarely disturb
the native speaker.
Q: How should this textbook be used?

This textbook can be used for self-study, as part of online course, and in a traditional
classroom setting. It is comprised of three chapters, intended to be covered in one term
of a quarter system.
Each chapter starts with , the Main Text, introducing the theme of the chapter and
presents , Our Opinions, expanding on the theme. Students can copy and
paste the entire text to one of the various online reading/annotation tools such as the
following:
http://dokkai.mit.edu/reading_student.cgi
http://www.polarcloud.com/rikaichan/
http://translate.weblio.jp/
These are useful tools. Its important to become proficient using them, for they will be
most likely part of our lifelong learning of Japanese.
Q: How do we learn vocabulary?

, Notes on Expressions, provide information on selected expressions and
grammar, but you will not find vocabulary lists in this textbook. This is because one list
does not serve everyone. The online reading sites listed above allow students to create
their own custom vocabulary lists with one click. The availability of these online tools
free students from the need to flip through paper dictionaries or to enter each item in
digital dictionaries. The time saved can be used to strengthen reading comprehension
skills.
Repetition is key to improving memory. This textbook is structured to ensure ample
repetitions of key words and expressions in both the texts and the audio.
Q: How do we practice speaking and listening?
Functional reading requires simultaneous processing of multiple elements of language.
Therefore, its critical that training in reading skills utilizes audio, which learners listen to
and repeat. If you are not already familiar with the sound, meaning, and conversational
use of the words and expressions used in the text, its likely that you are decoding rather
than reading. Ideally, sub-vocalization should happen when reading both foreign and
native language texts. Sub-vocalization helps with linguistic processing. The audio will
support your learning how to vocalize, which is the prerequisite for appropriate sub
vocalization.
In addition, as students participate in class discussions and other activities related to their
reading, vocalization skills will be reinforced, along with speaking and listening.
Remember that in our everyday life, reading is usually not an end in itself. After we read,
we engage in various activities: tell others about what we read, share our opinions and
debate the issues, make presentations, etc. All these activities require that you be able to
TALK about what you read.
Each chapter has Drills on expressions and grammar, Kanji Drills, and Listening
Exercises. These activities are to be performed using the accompanying audio. The
symbol indicates that there is an audio file for that section. The Main Texts, Our
Opinions, and all the Drills have audio files.
In addition, each chapter contains video files of natural and unscripted interviews with
native speakers on the theme. Viewing these videos, students can observe facial
expressions, gestures, mannerisms, tone of voice, shifts in speech styles, dialects, and
other communicative and cultural elements that are not typically presented in a textbook.
Q: How do we learn Kanji?
When we read, we recognize words and phrases and their readings, rather than individual
symbols. We process the sounds and comprehend the meaning. When we encounter an
unrecognized written word, we try to sound out and guess its meaning and reading. If
we focus on individual Kanji and their meaning in English, this may hinder leaning how
to read.
For this reason, we need to learn Kanji using meaningful words and phrases, their
readings, and their English meanings, instead of focusing on the original meaning of
individual kanji character in isolation. This is also critical in developing your scanning
skills, which is essential for functional reading.
You can make your own custom kanji /vocabulary lists using the online reading tools as
mentioned above. In this textbook, major kanji words and expressions from the main
texts are listed in Kanji Drills. The accompanying audio provides their correct readings.
There are pauses before and after the model reading. The recommended procedure for
these drills is to first try sounding out each word and test your memory during the first
pause, check the model reading with the audio, and then repeat the model yourself during
the second pause. Make sure you speak aloud.
Once you become comfortable reading the words, you are then ready to start writing.
This follows the pedagogical principle that a passive activity should precede a productive
activity. Production is easier when you have already established a solid visual memory.
To learn kanji stroke order, there are many excellent sites on the Internet. Find one that
works for you.
Q: What other activities can supplement this textbook?
Upon completing each chapter in the textbook, students are ready to engage in more
expanded linguistic activities and assignments utilizing what they have learned. These
activities include team debates, PowerPoint presentations, speeches, interviews,
videoconferences, emailing/texting, essay writing, online research, translations, blogs and
online review writing.
Suggested topics for these activities are listed at the end of each chapter as ,
Summary.
Created by Emiko Konomi 2014
~ `[

It may not be common to touch on all the topics below in a self-introduction, but
these are commonly asked items that pop up in any personal conversation. Its helpful to
prepare a solid script, both a formal and informal version, which you can fall back on at
any time. Style, order, and topics to include should be chosen as appropriate for the
particular situation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Opening remarks. You name, affiliations, and status.

Reasons why you are here
Birthplace, home, current residence
Educational background (elementary through college)
Work history
Family and childhood
Personality (what you think of yourself and how others describe you)
Hobbies and interests
Favorite words, blood type, zodiac sign
Future plans, dreams and aspirations
Closing

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1.
approximately
precedes a quantity expression
(counting classifiers; not naming classifiers)
4

:
2.
population approximately 60,000

approximately one week
most, best
: is more formal than
:
6
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one of the best places to live in America

?H9

hard, as hard as one can

b[dC)#"C
Im studying as hard as I can because I have a test.

H":A &
I begged him wholeheartedly but he didnt listen.
3.
)
"
4.
the other party, partner, opponent

H"

person to confide in, adviser, counselor
H"

marriage partner, spouse

)_t opposing sports team
5. %A$$ if I have to choose one way or another/ rather / if anything
%A$$@B)#%
Id prefer western food to Japanese food if I have to pick one.
'"

6.
7.
[qa*%A$$#
Im rather bad at sports.
X $
rather than X, its more like/not exactly X but rather .
$ can also occur by itself in a casual speech, indicating
that you are looking for a better expression.
A$)H

She is easygoingor rather, nonchalant.
,B"C light / frank / not worrying / not holding a grudge
,B1 light food, refreshing and not greasy food
/
' " ,B

Having taken a bath, I feel refreshed.

8.
X 'C
get really into X / become fanatic about X

zR' "C
Im into Yoga.
9.
X '*6C
10. P]S
elaborate names
fit in X, get hooked on X (colloquial)
){u1C$*6 ;6@
If you eat the ramen here once, youll be hooked.
fanatic / geek / nerd / freak
zRP]S Yoga fanatic
H
P]S health fanatic

)
11. nT'C post it on the blog (Transitive)

)
12. &7'
13. !#'

&&E
<
C get published, get posted, appear (Intransitive)

' "C Its in the newspaper.
by the way /just so you know (this may be off topic, but.)
incidentally /on the way to do X / while you do X
Vlg'&A!#'k " "
If you are going to a convenience store, get me some bread as well.
'!#'':
Im going to Japan anyway, so Im going to China as well.
14. .
If you fall seven times, get up eight.
4==
15.
recruiting, now taking applications

4==
MNd~[ waitress wanted

)?4==
seeking a girlfriend
_N`S
Answer the following questions in Japanese ORALLY. These questions are recorded on
the audio. Do not look at the script as you listen to the audio. The script is here to help
you only when you cannot comprehend the questions by listening alone.

1. )*D'
""C$6%"
6
2. [s[H*A)#?%"6

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17. DG:C!:B#
18. )*%H& #
19. &$F*#D*%#
20. #@DC#Ju|Q#*3$H%D&
)*%H&#
e|}
Listen to the audio. Respond to each cue, following the first two model exchanges.
A. *A#
#*#
*A#
#*#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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1.
2.
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4.
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1.
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4.
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2.
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5.

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1.
2.
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4.
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|[gT
Listen to the audio. Indicate whether or not each statement is in line with the main text
by marking O (r}: Correct) or X (ja Incorrect or Undeterminable). Explain in
English why you marked an item incorrect or undeterminable.
1. ______2. _____ 3. _____5,0000006,0000007,0000008,0000009,000000:,00000021,000000

e|}

Listen to the audio for the correct reading of each kanji. Try reading the Kanji yourself
during the first pause, listening to the correct reading, and then repeating after the model
during the second pause.
1.
major subject / college major
2.
international studies
3.
foreign exchange student / overseas student
4.
Waseda University
5.
plans / schedule / program
6.
dormitory
7.
persons home town
8. :
most / extremely
9.
public school
10.
trying very hard / with all ones might
11.
grandparents
12.
relative
13.
good relationship / get along well
14.

mutual / reciprocal
15.
adviser / confidant
16.
character / personality
17. C
bright / cheerful
18.
hobby / tastes / preference
19.
reading
20. '
especially / particularly
21.
Japanese literature
22.
author / writer / novelist
23.
family surname
24. C
take (a photo) / make (a film)
25.
photograph
26. C
place (on something) / load
27.
finding employment
28.
experience
29.
clerk
30.
store employee / salesperson
31.
tutor
32.
future (usually near) / prospects
33.
enterprise / corporation
34.
birthday
35.
Pisces (constellation)
36.
blood
37.
blood type
38.
respect / esteem
39. 0
fall down / fall over
40. . ups and downs in life / always rising after a fall

41.
sweetheart
42.
recruiting / taking applications
7H&)
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5.H
person who tries to please everybody, universal flirt
2.
B shy person
Adjective Root (Adj. without ) +C
~ person who specializes in X, who is characterized by X
.
B person who gets lonely easily

0 H <
moody person
- $ 7
3.
4.
BBGC shy around strangers

6< " get along well with people/on the job
6< " Get along with people.

6 The work went well.
=
5.
6.
7.
8.
=H"
Handle it well.
(col. = colloquial) &

egotistic, selfish / self-centered
i| (col.) person who is witty / fun and exciting
bYy (col.) energetic, hyped, excited
bYyC exciting / get excited / get psyched up
LUu (col.) cool or good-looking man

9.
G8sense what is going on in the situation

9& unable to sense what is going on
10.
X 'C
'

be resemble or look like X

'"C resembles my father
similar kanji
12

?H
11.
!
& do not understand jokes / cant take jokes

X C X is understood
C English is understood.
$+
& do not understand (someone)

& do not understand a topic / story

12.
X C
overly X
Verb Stem/Adj. Root /& noun + C
?9H
6
CC too meticulous / anal-retentive

13.
C
get stiff shoulders / too serious / too formal / cant relax

C talk that is too serious and formal

?
'"A& person I can be relaxed around
+
14.
X 'ADC tied to X / restricted by X

+
Ctie / bind
+
>
'AD"&&
Im tied up with my work and have no free time.

-?H
'C
A
15.
dark/ gloomy / depressed
H,?
16.
prone to worrying

;"
17.
18.
&
F66&
19.
&
sociable
selfish
8 'H
irresponsible
20.

7
21.
22.
be sensible / smart / tasteful

H
&short tempered
A&
slovenly / untidy / undisciplined
?9H
23.
24.
&
<BC
methodical / punctual / steady

have consideration / sympathy
D
25.
&
calm / composed
6 8
26.
&
front-facing / forward-looking / positive
H ?
27.
&
modest / humble
L]lw
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13
24
L]lw

2,

3,

4,

5,

6,

7,

8,

9,

:,

21,

22,

23,
24, C

25, &

26, )

14

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&

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%#

2,

3,

4,

5,

6

6 $9

A. Write your own self-introduction scripts, one for formal and another for casual
situations.
B. Describe personalities of well-known characters and discuss how their personalities
relate to their jobs and roles.

h`dA
$
16
3 21 4 20
4 21 5 21
5 22 6 21
6 22 7 23
7 24 8 23
8 24 9 23
9 24 10 23
10 24 11 22
11 23 12 22
12 23 1 20
1 21 2 19
2 20 3 20
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=

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2. or
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
or
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C or
or
;D
;D
9.
or
;&
10. "CA& or "CC

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1.
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(A witness, come across
(A take a taste, speak aloud

(A take possession of

2.
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internationalization
FF
3.
(global) warming
'
B'
unfamiliar, rarely heard

'
Verb Stem (the 5 form without 5) + BA

'
"
'
%,
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B familiar word
6
'
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F
4.
X % !#9$+' its not an exaggeration to say X
5.
X E(A under the assumption of X, assuming X
F#
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date to marry
6.

understand each other

Verb Stem +
do X mutually

+'

help each other, cooperate

talk together, discuss, negotiate
!=
7.
E# cross-border, trans-national
5A
8.
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entirety as it is, as a whole
=
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9.
universal, world-wide
=
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X X
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10. (A
be accessible
(! I got a windfall.
9*
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things that are hard to obtain
F "
11. zA
homogenize
F "
z homogeneous, uniformly
.:FF "
Everything is fixed at 100 yen.
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12. Rmpa]Hy
community-specific
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X X-specific, unique to X, inherent to X

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,
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14. ""A be in the process of changing

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15. E4 affect, influence

=

X ( E~A affect X
=
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Listen to the audio. Respond to each cue, following the first two model exchanges.

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*>5

;B' '*$ =!%

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C. 5 + ( 5
5 + ( 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5
5
5
/5
5

D. Qwyeu65
+ Qwyeu7*$+' %# 5
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1.
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3.
4.
5.
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1.
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1.
2.
recently
language
3.
4.
corporation
personnel
5.
6.
scene
exaggeration
7.
8.
nuance
expression
9.
10.
national border
understanding
11.
12.
13.
characteristic
region
cross culture
0

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
influence
cooperation
premise
information
technology
knowledge
role
development
spread
concurrent
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. A
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33.
34.
35. z
36.
37.
38.
39. |
40.
industry
commodity
competition
future
respect
share
correspond
offer
cut, reduce
English-speaking regions
diversity
homogenization
common lang.
emerging nation
developed nation
developing nation
infectious disease
41.
42.
global warming
environment
43.
medical care
1
2
44.
45.
46.
47. A
48.
49.
50. 'A
wages
human rights
build
cross over
lose
severe
differ
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the outside world
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A. Summarize the difference between Internationalization and Globalization as
discussed in the main text.
B. How does globalization affect different countries and communities?
C. Discuss pros and cons of globalization, and state your opinion as to in what
direction the world should head and why.
|WYIu

How would the main text look in a different writing style? The fifth paragraph from the
main text, for example, can be rewritten in a more expository style at an advanced level.
Compare the two.
13


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1. Describe how this advanced level text is generally different from the main text.
2. List pairs of equivalent expressions from this version and the main text.

A. Circle the MOST appropriate item for each blank and translate the entire sentence.
(30)
1. ]WÂ*$# A 9
z
2. '*$ +(' @
3. iwQ($
A
A A A
4. ( 5=
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E. Based on the written material, answer the questions in English. (20)

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1. What is her major? (2)
2. What specific things does she study? (6)
3. She is applying for a position as cultural ambassador to work in developing countries.
How does she explain her qualifications for the position? List all. (12)
F. Listen to the audio and translate each response into English. (30)
IxYyb[^*+
1.
2.
3.
4.
16

5.
6.
G. Writer in Japanese. (20)
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At this nuclear plant, there have been almost five accidents.
; 4F&F
2.
ox
tens of thousands of people

; &F
x dozens of people (between 20 to 90 people)
; &F
over ten (less than 20) people

)x&*t A
I met that person several times.

A few days later

F%F
3.
difficult / hard
F%F
X hard to do X ( X is usually a two-Kanji word)

F%F9
X person who has difficulty doing X

F%F9
people unable to return home (after earthquake,

etc.)
F,
4.
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abbreviation of
F@=
nuclear power
"F
"F=
F,
generating electricity
power station
abandoning nuclear power generation

-%F
5.
AE% have no choice but to evacuate

lATo make this negative form of the classical Japanese,
replace nai with zaru of the informal negative form of verbs
( except for A).
-ru verbs:
1A
-u verbs:
4A

A
ANOT A
AADA
See no evil, hear no evil, and speak no evil
irregular verbs:
lAE%have no choice but to do X

/
6.
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#&
along with recovery

lX ##8& together with X/simultaneously as X happens
#+
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Im studying the culture along with the language.
lIf X is a verb or an adjective, it must be in the non-past form.

F
t A##8&*B
Along with the accident occurring, the area got polluted.
F
7.
!A be piled up
#
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zt !AThere is a pile of work.

F

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F
8.
E& because of the earthquake / the earthquake as the catalyst
9.
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a trigger to do something
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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by marking O (bh: Correct) or X ([U Incorrect or Undeterminable). Explain in

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1.
eastern Japan
2.
western Japan
3.
earthquake
4.
tsunami / tidal wave
5.
huge / gigantic
6.
to attack/to assail
7. wA
to pass away
8. o
hundreds of thousands of
9. A
to be a victim of [some disaster] or to suffer from
10.
the capital city [often Tokyo]
11.
returning home
12.
difficulty / distress
13.
travelers who have difficulty returning home

[esp. after an earthquake]
14.
Fukushima
15.
serious
16.
nuclear power plant / nuclear power supply
17. t
nuclear power plant incident
18.
region
19.
radiation
20.
contamination / pollution
21.
citizens / residents
22.
taking refuge / finding shelter / evacuation
23.
post-quake / after the earthquake
24.
restoration / rehabilitation
25.
revival / reconstruction
26. &
together
27.
processing / dealing with
28.
political measures / policy
29.
disaster prevention
30. A
lying in piles / forming piles
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unforgettable, staying in ones heart
6
2.
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damn cold (coll.)

4
humorless / too serious

3.
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determined to do or diewith greatest determination
11
4.
Dont take X lightly / Dont underestimate X / Dont mess with me

%7A underestimate, make light of
%7F%>
The verb endings of A and ? become F in casual speech.

DF) So, do you understand?
DF% dont understand
4F% boring
;
5.
largest
;
r worlds largest
4
6.
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7.
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glance sideways and ignore / not get involved/ indifferent
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8.
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odds and ends

9.
*
E0
visit / go to visit

10. rn
worlds best
&3F
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GdgJn)^TV`mhSmc
the best football team in America
amVfkWniQVfk
the best restaurant in Portland

<
11. EA
give up a seat for someone

<
A give away/ compromise/ pass on

= F +
12.
Try extra hard! (Coll.)

very X
extremely delicious
=
=
F=
13.
foreign aid super power

big power

economic power/ economic giant

7/
)
14. E@4May the deceased rest in peace.

15.
F"p4I extend my sincere sympathy.

F" respectfully / humbly

5
token of sympathy / visit to express sympathy
12

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B. Describe what happened in Japan on March 11, 2011, including the earthquake, tsunami,
Fukushima nuclear plant incident, radiation contamination, evacuation, and impact on the
capital city area and the entire country.
C.

$

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(

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13
4 #7
A.
B.
Tweet a heart-warming incident you witnessed.

Describe your own life-changing experience.
In this section, we will practice making PowerPoint presentations including charts and
graphs. Study the narratives below that accompany the charts. Following these examples,
write a narrative for a chart/graph to present. You need to use the speech styles
appropriate for orally presenting in the particular setting.
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2.
keep (pets: animals, fish, birds, insects)

*
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K&
K&
3.
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* is a negative ending for verbs in classical Japanese that is the
equivalent of (
4.
)( almost never, rarelyNegative
5.
6.
JIF run into

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Verb ( Past) E no change after X happened,
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?
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He promised all right but thats it; he wouldnt do anything.

I ate breakfast, but thats it; I havent eaten anything all day.
H K
E,~ bedridden elderly

5KB
7.
8.
%F,& as if he is a hard worker

X ,&(expository)X ,C ) as if X
~%F,&
He speaks as if he is a Japanese person.
:F
start to read (unfinished)
V-stem +F
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:,Vsgs unfinished coffee
lspJ
I started writing an email, but erased it.
9.
X ,)
,lsp composed but unfinished email

in spite of X, although X
implying denunciation (so be careful!)
'=,)~,C (JF
Although she is a child, she talks like an adult.
G) G&I(
Although he is happy, he wouldn't say it.
F&")(
Although she said she would do it, she doesnt.
10.
X &9GF born to be X, born as X

& is a formal equivalent of ). Thus, X &(FX &F
are formal equivalents of X )(F and X )F
11.
X )F
X is the best, nothing is like X, nothing beats X

-hsp)E9+
In a hot day, beer is the best.

F(D})F
If you travel, no place is like Kyoto.
12.
X )IF& If you let X speak, X would say, According to X,

A <
,- '~)IF&9
Sushi here is famous, but Japanese people would say its terrible.
3#
K(j_p-<D )IF&
They say this kind of hotel is extraordinary but I would say its just
average.
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you only when you cannot comprehend the questions through listening alone.
1. ,,- G%
2. , G,-DD%
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aop

1.
I / me / we [nuance of arrogance]
2.
cat
3.
to raise / to feed
4.
opinion / point of view
5.
satirical
6.
to draw or paint / to depict or describe
7.
Natsume Souseki
8.
virgin / something original or first
9.
original novel / virgin novel / first novel
10.
F
to publish / issue / announce
11.
estimate / guess
12.
thoughtlessly / recklessly
13.
occupation / business
14.
all day / for a whole day
15.
a study / library
16.
said person / the one concerned
17.
actually / practically
18.
industry / diligence
19.
stomach
20.
skin
21.
light/pale yellow color
22.
1F
to carry / to don /to wear [a sword or decoration]
23.
elasticity / flexibility
24.
vigor / active/ lively
25.
sign / indication / omen
26.
big meal / hearty meal
27.
books
28.
E
to repeat / to do something over
29.
daily routine / daily work
30.
9F
to be fit for / to be equal to
31.
F
32.
complaint / dissatisfaction
33.
D
to ring / sound chime
counter for times, every time he/she comes
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-"8 1K
1. ~
"8
everybodys friend, universal flirt
2. JF
wag a tail/ flatter

"8
J turn tail/ admit defeat

J#; uncover evidence

3. <$F
cynical, skeptical, not fooled

:
< cynical viewpoint, cynicism

<JF look at things cynically and critically

4. 1F
flatter, fawn upon, pander
10
9?"${- ~)1F-(
You need to get along with people, but need not to fawn upon them.

=,
4
1F-w)
v)
Those who fawn upon their superiors will domineer over their
inferiors.
?
5.
heal, soothe
?
GF be comforted
?
6. 9F%

a type (of person) who makes you feel relaxed and

comforted
almost as if (often with : or C )
9F%:(~ a person almost like a cat
9F%~,C )>5FHe speaks almost as if he was
a Japanese person.
B
7.
declining birth rate

G
G>
aging aging society

B G
decreasing birthrate and aging of population

<I
8.
(good)annoyance
well-intended but inconsiderate and unwanted favor
9. X ,)(F
put your self in Xs place

>9
,)("$WshYJ
F
I think about service, putting myself in the customers shoes.
K1
10.
thousands of (animal)
0
~ Classifier for counting animals

Sound changes (similar to Classifier )
2 for 1, 6, (8) , 10
(K1
1 for 3 and
K
11.
prohibition, ban
!@ >K
K
No Parking !ENo Trespassing/ Keep out

12. 6"D)F neglect
K
13.
sharp decrease
X extreme(ly) X

'
#
&#
sharp increase rage acute pain crash

D
extremely spicy
14. (K&(& unless you do something
&
&
15. E,#({)(F

it will become a fatal blunder, something that cannot be undone
11

A.
Circle the MOST appropriate item for each blank and translate the entire sentence.
1.
OcpRsJFJ(
IF
IE
2.
J(G.D(
3.
-,
yt t =
4.
,&$F
5.
i]`
6.
)E$(
F "$ " E
7.
% K.G
t *
8.
%-E?)J
H C 7
9.
)v9
F
%
DLfs`%-(
(
%F

GF G

10. -,=,
11. )$

" "$F
14. )~=$
( D D(
15. -F
12. J)C

GJD
13. -$$=9F({

&
12
B. Based on the written material, answer the questions in English.

~,(%$DGE6"D)GEFi]`
%=uF&IG9y%-,,%
$F,C )! (K&(G.(D(-$
F
1. Translate the underlined.
2. Give two specific examples of what is referred to.
C. Listen to the audio and translate each response into English.
G'K(
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D. Writer in Japanese.
Describe your personality from your pets point of view. If you dont have a pet, make up
a fictional pet.
9 &<
A. Write a satirical or humorous essay about yourself from your pets point of view.
B. Describe an incident from the viewpoints of the different parties involved.
13

Humor doesnt translate well, especially when it is based on a slip of the tongue. See if
you get the humor in the following.
% *K2ONh`%

KMb

99:j16B4AEEkh?:1E96
|,:<:HE;cD>%
"
B!9:q9:K#<dHR).6*
4A6C?B"[Y[Y[Y#<'6

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"(E'hBi2I>%5#<o&</PR
"(E'AiBh2I>%5#<o9:1E96

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pA"(O*JL>+I7O*JN#<%&g*
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"(O*JL>+I7O)JN#?>9:%6/AfxAB

vxaA;"=8L0E;3)#<+6)96A7P&*
"d;3)#<%:%6

ym*{Q9:_]ZA}R?%:F6
"s;3)#<o96L
"%JE7~lyJ@S#79:(%(%

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Emiko Konomi, Ph.D.

Portland State University

2014 Portland State University

able to satisfy routine social demands and limited work requirements

Q: How should this textbook be used?

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

Opening remarks. You name, affiliations, and status.

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

A $ )H $@FD6

population approximately 60,000

hard, as hard as one can

the other party, partner, opponent

person to confide in, adviser, counselor

marriage partner, spouse

' " ,B

get really into X / become fanatic about X

P]S health fanatic

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

11. nT'C post it on the blog (Transitive)

C get published, get posted, appear (Intransitive)

If you fall seven times, get up eight.

recruiting, now taking applications

MNd~[ waitress wanted

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

major subject / college major

foreign exchange student / overseas student

plans / schedule / program

persons home town

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

trying very hard / with all ones might

good relationship / get along well

hobby / tastes / preference

author / writer / novelist

take (a photo) / make (a film)

place (on something) / load

store employee / salesperson

future (usually near) / prospects

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

fall down / fall over

40. . ups and downs in life / always rising after a fall

recruiting / taking applications

)*F 66$ # D+

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

C)*# " &#)

person who tries to please everybody, universal flirt

 B person who gets lonely easily

BBGC shy around strangers

(col. = colloquial) &

G8sense what is going on in the situation

be resemble or look like X

Created by Emiko Konomi 2014

& do not understand jokes / cant take jokes

& do not understand (someone)

C C too meticulous / anal-retentive

get stiff shoulders / too serious / too formal / cant relax

C talk that is too serious and formal

'" A& person I can be relaxed around

X 'ADC tied to X / restricted by X

dark/ gloomy / depressed

be sensible / smart / tasteful

methodical / punctual / steady

A$)H $@FD6

' " ,B

11. nT'C post it on the blog (Transitive)

)*F66$# D+

C)*#" &#)

B person who gets lonely easily

BBGC shy around strangers

& do not understand jokes / cant take jokes

& do not understand (someone)

CC too meticulous / anal-retentive

'"A& person I can be relaxed around

%#'(!$!#$ &%% # (,

&7'*nT' ""CG "

*%A$$'"'H+C@B

5, %$$ %$.%# &% !#$%+$(#% ("&$% $

|^

+5%Qwyeu* E! @'

Verb Stem (the 5 form without 5) + BA

6B a town which one is used to living in

X E(A under the assumption of X, assuming X

14. ""A be in the process of changing

D@""A Its changing.

""A Its increasing.

15. E4 affect, influence

X ( EA get affected by X

%&!% '

5. IT ( %!# 5

14. rN( 5

2 oxxalmost 20,000 people

)"*8 vt !A

AE% have no choice but to evacuate

lAE%have no choice but to do X

zt !AThere is a pile of work.

E& because of the earthquake / the earthquake as the catalyst

10. |)&*$F% @4

15. %)F"A*:&DBt @4

humorless / too serious