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Distribution:
Army: To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-WE, Block 0728,requirements for TM 5-809-1.
Air Force: F
TECHNICAL MANUAL
NO.5-809-1
AIR FORCE MANUAL
No.88.3. Chapter 1
GENERAL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
.
Purpose
Scope
References
Basis for Design
Classificationof Structures
Application of Design Load Criteria
Metal Building Systems
Building Categories for Wind and Snow Loads
Wind. Snow. and Frost Depth Data
Design Examples
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1..6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.7.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1..9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
CHAPTER2
COMBINATION OF LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2..1 . .
General
Combined Loads for Class A (Bridge-type Structures)
Combined Loads for Class B IBuildina-Woe Structures)
and Class C (Special Structures)
Load Reduction (Rescinded)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2..2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
...
CHAPTER 3
DEAD LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.1
General
Supplementary Design Dead Loads
CHAPTER 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
L M LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
..
General
Supplementary Design Live Loads
CHAPTER 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
WIND LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2.
General
Supplementary Requirements
CHAPTER 6
SNOW LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
..
General
Definitions
Supplementary Requirements
Rain.on-Snow Loads
CHAPTER 7
OTHER LOADS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7..2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.4.
Earthquake Loads
Foundation Loads and Earth Pressures
Fluid Pressures and Forces
ThermalForces
Friction Forces
Shrinkage
Relaxation of Initial Forces
Blast Loading
Nuclear Weapon Effects
Sway Load on Spectator Siands
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7..5.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7..6.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.-8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7..9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Change 1
TM 5-809-IIAFMAN88.3. Chap 1
CHAPTER 7
OTHER LOADS
Paragraph
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11
..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7..12.
CHAPTER 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6..4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 5
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDK
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
.............................................
....................
.................
........................................
..........................
................................
...............................
...............................
REFERENCES
WIND SNOW AND FROST DATAFORTHE UNITED STATES
WIND. SNOW AND FROST DATA OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES
FROST PENETRATION
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR LOAD COMBINATIONS
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR LIVE LOADS
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR WIND LOADS
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SNOW LOADS
LIST OF FIGURES
.
Figure 5 1
61
81
Dl
E.1
F.1
F2
.
F.3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
G.2
.
G.3 .
0.4 .
G.5 .
G b.
G.7 .
G.8.
G.9 .
H.1 .
H.2 .
H.3
H4
.
.
.
.
.
Table 3-1
3-2
4-1
4.2
.
.
...............................
.................
.................................
...............................
.......................
...........................
...........................
.
.
.
.......................
.
......................................
.
................................
.
.
.
.
.
.................
.................
............................
.......................
...........................
...........................
LIST OF TABLES
Unit Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Dead Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Uniform Live Load Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Uniform Live Loads for Storage Warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A-I
51
GI
Dl
E-1
F-1
Gl
H.1
CHAPTER 2
COMBINATION OF LOADS
2-1. General
The following criteria stipulate combinationsof loads to be
considered in the design of structures and foundations.
Combined loads produce the most unfavorable effect on
foundations, structural members, and connections. Accordingly the designer will select the appropriate combined loads that create the most unfavorable affect when
one or more of the contributing loads are present.
Change 1
2-1
ARMY TM 5-809-1
AIR FORCE AFM 88-3, CHAP. 1
TECHNICAL MANUAL
REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTlONS
Thismanual has been prepared by or for the Government and is public property
and not subject to copyright.
Reprints or republications of this manual should include a credit substantially
as follows: 'Joint Departments of the Army and Air Force, TM 5-809-1IAFM
88-3, Chapter 1, Structural Design Criteria - Loads, 20 May 1992."
* TM 5-809-IIAFM 88.3.
HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY
AND THE AIR FORCE
WushBtglor~.DC
20 May 1992
TECHNICAL MANUAL
No.5-809-1
AIR FORCE MANUAL
No. 88.3, Chapter 1
,.
GENERAL
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1..1 .
Scope
1-2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.
Basis for Design
1.4
Classification of Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Application of Design Load Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6
Metal Building Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7
Building Categoriesfor Wind and Snow Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8
Wind. Snow. and Frost Depth Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
..9
Design Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.10
.
...............................................
.........................................
CHAPTER 2
COMBINATION OF LOADS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined Loads for Class A (Bridge-type Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined Loads for Class B (Buildins-tv~e
... Structures)
and class c (special structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 3.
.2.1. .
.2.2
2.3
. 2.4
DEAD LOADS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplementary Design Dead Loads . . . . . .
CHAPTER 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
.
LIVE LOADS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supplementary Design Live Loads
CHAPTER 5.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4..1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2
WIND LOADS
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1.
Supplementary Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
.
CHAPTER 6
SNOW LOADS
.
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
.
Supplementary Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3
.
Rain-on-Snow Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
..
CHAPTER 7 .
OTHER LOADS
Earthquake Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.1.
Foundation Loads and Earth Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.2.
Fluid Pressures and Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3
..
..
Thermal Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4
Friction Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5
.
Shrinkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6
.
Relaxation of Initial Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
.
Blast Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
..
Nuclear Weapon Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.9. .
.
Sway Load on Spectator Stands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.10
APPROVED FOR PUBIJC REI.&ASI< I)ISTRII%IITIONI S I!NI.IMII'III)
92 - 1
Chap 1
CHAPTER 7
OTHER LOADS
Impact Due to Berthing
Vibrations. . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1
. 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.12
.
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
...
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 5.1
6.1
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1.
3-2.
41
4-2
.
.
Unit Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Dead Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Uniform Live Load Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Uniform Live Loads for Storage Warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
1-1. Purpose
This manual provides the structural criteria for loads to bc
used in the design and construction of buildings and other
structures for the Army and the Air Force.
1-2. Scope
Load criteria presented in this manual apply to designs for
new military construction and for modifications of existing
buildings and other structures for the Army and the Air
Force. Engineering judgment must be used in calculating
design loads. The dead loads specified herein are for
guidance only. The designer must detcrmine and allow for
the actual dead loads in the structure. The live, wind, and
snow loadings specified herein are minimums. The designer should determine if special loadings must be
considered.
1-3. References
CHAPTER 3
DEAD LOADS
3-1. General
Except as modified herein, the criteria for dead loads will
be as specified in ASCE 7.
see mfr.
2
'
This table supplements the dead loads tabulated in ASCE 7. For reinforced hollow masonry unit construction, thc dead
loadings should be based on the weights given in TM 5-809-3lAFM 88-3, Chapter 3.
For masonry construction, add 5 psi for each face plastered.
CHAPTER 4
LIVE LOADS
4-1. General
Except as modified herein, the criteria for live loads will
be as specified in ASCE 7.
--
20
U s e actual concentrated
linear load
c. Concentrated Live Loads. The following concentrated loads must be considered in addition to the dead
loads:
(I) Accessible, open-web steel joists supporting
roofs over manufacturing, commercial storage and
warehousing, and commercial garage floors will be
designed to support the uniformly distributed live load
prescribed in ASCE 7 in addition to a concentrated live
load of 800 pounds. For all other occupancies, a load
of 200 pounds will be used instead of 800 pounds. The
concentrated live load will be placed at any singlc
panel point on the bottom chord, and will be located so
as to produce the maximum stress in the member.
(2) As a clarification of the ASCE 7 requirements,
accessible roof trusscs or othcr primary roof-supporting
members will be dcsigncd to support the concentratcd livc
load prescribed in ASCE 7 in addition to the dead load
and the uniformly distributcd roof livc load.
(3) Members such as floor decking, roof deckingand
rafters will be designed to support the uniformly distributcd live loads prcscribcd in ASCE 7 or a concentrated
live load of 200 pounds, whichcvcr produces the greater
stress. The concentrated livc load will be assumed to be
uniformly distributed over a 12- by U-inch square areaand
will be located so as to produce the maximum stress in the
member.
(4) Boiler rooms will be designed to support the
uniformly distributcd livc loads prescribed in ASCE 7
or a 3000 pound conccntrated livc load, whichever
produccs the greater strcss. Thc concentrated live
load will be applied over an area of 2.5 feet square
(6.25 s q ft) (in arcas outside the limits of the
boilers) and will be located so as to produce the
maximum stress.
d. Impact Loads on Escalalors. Escalator live loads
will be increased by 15 percent for impact.
Occupancy or Use
Live
Load
(psfl
Bag storage
Barber shop
Battery charging room
Car wash rooms
Canteens, general area
Canteens, general area
Catwalks, Marine
Chapels:
Aisles, corridors, and lobbie
Balconies
Fixed seats
Offices and miscellaneous rooms
Day rooms
Drawing
Drum fillings
Drum washing
File rooms (drawing files)
Galleys:
Dishwashing rooms (mechanical)
Provision storage (not refrigerated)
Galley Preparation room:
Meat
Vegetable
Garbage storage rooms
Generator room
Guard house
Hangars
Latrines
Linen storage
Lobbies, vestibules and large waiting rooms
Locker rooms
Lounges, day rooms, small recreation areas
Mechanical equipment rooms (general)
Mechanical room (air conditioning)
Mechanical telephone and radio equipment rooms
Mess halls
Post offices:
General area
Work rooms
Power plants
Promenade roof
Pump houses
Rcreation rooms
4-2
75
See ~ootnote'
75
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
Table 4-1. Minimum Uniform Live Load ~ e ~ u i r e m e n t s (continued)
'
Live
Load
fpsfl
Live
Occupancy or Use (Cont'd)
Load
(PS~)
Subsistence buildings
Torpedo (one story)
Tailor shop
Telephone exchange rooms at locations
subject to earth tremors, gunnery
practice or other conditions causing unusual
vibrations
Terminal equipment buildings (all areas other
than stairs, toilets, and washrooms)
he designer must determine the wheel loads of aircraft and impact factors.
150
Height
of Pile
Ifl)
Weigltl per
Sq. FI.
Floor
(lb)
04
Building materials:
Asbestos
Bricks, building
Bricks, fire clay
Cement, portland
Gypsum
Lime and plaster
Tiles
Woods, bulk
50
45
75
72 to 105
50
53
50
45
300
270
450
432 to 630
300
265
300
270
33
198
31
45
52
36
45
70
48
38
50
62
102
226
312
216
180
350
288
228
300
167
88
53
60
35
55
174
86
132
294
100
210
330
610
408
495
43
30
33
30
40
28
12
23
25
22
258
180
264
240
320
224
96
184
200
152
Table 4-2. Minimum Uniform Live Loads for Storage warehouses1 (continued)
Material (Cont'd)
Hemp, Italian, compressed
Hemp, Manila, compressed
Jute, compressed
Linen damask, in cases
Linen goods, in cases
Linen towels, in cases
Silk and silk goods
Sisal, compressed
Tow, compressed
Wool, in bales, compressed
Wool, in bales, not
compressed
Wool, worsteds, in cases
Weightper
Cubic Foot
of Space
(lb)
Height
of Pile
-.
(ft)
.
-
Weight per
Sq. FI.
Floor
fib)
i~f
176
240
328
250
240
240
360
168
232
104
216
Beans, in bags
Beverages
Canned goods, in cases
Cereals
Cocoa
Coffee, roasted, in bags
Coffee, green, in bags
Dates, in cases
Figs, in cases
Flour, in barrels
Fruits, fresh
Meat and meat products
Milk, condensed
Molasses, in barrels
Rice, in bags
Sal soda, in barrels
Salt, in bags
Soap powder, in cases
Starch, in barrels
Sugar, in barrel
Sugar, in cases
Tea, in chests
Wines and liquors,
in barrels
320
320
348
360
280
264
312
330
370
200
280
270
300
240
348
230
350
304
150
215
306
200
228
Hardware:
Automobile parts
Chain
Cutlery
Door checks
320
600
360
270
Material lcont'd)
Weight per
Qtbic Foot
of Space
(lb)
Height
of Pile
(fi)
(continued)
Weight per
Sq. Ft.
Floor
Vb)
CHAPTER 5
WlND LOADS
5-1. General
Except as modified herein, the criteria for wind loads will
be as specified in ASCE 7.
f /L=0.20
FORCE COEFFICIENTS, C f
FOR ARCHED ROOFS ON OPEN SHEDS
Q
,'
90"
WIND
(loO*
WIND
F :
FORCE COEFFICIENTS. C f
FOR GABLE ROOFS ON OPEN SHEDS
CHAPTER 7
OTHER LOADS
7-1. Earthquake loads
Criteria for dcveloping earthquake loads for buildings and
other structures are presented in TM 5-809-10lAFM 88-3,
Chap. 13, and TM 5-809-10-11AFM 88-3, Chap. 13, Sec. A.
Standards for determining foundation loads, earth pressures, and foundation displacement and settlement are
contained in TM 5-818-11AFM 88-3, Chap. 7; NAVFAC
DM-7.01 and NAVFAC DM-7.02.
7-6. Shrinkage
Investigate arches, liuted-fied spans, indeterminatc and
similar structures for strcsses induced by shrinkage and rib
shortening.
7-12. Vibrations
Vibrations are induced in structures by reciprocating and
rotating equipment, rapid application and subsequent
rcmoval of a load, or by other means. Vibrations take place
in flexural, extensional, or torsional modes, or any combination of the three.
TM 5-809-1IAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
CHAPTER 8
LOADS FOR SPECIAL STRUCTURES
8-1. Crane runways trackage, and supports
Loadcriteriaforcranc runway>, racka age, andsupports arc
discussed in ANSI MH 27.1, ASMF: R30.2, ASME B30.11,
ASME B30.17, and Crane Manufacturers Association of
America (CMAA) No. 70 and No. 74.
(eq 8-1)
LOADING
DISTRICT
OF ICE
tm.1
HEAVY
MEDIUM
LIGHT
NONE
Figure 8-1. Ice load on antenna support and transmission line structures.
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
Government Publications
Depariment of Defense
MIL-HDBK-100213
Steel Structures
Piers and Wharves
Seawalls, Bulkheads, and Quaywalls
General Criteria for Waterfront Construction
TM 5-809-31
AFM 88-3, Chap. 3
TM 5-809-101
AFM 88-3, Chap. 13
TM 5-809-10-11
AFM 88-3, Chap.13, Sec.A
TM 5-818-11
AFM 88-3, Chap. 7
TM 5-858 Series
TM 5-13001
AFM 88-22
NAVFAC DM-7.01
Soil Mechanics
NAVFAC DM-7.02
NAVFAC DM-25.05
NAVFAC DM-38.01
Weight-Handling Equipment
of Accidental Explosions
American Concrete Institute (ACI), Box 19150, Redford Station, Detroit, Michigan 48219
ACI 318-89
American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC), 333 West Hampton, Englcwood, Colorado 80110
Timber Construction Manual (1985)
American Sociely of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 345 East 47th Street, Ncw York, NY 10017
ASCE 7-88
American Sociely of Mechanical En@neers (ASME), 345 East 47th Strcct, New York, NY 10017
Overhead and Gantry Crancs (Top Running Bridgc,
Singlc, or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)
(1990)
ASME B30.11
Electronic Industries Associalion (ETA), 2001 Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20006
Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Anlcnna
Supporting Structures (1986)
Metal Building Manufacturers Association ( M B M j, 1230 Kcith Building, Cleveland, Ohio 441 15
Low Risc Building Systems Manual (1986, with 1990
supplement)
Location
KENTUCKY
Fort Campbell
Fort Knox
Lexington
Louisville
LOUISIANA
Barksdale AFB
Fort Polk
Lake Charles
Louisiana AAP
New Orleans
Shreveport
MAINE
Bangor
Brunswick
Loring AFB
Portland
Winter Harbor
MARYLAND
Aberdeen Proving Gd
Andrews AFB
Annapolis
Baltimore
Fort Detrick
Fort Meade
Fort Ritchie
Lexington Park
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Fort Devens
L.G. Hanscom Field
Otis AFB
Springfield
Westover AFB
MICHIGAN
Detroit
Kincheloe AFB
K.I. Sawyer AFB
Selfridge AFB
Wurtsmith AFB
Ground Snow
~ o a d ~
(psf)
Frost
penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
Speedb
(mph)
Location
MINNESOTA
Duluth
Minneapolis
MISSISSIPPI
Bilold
Columbus AFB
Jackson
Keesler AFB
Gulfport
Meridian
Mississippi AAP
MISSOURI
Fort Leonard Wood
Kansas City
Lake City AAP
Richards Gebaur AFB
St. Louis
Whitcman AFB
MONTANA
Helena
Malmstrom AFB
Missoula
NEBRASKA
Cornhusker AAP
Hastings
Lincoln
Olfutt AFB
Omaha
NEVADA
Carson City
Fallon
Hawthorne
Las Vegas
Reno
Stead AFB
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Hanover
Pease AFB
Portsmouth
Ground Snow
hadb
(psf)
Frost
Penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
Speeda
hph)
Location
Ground Snow
~ o a d ~
(P~O
Frost
Penetrationa
( 4
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Cape May
Fort Monmouth
McGuire AFB
Picatinny Arsenal
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
Cannon AFB
Holloman AFB
Kirtland AFB
Sacramento PK
White Sands MR
NEW YORK
Albany
Buffalo
Fort Drum
Griffis AFB
New York City
Niagara Falls IAP
Plattsburg AFB
Stewart AFB, Newburgh
Syracuse
Watewliet
West Point Mil Res
NORTH CAROLINA
Fort B r a g
Charlotte
Cherry Point
Camp Lejeune
Cape Hatteras
Greensboro
Pope AFB
Seymour Johnson
Sunny Point Ocean Term
Wington
NORTHDAKOTA
Bismarck
Fargo
Grand Forks AFB
Minot AFB
18
18
4
18
Not Available
4
Basic Wind
Spced
(mh)
@so
Frost
Penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
Speedb
(~PW
TM 5-809-11AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
Location
Ground Snow
~ o a d ~
(~fs)
Frost
Penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
speedb
(mph)
WISCONSIN (continued)
Osceola
55
135
80
WYOMING
Cheyenne
Yellowstone
Frost penetration values will be used to establish minimum design depth of building foundations below finish grade.
These values are based on the deepest, i s . worst case, frost pcnctrations away from buildings and may be reduced for
foundation design according to information in Appendix D.
50 year mean recurrence interval,
Determine all snow loads based on tabulated ground snow load. However, based on local practice, the final design
snow load cannot be less than 30 psf.
Determine all snow loads based on tabulated ground snow load. However, based on local practice, the final design
snow load cannot be less than 25 psf.
Location
Ground Snow
Loadb
(PS~
Frost
penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
speedb
(mph)
Not Available
80
100
100
120
120
Location
Ground Snow
hadb
(PS~)
Frost
Penetrationa
(in)
EUROPE (continued)
France
Nancy
ParisReBourget
Rennes
Vichy
Germany
Bremen
Munich-Reim
Rhein-Main AB
Stuttgart AB
Greece
Athens
Souda Bay
Iceland
Keflavik
Thorshofn
Northern sites
Italy
Aviano AB
Brindisi
La Maddalena
Sigonella-Catania
Northern Ireland
Londonderry, Ulster
Scotland
Aberdeen
Edinburgh
Edzell
Glasgow/Renfrew
Airfield
Lerwick,
Shetland Islands
Prestwick
Stornoway
Thurso
Spain
Madrid
Rota
San Pablo
Zaragoza
30
30
Not Available
10
5
Not Available
Not Available
24
36
May be permafrost
18
6
Not Available
Not Available
NORTH AMERICA
Canada
Argentia NAS,
Newfoundland
Churchill,
Manitoba
Cold Lake,
Alberta
Permafrost
72
Basic Wind
Speeda
(mph)
Ground Snow
Loadb
Location
Frost
Penetrationa
(in)
60
60
60
Permafrost
60
48
36
36
60
60
60
Permafrost
Permafrost
Basic Wind
speedb
(mph)
Location
Ground Snow
~ o a d ~
(Pf)
Frost
penetrationa
(in)
Basic Wind
~ ~ c c d ~
(mph)
Frost penetration values will be used to establish minimum design depth of building foundations below finish grade.
These values are based on the deepest, i.e. worst case, frost penetrations away from buildings and may be reduced lor
foundation design according to information in Appendix D.
APPENDIX D
FROST PENETRATION
D-1. Frost penetration
The depth to which frost penetrates at a site depends on
the climate, the type of soil, the moisture in the soil and the
surface cover (e.g., pavement kept clear of snow vs. snowcovered turf). If the supporting soil is warmed by heat
from a building, frost penetration is reduced considerably.
The values in appendices B and C represent the dcpth of
frost penetration to be expected if the ground is bare
of vegetation and snow cover, the soil is non-frost
susceptible (NFS), well-drained (i.e., dry) sand or
gravel, and no building heat is available. Thus, these
values represent the deepest (i.e., worst case) frost
TM 5-809-1IAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
in figure D-l were established with an appreciation for
the variability of soil and the understanding that some
portions of the building may abut snow-covered turf
while other portions abut paved areas kept clear of
snow.
D-2. Example
What minimum depth is needed for footings of a hospital
and an unheated vehicle storage building to be built in
Bangor, Maine, to protect them from frost action?
Solution: The tabulated frost penetration value for
Bangor, Maine, is 98 inches (appendix B). Using the
"heated" curve in figure D-I, footings for the hospital
should be located 4 feet below the surface to protect
them from frost action. Using the "unheated curve,
footings for the unheated garage should be located 6
feet below the surface.
APPENDIX E
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR LOAD COMBINATIONS
APPENDIX F
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR LlVE LOADS
F-1. Purpose and scope
F-2. Abbreviations
'
tA
3.00
1.50
'
3.00
1.50
3.00
1.50
1.50
0.75
LlVE L0AD.L
DEAD L0AD.D
LzlQzN1
MAINTENANCE
D
SHOPF
m 5'- 20'
2 "15 SHOWN I T
PROBLEM: DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM FORCES FOR ONE POSSIBLE LOAD COMBINATION
ON THE EXPOSED ROOF TRUSS.
SOLUTION:
FORCE
'
FOR ELICH MEMBER SELECT ONE FORCE ONLY FROM EITHER COLUMN O,F OR H
LINO COMBINE WITH (OIL1 TO OBTRIN MAXIMUM FORCE.
F-I
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
PLAN
ELEVATION
INTERIOR TRUSS
SOLUTION:
E0.2'
PARA.4-!I-
F=3
SINCE F t 4
R ,=1.0
L,=20
0.6
1.0=12 P S F
E0.2.
20
'
* REFERENCE: ASCE 7 - 8 8
GIVEN:
--
PROBLEM:
RUNWAY GIRDER
RUNWAY GiRDER
- 12'
TRUCK WHEELS
T R O L L E Y WT.=II.GK
LIFTED L O A D : ~ O . O ~
CRANE WT.=30.0
BRIDGE CRANE E L E V A T I O N
TRUCK WHEELS
ACING IS A CONSERVATIV
ION FOR INITIAL
CALCULATlONS.POSlTl0N
OF TROLLEY IS NEXT TO
GIRDER FOR M A X WHEEL
LOAD ON GIRDER.)
RUNWAY GIRDER
BRIDGE CRANE
TRUCK WHEELS
BRIDGE CRANE P L A N
Figure F-3. Design evanlple for live loads - cmnc runway. ( Slleef I of 2)
SOLUTION:
VERTICAL LOAD FROM E A C H TRUCK WHECL
i/216O + 11.6 1 i / 2 x 30)=43.1"
25 PERCFNT IMPAC I.10.c
P A R A . 4.7.3.
54.1
LATERAL LOAD FROM E A C H TRUCK WHEEL
1/4 x 0.20(60 t ll.6)=3.bK
PARA. 4.1.3.
PARA. 4.7.3.
~4.3
* HFFt.UCNCE: ASCE 7 - 8 8
511'
3.6'
C.G,
1,
5 I '
VERTICftL
3.6K
LATERAL
WHEEL L O A D L O C A T I O N F O R M A X I M U M M O M E N T
54.1'
3.6"
54.1'
3.6'
VERTICAL
LATERAL
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
A
t ............
...........
DORMITORY
IPARTITIONEDI
I
I
I
,, ,,
,, ,,
,, ,
4 ,
#
L=L, (0.25+15/-$6,)
WHERE L o ~ 4 PSF
0
A , ~ 1 x 2 4 2 0 = 4 8 0 FT2
~ = 4 0 ( 0 . 2 5 + 1 5 / ~ ) = 3 7 . 4 PSF
EO..
TABLE C3.
PARA.4.8.I.
EO.1.
CHECK
L ? 0.50L
37.4 PSF>(O.S
TM 5-809-1IAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
5 0 PSF ON
I F T STRIP
1 F T STRIP
DISTRIBUTED ON
r.r
Figure F-5. Design erample for live loads - one-way concretefloor stab. (Sheet I of 2)
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
SOLUTION:
UNIFORM L I V E L O A D
5 0 L B / F T ON I F T STRIP
TABLE 2.
I' ( T Y P O )
POSITION FOR
MAXIMUM POSITIVE MOMENT
CONCENTRATED L I V E L O A D
2000 i 6
DISTRIBUTED OVER 2.5'x2.5'
2000/(2.5 2.5)=320PSF
ON A ONE FT STRIP
TABLE 3+
PARA.4.3'
OR 320 LB/FT
1' (TYP.)
P O S I T I O N FOR
MAXIMUM POSITIVE MOMENT
POSITION FOR
MAXIMLJM SHEAR
*REFERENCE: ASCE 7 - 8 8
Figure F-5. Design example for live loads - one-way cotrcretefloorslab. (Sheet 2 of 2)
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
-e
30'
--
20'
CONTINUOUS BEAM
25'
.,
CONCRETE J O I S T
CONSTRUCTION
SOLUTION:
A.REDUCED LIVE LOAD
L=L0(0.25+15/-&)
WHERE L 0 = 6 0 PSF
BEAM A 6 A , = 2 x
12 x
BEAM BC A , = 2 x
BEAM CD A , = 2 x
TRIBUTARY AREA
3 0 x 7=1020 FT
2 0 x 17. 6 8 0 FT
2 5 x 17. 8 5 0 F T ~
~,~60(0.25+15/7/1020)=43.2PSF
~ , ~ 6 0 ( 0 . 2 5 + 1 5 / ~ ~0 4) 9 . 5PSF
L C d 6 0 ( 0 . 2 5 + 1 5 / ~ )145.9 PSF
CHECK
L>_0.50LO
4 3 . 2 > 1 0 . 5 0 ~ 6 0 = 3 0 PSF) O.K.
* NOTE: THIS
01 3)
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
.-
TRIBUTARY AREA.A
LZL ,(0.25 + l 5 A , )
WHERE L ,=50 PSF
A , =4A+FOR
2ND AND 3RD FLOOR
A , = 4 ( 2 x 20 x 2 5 )
A , = 4 0 0 0 SO F T
~ = 5 0 ( 0 . 2 5 + 1 5 / ~ 0 ) = 2 4 . 4 PSF
CHECK
L 20.41,
24.4 PSF>(0.4
x 50.20
PSFI O.K.
E0.l.
TABLE 2 .
APPENDIX G
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR WlND LOADS
G-1. Purpose and scope
This appendix contains llustrative examples using the wind
load criteria given in ASCE 7-88.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Eq. - Equation
Para. - Para~ravh
- .
Fig. - Figure
Tab. - Table
U.N.O. - Unless noted otherwise.
G-2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the example
problems:
-C
LOCATI0N:HUNTSVILLE.AL
WlND EXPOSURE CATEGORY C
Figure G-I. Design erample for wind loads -industrial building. (Sheet I of 11)
PROBLEM:
DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING RESULTING FROM WIND.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Figure G-I. Design example for wind loads - industrial b u i l d (Sl~eet2 of 11)
SOLUTION:
A.EXTERNAL WINO PRESSURE ON THE BUILDING
)
(I)p=qG,C ,-q ,(GC
NOTE: NEGLECT INTERNAL PRESSURE TERM -q,
WHEN ONLY EXTERNAL PRESSURES ARE
CONSIDERED.
q,-0.00256K z ( ~ ~ f
WHERE Kz=0.84 AT Z.18'
K, -0.88 AT h-21'
1=1.00
V=70 MPH
q ,=0.00256~0.8411.0~70f~10.5
PSF
TABLE 4.
(GC,,)
E0.3
TABLE 6
TABLE 6
TABLE 6
APPENDIX B
(THIS MANUAL.)
q,=0.00256x0.88(1.0x70~~ll.0 PSF
TABLE 8
CP
WINDWARD WALL
LEEWARD WALL
WINDWARD ROOF
LEEWARD ROOF
SIDE WALL
0.8
-0.5
-0.3
-0.1
-0.7
CONDITION
p=qG,Cp.PSF
10.5x1.29x0.8=+10.8
11.0~1.29xf-0.51:-7.I
11.0x1.29x(-0.31~-4.3
11.0x1.29xf-0.71s-9.9
11.Ox1.29xf-0.1):-9.9
L/B=20/75=0.3
h/L;21/20=1.'
8 =31 O
FIC.2
FlG.2
Figure G-1.Design erample for wind loads - industrial btiildirtg. (Sheet 3 of 11)
ELEMENT
CP
0.8
-0.2
-0.7
-0.7
p=qG L p . P S F
CONDITION
WINDWARD WALL
10.5~1.29x0.8-+l0.8
LEEWARD WALL
11.0~1.29x(-0.2)~-2.8
B/L=75/20=3.8
11.0~1.29~~-0.7~--9.9
ROOF
h/L=21/20=l.I
SIDE WALL
11.Ox1.29x(-0.7)~-9.9
*USE 0/L FOR L/B AND h / B FOR h/L AS SHOWN IN FIG.2.WHEN WlND
DIRECTION IS PARALLEL WITH RIDGE.
BUILDING
Figure G-I. Design example for wind loads - industrial building. (Sheet 4 of 11)
I
75'
END WALLS
END WALL
SIDE WALL
I RESISTANCE
BY TWO
SIDE WALLS
SIDE WALL
2F:F,+
END W A L L
F,
WHERE F, ~ 1 0 . 8x 20 x 1272592 LR
F, = 2.8 x 2 0 x I?= 672 L H
2F-35921672
F 4 6 3 2 LB SAY 1.6'
Figure G-1. Design example for wind loads - industrial buildin~: (Sheet 5 of 11)
(I)p=q, G,
/INTERNAL
C, -q,
PRESSURE
(GCpJ
q, G, C ,=-9.9
TABLE 4
PSF
q h =ll.O P S F
SINCLFOR OPENINGS.
48%-l0%=38% ,lo%
SEE SKETCH OF
AND 1 0 % < 2 0 %
SELECT GCpI=+0.75. OR -0.25
ASSUME WORST CASE. OPENINGS ON WINDWARD
WALL ARE OPEN. OTHER WALL OPENINGS ARE
CLOSED. ACCORDINGLY INTERNAL PRESSURE
IS POSITIVE. SELECT GC,, =+0.75.
q, GC ,=11.0x0.75~+8.3
INDUSTRIAL BLDG.
TABLE 9
PSF
TABLE 4
8.3 P S F
MAXIMUM PRESSURE.p.ON
ROOF TRUSS
Figure G-I. Design example for wind loadr - industrial building. (Sheet 6 of 11)
(IIWIDTH
FOR ZONE@
THE SMALLER OF
O.IOLxW=O.lx20 F T = 2 F T
0 . 4 h ~ 0 . 4 ~ FT.8.4
21
FT
BUT NOT LESS THAN THE LARGER OF
0.04L=0.04x20=0.8 F T
OR 3 F T -GOVERNS
Figure G-I. Design example for wind loads - industrial building. (Slteet 7 of 11)
FIG. 3
TM 5-809-11AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
(Z)PRESSURE,p,ON ZONE@
p=q, (GC,)-q, (GC,)
WHERE q ~11.0 PSF
A=10x10=100 F T
GC v
(FlG.31
'*
.#
GC
(TAB. 91
1
1
-1.5
11.15
TABLE 4
SEE A(l1 OF THIS EXAMPLE
+0.75
-0.25
p(PSF)
DIRECTION
111.0 (-1.51-11.Ox0.75=-24.8
~11.0~1.15-11.0 (-0.25)=+15.4
OUTWARD
INWARD
(3)PRESSURE.p.ON ZONE@
p=q, lGC,)-q,lGC,)
WHERE q ,=11.0 P S F
A=100 F T
'
GC
(FIG.3)
(TAB.91
-1.25
*1.15
10.75
-0.25
GCor
plPSFl
1.0 (-1.25)-11.0xO.75=-22.0
I.Ox1.lS-11.0 (-0.25)=+15.4
DIRECTION
OUTWARD
INWARD
24.8 PSF
I I
DOOR
OUTWARD
INWARD
Figure G-I. Design erample for wind loads - irtdtrs~rialbddirg. (Sheet 8 of 11)
(I)PRESSURE.p,ON ZONE
p = q , (GC, )-q, ( G C , )
WHERE q, =ll.O PSF
A=6x15=90 FT
TABLE 4
SEE AX OF
THIS EXAMPLE
'
GC p
lFIG.3)
GC,I
(TAB.91
-1.50
11.20
+0.75
-0.25
PIPSF)
11.0 (-1.501-11.0~0.75~-24.8
11.Ox1.2-11.0 I-0.?5)=+16.0
DIRECTION
OUTWARD
INWARD
Figure G-I. Design exantpie for wind loads - i~ldtislrialbtiilding. (Sltcet 9 of 11)
(2)PRESSURE,p,ON ZONE @
p = q, ( G C p ) - q h (GCpi)
WHERE q, =11.0 PSF
-1.30
+1.20
t0.75
-0.25
TABLE 4
SEE All1 OF
THIS E X A M P L E
OUTWARD
INWARD
11.0 (-1.30)-ll.Ox0.75=-22.6
11.Ox1.2-11.0 (-0.25)=+16.0
ZONE
ZONE
24.8x6=148.8 LB/FT
16.0x6=96.0 LB/FT
ZONE
ZONE
OUTWARD
INWARD
LOAD ON G I R T
Figure G-1. Desigrt erample for wir~dl o a d - induslrial building. (Sheet 10 of 11)
'
E.P.OEI ZONE@
p = q , (GC. I-q,IGCp,I
WHERE qh:ll.O
A212 F T
GC I
7ARLE 3
SEE A111 01
PSF
WORST CASE
'
1HlS EUhMI LI
GCPI
NEGATIVE EXT.PRESSURES
-7--
LINIEKNAL
PRESSURE
TM 5-809-1IAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
GIVEN:
EXIST. BUILDING
3
IL
55,
_ILJ
INDUSTRIAL BIJILDING
Figurc G-2. Design euainple for wind loads - irtd~istrialbriildirtg willt irregularplan corfipratiort. (Slteel 1 of 4)
SOLUTION:
A. E X T E R N A L PRESSURE
ON BUILDING.
3. MAXIMUM PRESSURE
ON ROOF TRUSS.
C. PRESSURE ON DOOR.
D. L O A D ON GIRT.
E. MAX TENSION ON
WALL FASTENER.
GOSHEAR FORCES ON W A L I ~ S
(APPROXIMATE)
SAME AS E X A M P L E G-I.
SAME AS E X A M P L E G-I.
SAME AS E X A M P L E G-I.
SAME AS E X A M P L E G-I.
SAME AS E X A M P L E G-I.
brmb:8
7.1
SEE DESIGN E X A M P L E
G - F O R PRESSURES
WIND PRESSURE ON
WALLS AND ROOF
IN PSF
9
WIND
-------EQ
10.8
7.1
.
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
2FA,
F, --s-
__E%_
F4
'$y
Lq
$:
I)
..--.
/'
..~~ . .
RESISTANCE BY EXISTING
SIDE WALLS
S I N O = ~ / ~ ~
SECTION A-A
EXISTING BUILDING
2FA, =2Fc,=F, -F, SIN B+F, SIN B+F,
FA,= F,,=(F, -F, SINB+F, SINO+F, ) / 2
WHERE F I 310.8 x 20 x 1212592 LB
F2SIN6=(4.3 x 27@! x 10 x Y2)3/fl4
=I29 LB
F, SINB=9.9[(10+20)1/2 x 2fi13/m
=891 L B
F 4 = 2 . 8 x 20 x 9.504 L B
FA,~(1592-129+891+-504)/2~19?9
lLB,SAY 1.9
FLD:IoqK
I<
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
NEW BUILDING
2Frrz2Fco=F, -F2 SINB+F, SINB+F.
F,,=WHERE:F,,=(F,
-F, SINR+F, SINBiF, ) / 2
F, =10.8 x 5 5 x 9 k 5 3 4 6 LB
F, SINB=(4.3. 5 5 x
3/fl=1419
LBS
F,SlNe=(9.9 x 5 5 x 2 p ) 3/fi=-3267
LBS
F, ~ 7 . 1 ~ 5x 5 9 ~ 3 5 1 5 LBS
F, ~(5346-1419+3267+3515)/2=5354LBS
SAY 5.4"
Fc,.5.4"
m)
-7.3'
.7
Figure G-2. Desigt erarnple for wind loads - indusfrial brrildirlg with irregnlarplan cortfigrraliorl. (Sheel 4 of 4)
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
ELEVATION
ADMINISTRATIVE BLDG.
FLOOR PLAN
Figure G-3. Design examplefor wind loads - three-story building (Iteigltfless fltan or equal to 60feet).
(Slteet I of 3)
SOLUTION:
TABLE 4 *
E0.3
TABLE 5
APPENDIX B
(THIS MANUAL)
E0.3
TABLE I!
FIG.2
Figure G-3. Design example for wind loads - three-story building (height less tltart or equal lo 6Ofeet). (Slzeel 2 of 3)
(2)LEEWARD WALL
~ ' 4 zG, CP-q, ( G C p , )
NOTE: NEGLECT INTERNAL PRESSURE TERM -q;(GC,,)
WHEN ONLY EXTERNAL PRESSURES ARE
CONSIDERED.
WHERE q ~ 3 0 . 2 PSF A T h = Z = 4 Z 1
G, ~ 1 . 2 3
p=30.2
TABLE 4
TABLE ABOVE
TABLE ABOVE
C ,I-0.5(WHEN
L/B=l)
1.23 x-0.5.-18.6
PSF
FIG.2
- EL.42.0
EL.35.0
EL.2I.0
18.6 PSF
-
EL.7.0
ilL.O.0
PROBLEM:
EL. 46'
EL. 18'
G20'
140'
ELEVATION
PLAN
7ONE
ZONE @
ASSUME VERTICAL
REINFORCEMENT.THS
INFORMATION IS NEEDED
TO DETERMINE TRIBUTARY
(Shccl I oJ 3)
SOLUTION:
DETERMINE WIDTH, a
SELECT SMALLER
0.05x40=2 FT
0 . 5 ~ 7 4 ~ 3 F7T
GOVERNS
* A L L REFERENCES
IN THIS EXAMPLE
ARE TO ASCE
7 - 8 8 U.N.O.
FG.4r
NOTATIONS
FILLER WALL
pzq(GC,)-q, (GC,i)
q z=0.00256Kz (IV)'
WHERE Kz=0.71 AT Z = 6 6 F T
1=1.05
V.110 MPH
q ,=0.00256x0.71(1.05x1l0f~24.2 PSF
TABLE 4
Eo.3
TABLE 6
TABLE 5
APPENDIX B (THIS MANUAL
E0.3
q =0.00256Kh ( I V ) ~
~0.3
WHERE K,=0.75 AT h = 7 4 F T
q h = 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 ~ 0 . 7 5 ( l . 0 5 ~ l l ~ ~ ~PSF
25.6
TABLE 6
ZONE 6
A.12 x 12/3=48 F T
GC ,=+1.00,-1.80
GC,,=+-0.25
p=24.2(+1.00)-24.2(-0.25)
z t 3 0 . 3 PSF
p=25.6(-1.80)-24.2(+0.25)
=-52.1 PSF
~a.3
PARA.6.2
FIC.4
TABLE 9
TABLE 4
TABLE 4
Figure G-4. Design eranzple for wind loads -jive-story briilditig (heightgreater tlian 60feet).
(Sheet 2 of 3)
ZONE 5
A=12x12/3=48 F T
GC, =+l.00,-1.10
GC,, :;t_0.25
p=24.2[1.00-(-0.25)1=30.3
PARA.6.2
FG.4
TABLE 9
PSF
p=25.6[-1.10-0.251=-34.6PSF
TABLE 4
TABLE 4
30.3 PSF
INWARD
I
34.6 P S F
OUTWARD
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE ON FILLER WALL
Figure G-4. D e s i p craritplc for wind loads - jive-sloy building (Itcigltt grealcr lltart 60feet).
(Shcel 3 of 3)
GIVEN:
p'qh Gh C p - q h (&I)
0.3
TABLE 6
TABLE 5
APPENDIX B
0.3
TABLE 8
TABLE 10
TABLE 10
TABLE I0
TABLE 10
TABLE 10
(Sl~eet2 of 3)
TM 5-809-1/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
TABLE 4
P=16.8x1.25~-0.6:-12.6
TABLE 4
PSF
TABLE 4
TABLE 4
20.0
PSF
20.0
PSF
(Slteet 3 of 3)
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
LOCATI0N:HICKMAN AFB,HONOLULU,HAWAII
X
WIND EXPOSURE CATEGORY D
BLJILDING CATEGORY I
I
Figure G-6. Design examplefor wind loads - ntor~osloperoof subjected to wind force.
(Skeet I of 2)
SOLUTION:
WlND FORCE ON ROOF
F=qz Gz C, A,
WHERE q, = 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 K 2 ( I V ) ~
K, 11.24 AT h=17.6 FT
1=1.00
V.80
MPH
q, = 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 x l.24(1.00 x 8 0 ) ~
~ 2 0 . 3 PSF
G, =l.l4 AT h=17.6 FT
B/L=40/20=2.0
8 =15%0O
0
0
USE I ~ + I O = ~ ~ ~ W CASE
ORST
C ,=I.I
X/L=0.4
X=0.4L=004(20)=8.0 FT
SF
A ,=40 x 20/COS 15'=828.2
F=20.3~1.14~1.1~828~2~2I~I
T A B L E 4~
EQ.3
TABLE 6
TABLE 5
APPENDIX B
(THIS MANUAL)
tQ.3
TABLE 8
T A B L E 11
NOTE 2
TABLE 4
(Sl~ect2 of 2)
GIVEN:
EXAMPLE G-6
WlND PRESSURE
Figure G-7. Design ewample for wind loads - monoslope roof subjected to windpresstue. (Sheel 1 of 3)
Figure G-7. Design eramplefor wind loads - monoslope roofsubjected to windpressure. (Sheet 2 of 3)
TM 5-809-l/AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
40.8 PSF
WlND PRESSURE,p
Figure G-7. Design exatnple for wind loads - monoslope roof subjecled lo wirtdpressure. (Sheel 3 oJ 3)
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
SOLUTION:
WIND PRESSURE
F=qzG,C, A,
WHERE qz = 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 K~ (lVf
Z=110'
1=1.07
V.75 MPH
K ,=1.42 WHEKE Z=110 FT
q ,=(0.00256)i1.42)(1.07~75)~
q,=23.4 PSF
G, -1.15 WHERE h-120 FT
d6=10423.4.48.4>2.5
h/d=l/l=l
C ,=0.5
A , =10'x10'=100 FT
F = 2 3 . 4 ~ 1 . 1 5 ~ 0 . 5 ~ 1 0 0 = 1 3 4 5OR
# 1.3~
TABLE 4*
E0.3
TABLE 5
APPENDIX t3
(THIS MANUAL)
TABLE 6
TAELE
TABLE 2
TABLE. 4
Figure G-8. Desigu example for wind loads - circular lank on b~iildirtgroo5
(Slreet 2 of 2)
TM 5-809-11AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
GIVEN:
SOLUTION:
SOLID A R E A A
,, GROSS AREA,
F T ~
.F T
.
PANEL
0io
0
0
0
8
2.19
6.00
0.366
3.65
18.00
0.202
4.16
30.00
0.139
4.06
42.00
0.097
F=q, Gh Cf A,
WHERE q, =0.00256KZ( 1 ~ ) ~
11
.0
.
V=70 MPH
q = 0 . 0 0 2 5 6 ( 1 . 0 ~ 7 0 f$~2 . 5 4 ~ ~
G,=l.l9 WHEN h.74'
TABLE 40
E0.3
TABLE 5
APPENDIX B
(THIS MANUAL1
E0.3
TABLE 8
TABLE 15
Figure G-9. Design cra~npleforwind loads - tnrssed lower 011 brrildi~tgroof. (Slrect 2 of 3)
Figure G-9. Design erontplc for wind loads - tnrsscd tower on brrildirrgroof. (Sheet 3 of 3)
TM 5-809-11AFM 88-3,Chap. 1
APPENDIX H
DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SNOW LOADS
c. Fig. - Figure
a. Eq. Equation
b. Para. - Paragraph
H-2. Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the example
problems:
GIVEN:
PROBLEM:
D E T E R M I N E T H E B A L A N C E D A N D U N B A L A N C E D SNOW
IS S I T E D AMONG
LOADS.
COMPOSITION
SHINGLE
L O C A T I 0 N : W E S T O V E R AFB.MA.
BUILDING C A T E G O R Y I
HEATED
STRUCTURE
SOLUTION:
FLAT
ROOF SNOW
=ARCTAN 8A2.34'
LOAD
D? =O.7C,C+lpP
WHERE Ce=l.O
C+=l.O
1=1.0
00:30
PSF
p,=0.7
I 1.0 x
1.0 x 1.0
30=21.0 P S F
(SINCE e >IS'.MIN.SNOW
L O A D DOES N O T A P P L Y )
S L O P E D ROOF SNOW
0.
=c,
E0.5~TABLE
In
TABLE 19
TAB
L E -20
--.
APPENDIX
B
(THIS M I N U A L I
E0.5a
PARA.7.1.4
LOAD
P,
WHERE C. -0.9
D, =0.9 x 21.0=18.9
UNBALANCEO
COMMENTARY
SECTlON 7
E0.6
PSF
SNOW
LOAD
28.3
.dkBEm
WIND
BALANCED
.ALL
~10.9
ROOF SNOW L O A D
REFERENCES ARE TO ASCE
PSF
UNBALANCED
7-88
U.N.O.
GIVEN:
-
PROBLEM:
LOCATION:ANCHORAGE.ALASKA
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY I
ROUGH SURFACE -7
UNHEATED
I
J
SOLUTION:
EO.Sb.
WHERE C, ~ 0 . 9
C, ~ 1 . 2
1.1.0
p, -65 PSIP ' ~ 0 . 6 r 0.9 x 1.2 x 1.0 x h 5 = 4 2 . 7 P S F
(SINCE O )IS" .MIN. SNOW L O A D DOES
NOT APPl Y )
SLOPED ROOF SNOW LOAD
P, :C,
Pf
WHERE C,:I.OO
Ps -1.00 x 42.2-42.2
['SF
T A B L F I8
lABL1. 19
T A B L E 10
APPENDIX R
I11111 MANUAL]
FO.ib
r'hnh.i.i.4
SNOW DENSITY
0.13165)+14=22.4
PCF
PCFzI34.4 PSF
PSF
FlC.6.I
ITHIS MANUAL)
42.2 PSF
lllllllllI1lllll.
BALANCED
..
134.4 PSF
2.1 PSF
UNBALANCED
WIND
-.-
Figure H-2. Design eranlple for snow loads - mulfiple gable roof. (Skeef 2 of 2)
TM 5-809-1lAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
GIVEN:
-
PROBLEM:
TANGENT TO EAVES
LOCATI0N:CHICAGO.ILL
BUILDING CATEGORY II
L
.ALL
HEATED
80'
I
4
8 =ARCTAN 5 / 4 0 = 2 1
REFERENCES ARE TO ASCE 7 - 8 8 U.N.O.
I=l.
pp $5
TABLE 2 0
APPENDIX B
<THIS MANUAL)
PARA.7.3.4
Figure H-3. Design exantple for snow loads - arched roof: (Sheet I of 2)
TM 5-809-IIAFM 88-3,Chap. 1
r1c.10
GEOMETRY
FlG.10
LOAD AT EAVES*
rz4
25 PSF
BAL ANCEn
UNBALANCED
GIVEN:
THEATER
. -s
FLAT ROOF SNOW LOAO
0, =0.7C. C, 10,
WHERE C.=0.9
c,=1.2
1:I.O
p, =25 PSF
P, ~0.7x 0.9 = 1.2 r 1.0
E0.50.
TABLE Is
TABLE 19
TABLE 20
x
25XJ.9
PSF
Pa 'C.Pr
WHERE C, '1.0
p.=I.O i 20.0=20.0
PSF
OKIFT ON LEAN-TO
Figure H-4. Design example for snow loads - lean-to roof. (Sheet I of 2)
PARA.7.9
17.
(0.50
BALANCED LOAD
20.0 PSF
-r
51.0 PSF
'
19.2UPSF
-
DRIFT LOAD
SLIDING LOAD
90.2 PSF
I
I
COMBINED LOAD*
The proponent agency of this publication is the Office of the Chief of Engineers, United States
Army. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028
(Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to HQUSACE, (CEMP-ET),
WASH DC 20314-1000.
By Order of the Secretaries of the Army and the A:-r Force:
Official:
GORDON R. SULLIVAN
General, United States A m y
Chief of Sraf
9i&%d
!&
MILTON H. HAMILTON
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretcuy of the A m y
MERRILL A. McPEAK
General, United States Air Force
Chief of Staff
Official:
EDWARD A. PARDINI
Colonel, United States Air Force
Director of Infomation Management
Distribution:
A m y : To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-WE. Block 0728, requirements lor TM 5-809-1.
Air Force: F