CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

There are many realities in human life that can affect human life
itself. The events in our lives create pressure on our lives. The influence of
the realities or how this will be better or worse depending on how the
human take it or how the human being. An example of the reality of life that
can be affect a person's behavior such as loss of a parent in the life
humans. Indirectly, this will be the cause of human suffered the loss of
changes, both changes for the better either direction, or even worse, it
depends on how people in accept that it is a fact of life. As social beings we
are naturally very need help from others, the support of others to get
through this difficult.
Short story, novel or novel. Drama or poetry is one of the works
human being poured from the realities of how they feel. And novel also is a
kind of work that was created based on the situation, their experiences or
imagination from the writer.
Literature is a piece of writing that describes the thoughts, feelings
and style of the author in the reality of social life as a reflection of the

phenomena that occur in Rene Wellek around them and Austin Warren
(1973: 94) says that literature is life and life is a picture of social reality.
Novel is also one kind of literature that used the author as a medium
to convey and express thoughts, emotions, and conviction and criticized
the reality of social life that occurred around the time particular. Novela is a
picture of real life and the style of the time it was written novel (Wellek and
warren, 1956: 216).
The author wrote a novel not merely to inflict feelings of pleasure to
the reader or listener, but also want to convey a message of understanding
and views on human life through explanation of the events and actions of
the characters in the novel. And through the novel authors also describe
that everyone has differences in terms of character, as temperamental,
humorous and possessive, others.
According Reaske (1966: 5) that literary work can portray the life of
the present variation action and the dialogue between the characters.
Characterization is one of the important elements in a literary work of his
special in a novel or novel. According to Hofman, in The Encyclopedia of
Americans that characterization is one of the attitudes, behaviors or habits
that a person imageri make them credible to the reader or listener of the
author.
According Glorier (1977: 291), the characterization of the unique
characteristics of this form of fiction like a short story or novel, novel,
2

drama, and poetry. Character contained in The novel may also indicate
static or dynamic changes, which significantly influenced by the narrative,
so that each character has a power to nominate the story as a whole.
The Strange of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde is one of the works of Robert
Shaped Louis Stevenson novel published in 1866 by Planet eBook in the
USA. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde describe or recount Dr.
figures Jekyll who has more than one personality or in the person of Dr.
Jekyll there is one figure who else is as Mr. Hyde. Both of these personality
it is the opposite, where the figure of Dr. Jekyll is a good figure to everyone,
whereas the figure of Mr. Hyde figure who is very nasty to everyone.
The writer chooses the title " The split personality of the Main
Character in of Stevensons The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is very interesting to study. Because it has
more than a personality or multiple personalities on the same body.
1.1 Scope of problem
The writer limits the study in the behaviour of character in novel The
strange case of Dr.jekyll and Mr. Hyde, from psychological aspect.

1.2 Identification of problems

Based on the above the research question in this study are:
1. What is the role of the main character in the novel The Strange
Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ?
3

2. What factors affect the behavior of the main character change ?

3. What the negative impact on the behavior of the main characters in
the novel ?

1.3 Objectives of the study

The objective of the research is intended to have the clear
description and the right target. The objective of the research:
1. To identify the main characters in this novel.
2. To explain the factors that influence changes in behavior of
the main character.
3. To explain the negative impact on the behavior of the main characters in
the novel

1.4 Benefits of Research

In this study there is a benefit, that benefit both theoretical and
practical benefits.
- Theoretically, through this study is expected to contribute which
can enrich the reader insight on the analysis, especially analysis
character in Robert Louis Stevenson's novel and also contributed about
developing characters that readers who are interested in doing the
research about the character.

- Practically, this research is useful for other researchers in conducting

research on the character with other literary works. This study, especially
expected petrified readers in learning to understand kinds of human
character

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1

Previous study
This part included the other research that required the

analysis of the study. Such as:

Nadia Maharani (2006) in her thesis with title A Self
Destruction As a result of the Dissociation of Personality Depicted in
Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde presented
about the the structure of personality reflected in two character in the
novel namely Dr. Jekyll and Mr.hyde.

In her thesis she used

psychoanalytic approach to analyzed the novel, she also used

descriptive qualitative method in her thesis.
In this study the writer analyzes what the factors causing
personality changes experienced by the main character in the novel
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The writer also uses
psychoanalytic theory and methodology of qualitative deskriptive that
research produces analytical results are completely accurate and can
be discussed.
The difference between two studies above , Nadia Maharani
focused in the structure of personality in the main chharacter of this

novel, in the other side the writer focused in the factors causing
personality changes of the main character of this novels. The
supporting factor from Nadias thesis is the structure of psychonalytic
approach, and the methods to used this approach.
1.2 Novels and it elements
1. Theme
Theme is the aspect of the story which in line with the meaning
in the humans experience; something which makes the experience so
memorable. Many stories that describe and analyze events or
emotions experienced by humans such as love ,pain, fear, maturity,
confidence, human betrayal of itself or even the age. It is similar with
the humans experience, the theme makes the story more focused,
unified and has an impact. The beginning and the end of the story will
be suitable and satisfying because the existence of the theme. The
effective way to identify the theme of the literary work is by observing
the very detailed each conflict in it (Stanton, 2007:42).
2. Plots
In general the plot is the series events in the story. The term
plot is commonly bounded to the events which connected causally.

There are two basic elements build the plot is the conflicts and the
climax. Every work of fiction at least has the internal conflict which
persisted through the passions of two characters or a passion of a
character and its environment. Climax is when the conflict was so
intense that the ending is inevitable. The climax is the point of bringing
the forces of conflict and determine how the opposition can be
resolved. ( Stanton, 2007: 26-32).
The plot of a story is a series of interconnected events in which
every occurrence has a specific purpose. A plot is all about establishing
connections, suggesting causes, and showing relationships.
Four types of plot structure:

A Dramatic or Progressive Plot: This is a chronological structure

which first establishes the setting and conflict, then follows the
rising action through to a climax (the peak of the action and turning
point), and concludes with a denouement (a wrapping up of loose
ends).

An Episodic Plot: This is also a chronological structure, but it

consists of a series of loosely related incidents, usually of chapter
length, tied together by a common theme and/or characters.
Episodic plots work best when the writer wishes to explore the
8

personalities of the characters, the nature of their existence, and

the flavor of an era.

A Parallel Plot: The writer weaves two or more dramatic plots that
are usually linked by a common character and a similar theme.

A Flashback: This structure conveys information about events that

occurred earlier. It permits authors to begin the story in the midst of
the action but later fill in the background for full understanding of
the present events. Flashbacks can occur more than once and in
different parts of a story.

3. Characterizations
According

to

Jones

(in

Nurgiyantoro,

2000:165)

characterization is the clear description of about a person shown in

the story. Characterization includes who the character is; how the
character, placement and description in the story so it can afford to
give the clear picture to the readers.
Psychological aspects include
circumstance,

ideas,

ambitions,

the

character,

disappointments,

emotional
skill

and

temperament. Sociological aspects include environment, position,

occupation, religion, rank, social status and

nationality. The

physiological aspects include the gender, physical appearance,

physical disability, facial features and height. Based on the above
explanation it can be concluded that characterization is the
presentation of the character and the creation of image by the
characters presented in the story. Base on the role and level of
importance, the characters are distinguished into the main character
and the additional character.
The main character is the character told the most in the story
weather as the door of the events or the object of the events. The
main character greatly influences the development of the overall plot.
It is always present as the doer who often becomes the object of the
events. While the additional character is the character which present
less frequently and its presence as the existence support of the main
character. The additional character also influences the development of
the plot because its presence required bringing the existence of the
main character (Nurgiyantoro, 2000:176). In terms of the function of
the character appearance, existing the protagonist and antagonist
character. The protagonist character is the character that is admired,
and the reflection of the norms and idea values to the readers. The
antagonist character is the character who always causes and grow
the conflicts. (Alterr bend and Lewis in Nurgiyantoro, 2000:178).

10

Base on the characterization, the characters can be divided

into the simple and complex character. The simple character is the
character that has the certain personal qualities, a certain character
trait. Meanwhile the complex character is the character who has
revealed some possibilities of life, personality and identity.
4. Setting
The setting is the atmosphere which covers the events in the
story, the universe which interacts with the ongoing events. Setting
can also be in the form of particular time (days, months and years),
weather, or one historical period. (Stanton, 2007:35). The discussion
about the structure of the novel is limited to the theme, plot, character,
and setting. The reason is because the four elements are in line with
the objective of the research and objects analyzed that is the analysis
of the fate conflict of the main character. The theme determines the
core story of the novel, the plot to know the story and the
characterization is used to know the characteristic of each character
as the basis to look for the fate conflict experienced by the main
character and setting is used to as the analysis of place, time social
background in the novel.
Types of setting
Setting includes time and place.
11

Backdrop setting is when the setting is unimportant for the

story and the story could take place in any setting. Winnie-the-Pooh
by A. A. Milne is an example of a story in which could happen in any
setting.
Integral setting is when the action, character, or theme are
influenced by the time and place, setting. Controlling setting controls
characters. If you confine a character to a certain setting it defines the
character. Characters, given these circumstances, in this time and place,
behave in this way. The Tail of Peter Rabbit is an example of how the
setting is an integral part of Peter's behavior. Charlotte's Web is another
example of an integral setting.
Functions of setting: The Witch of Blackbird Pond by Elizabeth
Speare creates a setting of Puritanical austerity: hand-rubbed copper,
indicating hard work, the heavy fortress-like door, the dim little mirror, the
severe wooden bench, the unpainted Meeting House, the whipping post,
the pillory, and the stocks. The tasks of a typical day performed by Kit:
mixing soap with a stick, the lye fumes stinging her eyes, tiring muscles,
with one of the easiest tasks: making corn pudding, which keeps her over a
smoky

fire

with

burning

and

watering

eyes. A frightening

and

uncompromising environment compared to her carefree Barbados

upbringing.
12

Setting as antagonist: Characters must resolve conflict created by

the setting: Julie of the Wolves, The Incredible Journey, and Island of the
Blue Dolphins.
Setting that illuminates character: The confining setting of the attic in
Anne Frank and Flowers in the Attic help the characters find themselves
and grow as individuals.
Setting as symbolism: a symbol is a person, place, object, situation,
or action which operates on two levels of meaning, the literal and the
figurative, or suggestive. Children will understand only obvious symbols.
Forest: unknown; garden: natural beauty; sunlight: hope, goodness;
darkness: evil, despair. A grouping of symbols may create an image called
an allegory. The Narnia books by C. S. Lewis are allegories. In The Witch
of Blackbird Pond, Speare uses symbols in the usual way and to create
conflict, as when she describes Hannah as a kind and harmless woman
who lives in the sunny meadows. When you would expect a witch to live in
the deep dark shadowy forest or swamp.
5.Point of view
Point of view is determined by the authors' descriptions of
characters, setting, and events told to the reader throughout the story.

13

First-person is told with I, as in Island of the Blue Dolphins, A Ring of

Endless Light; Madeleine L'Engle, Dear Mr. Henshaw, Huckleberry Finn,
Kidnapped, Treasure Island, It's Like This Cat, Pigman and The Slave
Dancer. The first person point of view may present difficulties for small
children, because they are learning their own "I" identity, and may have
trouble identifying with the strange "I" of the story.
Telling a story from one character also limits the amount of
information available to the reader, requiring the reader to add information.
Small children may lack enough experience to do this. However, Dr. Seuss
wrote several successful books in first person: If I ran the Zoo, And to
Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, and May I Bring a Friend?.
Omniscient: third person (he, she, they) is all-knowing in every detail
of action, thought, and feeling (conscious or unconscious) Charlotte's Web.
Sometimes the author uses limited omniscient point of view (when
only a select amount of characters are presented omnisciently), Little
House stories where Laura's actions and thoughts are told but not other
characters. Laura's understanding of Santa Claus. "Santa Claus did not
give grown people presents, but that was not because they had not been
good... It was because they were grown up, and grown people must give
each other presents.

14

In Summer of the Swans, Byars tells most of the story from Sara's
point of view but there are some parts where she tells what is in the mind of
Charlie, her retarded brother. "The whole world seemed to have been
turned off when Sara went into the Weicek's house. His ticking watch is his
pleasure as he listens to it and watches the red second hand sweep
around the dial.
Objective or dramatic point of view: There is no explanation to the
reader of what is going on or what the characters think or feel. The camera
selects and we see and draw our own conclusions. Incredible Journey, is
an example. Since the characters are animals we are not able to know
what they think, if indeed they do. We must imagine their actions and
movements or other sensory images. The old dog walked gingerly into the
shallow water, shivering... turning his head away. Once more the Labrador
swam the river, climbed out... shook himself, and barked. There was no
mistaking the command. The old dog took another reluctant step forward,
whining piteously, his expressive tail tucked under... again the Labrador
swam across...

15

6. Style
Style is how the author says something, the choice of words and the
use of language, sentence construction, imagery... not what the author
says. It adds significance and impact to the author's writing.
Exposition: narrator or third person passages to provide background
information to explain story events.
Dialogue between characters.
Vocabulary words used. Two kinds of words are combined to add
meaning: connotation and denotation:
Connotation is the associative or emotional meaning of a word.
Denotation is the dictionary meaning of a word.
Sentence structure
Imagery words used to create mental sensory impressions (sights,
sounds, textures, smells, and tastes). It creates setting, establishes mood,
or describes characters.
Figurative language is language used in a non literal context to add
intensity of meaning.

16

Figure of speech is an expression used in a non literal context to

add intensity of meaning.
Personification is a figure of speech that gives human qualities to
inanimate objects, nonhuman organisms, or abstractions.
Simile is a figure of speech that makes comparisons using like and
as and occasionally than. That describe something in a manner that
communicates a deeper understanding with economy of words or beyond a
physical or direct description.
Metaphor is a figure of speech that transfers an idea associated with
one word to another word.
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that exaggerates or uses an
extravagant statement.
Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole.
Allusion is a figure of speech that refers to something in our
common understanding, our past or our literature. Allusion is difficult for
children since it relies on background information which they often lack.

17

Symbol is a person, object, situation, or action that operates on two

levels of meaning, the literal and the figurative or suggestive. Dove: peace,
flag: nationality of a country, handshake or gift: friendship.

1.2 Structural approach

The structural approach is also called as the intrinsic approach
that is the approach which is oriented to the work independently
separated from external world outside of the text. The analysis is
intended to the text itself as an entity which is composed of the
intertwined parts and the analysis is carried out based on the intrinsic
parameter in line with the existence of the internal elements.
Structuralism is the way of thinking about the world which is
associated with perception and description of the structure. The world
is essentially made up by the connection of the objects themselves. In
relation to the entity, each element does not have its own meaning,
except in relation to other elements according to its position in the
overall structure. Thus, the structure is a system that that consists of a
number of elements that none of them can be changed without
producing a change in other elements.

18

Meanwhile Ratna (2007:91) states that structuralism means the

understanding of the elements that is the structure itself by the
relation mechanism In one side with the other elements definitively,
structuralism gives attention to the elements of literary work
particularly prose such as theme, setting, events, characterization,
plot, and point of view. Nurgiyantoro (2005:20) explains that the steps
in applying the theory of structuralism is as follow:

1. Identify the intrinsic elements which conveys the literary work

completely and clearly including theme, character, setting,
and plot.
2. Analyze the elements which have been identified so it is
understood the theme, character, setting, and plot of the
literary work.
3. Describe the function of each element so it is understood the
theme, character, setting, and plot of the literary work.
4. Connect each element so it is understood the theme,
character, setting, and plot of the literary work.

19

1.3 Psychoanalytic Approach

Psychoanalytic theory refers to the definition of personality
organization and the dynamics of personality development that underlie
and guide the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapy, called
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. First laid
out by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has
undergone many refinements since his work. Psychoanalytic theory came
to full prominence in the last third of the twentieth century as part of the
flow of critical discourse regarding psychological treatments after the
1960s, long after Freud's death in 1939, and its validity is now widely
disputed or rejected. (Freud:1965)
Freud had ceased his analysis of the brain and his
physiological studies and shifted his focus to the study of the mind and the
related psychological attributes making up the mind, and on treatment
using free association and the phenomena of transference. His study
emphasized the recognition of childhood events that could potentially
influence the mental functioning of adults. His examination of the genetic
and then the developmental aspects gave the psychoanalytic theory its
characteristics. (Freud:1965)
Through the scope of a psychoanalytic lens, humans are
described as having sexual and aggressive drives. Psychoanalytic theorists
believe that human behavior is deterministic. It is governed by irrational
20

forces, and the unconscious, as well instinctual and biological drives. Due
to this deterministic nature, psychoanalytic theorists do not believe in free
will.
All psychoanalytic approaches to literature have one thing in
commonthe critics begin with a full psychological theory of how and why
people behave as they do, a theory that has been developed by a
psychologist/psychiatrist/psychoanalyst outside of the realm of literature,
and they apply this psychological theory as a standard to interpret and
evaluate a literary work. The developer of the theory and the details of the
theory will vary, but the theories are all universalist in scope, positing
patterns of behavior that are not dependent on specific times, places, and
cultures. Frequently invoked theorists include Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung,
and Jacques Lacan.

Because psychoanalytic theories have been developed outside the

realm of literature, they are not tied to a specific aesthetic theory and are
frequently coupled with other schools of literary criticism (e.g., feminist
psychoanalytic criticism, reader-response psychoanalytic criticism, etc.).

Psychoanalytic literary criticism can focus on one or more of the

following:

21

the author: the theory is used to analyze the author and his/her
life, and the literary work is seen to supply evidence for this analysis. This
is often called "psychobiography."
the characters: the theory is used to analyze one or more of the
characters; the psychological theory becomes a tool that to explain the
characters behavior and motivations. The more closely the theory seems
to apply to the characters, the more realistic the work appears.
the audience: the theory is used to explain the appeal of the work
for those who read it; the work is seen to embody universal human
psychological processes and motivations, to which the readers respond
more or less unconsciously.
the text: the theory is used to analyze the role of language and
symbolism in the work.
1.3.1 Structure Of Personality
Sigmund Freud determined that the personality consists of
three different elements, the id, the ego and the superego. The id is the
aspect of personality that is driven by internal and basic drives and needs.
These are typically instinctual, such as hunger, thirst, and the drive for sex,
or libido. The id acts in accordance with the pleasure principle, in that it
avoids pain and seeks pleasure. Due to the instinctual quality of the id, it is
impulsive and often unaware of implications of actions. The ego is driven
by reality principle. The ego works to balance both the id and superego. In
22

order to balance these, it works to achieve the id's drive in the most
realistic ways. It seeks to rationalize the id's instinct and please the drives
that will benefit the individual in the long term. It helps separate what is
real, and realistic of our drives as well as being realistic about the
standards that the superego sets for the individual.
The superego is driven by morality principle. It acts in connection
with the morality of higher thought and action. Instead of instinctively acting
like the id, the superego works to act in socially acceptable ways. It
employs morality, judging our sense of wrong and right and using guilt to
encourage socially acceptable behavior.
The writer conclude the correlation between this theory lies in the
approach immediately into the psyche of a character. where one character
that is the subject of research has properties that can be reviewed in depth
with the same aspect, namely the psyche. with this theory is expected
writer can obtain accurate analysis results and can be accounted.

23

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.1 Research Approach
The methods used in this research is descriptive qualitative
methods that is the data analyzed and the result of the analysis
forms description of phenomena, not the form of numbers or
coefficient about variables relationship. Data collected in the form of
words or pictures, not numbers.
The descriptive qualitative methods aim to reveal some
qualitative information through the detailed description to describe
carefully the properties of the thing (individual or group), the state of
phenomenon, and is not limited to data collection, but including the
analysis and interpretation. In this research, the writer reveals the
data in the form of words, phrases, expression, and sentences in
the novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert
Louis Stevenson and the problems are analyzed by using the

24

structural theory with psychoanalytic approachto analyzed the main

character.

1.2 Methods of Collecting Data

The techniques of data collection in this research use the
library research, learning and recording. The library research is the
technique using the written resource to obtain the dat1.1 Meanwhile
the learning and recording technique, the writer as the key
instrument carry out the learning carefully, directed and focused to
the primary data resource that is the literary work, the novel The
Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in order to obtain the data
needed and to the secondary data, its target in the form of article,
journals and biography of the novelist. The result of the learning
both the primary and secondary data then collected and recorded to
be used for the preparation of the research report in accordance
with the aims and objectives to be achieved.
The data used in this research, divided into two, as shown below:
1. Primary data

25

The primary data is the primary resource of research which is

directly processed through its sources without intermediary. The
primary data resource in this research is the text novel The Strange
Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson.
2. Secondary data
The secondary data is the source of data which is obtained
indirectly or intermediary but still based on the concept category. In
this research the secondary data resource is analysing data from
Nadia Maharani thesis.
3.

Supporting data
The writer take supporting data from article, journal, and
E-book..
1.2 Method of analyzing data
The technique used in this research is a qualitative technique.
The qualitative analysis can be classified into the descriptive
methods of which its application in the form of explaining,
describing, delivering, correcting, analyzing, and interpreting. The
technique of data analysis applied in this research is using the

26

semiotic model that is the heuristic reading technique. The heuristic

reading method is the working method carried out by the readers by
interpreting the referential literary text through the linguistic signs.
Through the heuristic reading, it produces the understanding
of meaning literally, explicitly and the actual meaning. (Nurgiyantoro,
2003:33). The next step is by applying the hermeneutic reading.
The technique is carried out to interpret the literary work clearly,
something which is obscure, unclear meaning becoming something
which is very clear, closure and can be understood. Hermeneutic is
the Greek word and it is a verb hermeneuein means to interpret, and
the noun hermeneia means interpretation. There are three forms of
hermeneutic

meaning

when

taking

the

form

of

the

verb

hermeneuein namely: (1) express the words for example to say, (2)
explain, like explaining the situation, (3) translate, such as a foreign
language translation.
Therefore the interpretation may refer to three different
issues: oral pronunciation, logical explanation and translation from
other language. The first step of the data analysis is by the heuristic
reading that is the writer interpret the text of the novel The Strange
Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde through the linguistic sign and
finding the meaning linguistically, by reading carefully every word,
27

sentence or the paragraph I the novel. It is used to find the

structures contained in the novel for the structural analysis.
In addition, it is also used to find the factors of duality of the
main character in this novel

The second stage the writer conducts

the hermeneutic reading thatis by interpreting the meaning of events

or events contained in the text of the novel The Strange Case of Dr.
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde so it can be found the factor of duality character
the story.
1.3 Procedures of the research
In this research, the writer did some step procedures. The steps are:
1. Read carefully the text of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll
and Mr. Hyde novel several times.
2. Determining the main problems and identify the problems
which is consist in the novel.
3. Limiting and formulating the problem that are going to be
analyzed
4. Collecting and classifying the dat1.1

28

5. Analyzing all the data

6. Make the conclusions

CHAPTER IV
Findings and Discussions
In this chapter the writer describe about the split personality in the
novel Dr. Jekyl and Mr.Hyde . The writer divided the analysis in to three
sections. The role of the main character in this novel is divided into two
properties , namely the protagonist and antagonist , and both these
properties are in one figure .
Here's the nature of good and bad which is owned by the main
characters in the novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Robert Louis Stevenson's work is successful found by the writer:
4.1 The analysis of main character
4.1.1 Dr. Jekyll
- Arrogant

29

"I was born in the year 18- to a large fortune, endowed

besides with excellent parts, inclined by nature to industry, fond
of the respect of the wise and good Among my fellowmen, and
Tus, - Might have been supposed, with every guarantee of an
honorable and distinguished future. And (Stevenson, 1993: 48)

In the two quotes above illustrate that Dr. Jekyll was a born to a
wealthy family that he regarded as a good luck. such as Dr Jekyll,
representing the upper class society with abundant treasures and
intelligence and its higher education, making him a highly respected in
society in Victorian times in England. In order to stay awake honor, he
should can keep yourself from despicable acts such as killing,
stealing.Although in his youth, Dr. Jekyll known for being quite naughty. But
he kept his family's honor, on the other hand in this novella nature This
naughty precisely described by Mr. Utterson in the quote below.
- Naughty
"He was wild when he was young" said Utterson.
Delinquency is described by his lawyer friend once more refer the
ambitions of Dr. Jekyll itself. Because he is a doctor of chemistry, then he
only works in laboratory and through the work that he started doing various
experiments that do not make sense. Such as creating a serum for divided
good and bad side in him.

30

- good person
Dr Jekyll in this novella is described as a man who is very good against
every one. The nature of good looks when he gives authority over his
house to Mr.Hyde. The good properties that can be seen from the following
quote:
"On the other side, I Announced to my Servants that a Mr.
Hyde (Whom I described)was to have full liberty and power
about my house in the square; "
- Liar
Liars also one of the properties owned by Dr. Jekyll, such as
contained in the following passage, he tried to cover up who the figure Mr.
Hyde actually when authorities conducting an investigation of some strange
events which occurred in London where Dr. Jekyll stay.
"" ... I [Dr. Jekyll] swear to God I will never set eyes on him again.
I bind myhonor to you that I am done with him in this world ".
- Friendly
Dr Jekyll is also described as being very friendly, seemingly of
contents Lanyon letter to his friend.
"10th December, 18 31

"DEAR Lanyon, You are one of my oldest friends; and

Although we may have differed at times on scientific questions, I
can not remember, at least on my side, any break in our
affection. "
- Clever
Skill Dr. Jekyll also looks title described by the narrator that he is a very
smart man. Title given by this narrator is an overview of the level of genius
Dr. Jekyll in his field.
"Henry Jekyll, MD, DCL, LL.D., FRS, ... etc.
- Ambitious
As a human being, of course Dr. Jekyll has weaknesses. one of the Its
main weakness is an attempt to separate the good and bad qualities in him
with the intention that can maintain its good name in the public eye.
concerns
and the uncomfortable feeling in his mind, making his soul pressed, until
he feel that they are not true, that there is a power in her turbulent wanted
come to the surface. It is constantly terrorized, sharpen his senses, and
weaken their minds. He speculated, have concluded that he had personally
The second, who wants to take part in his life, the evil side of her that did
not want dwell in the subconscious. Then one day, he experimented

32

created a strange concoction and try it on himself midnight. The Result

surprise, he found himself not himself anymore, but another figure himself,
the second person of evil, which will eventually take over her completely.
Personal vile named Edward Hyde!
"I had learned to dwell with pleasure, as a beloved daydream. on thethought of the separation of Reviews These
elements. If each, I told myself, could but be housed in separate
identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable; the
Unjust Might go his way, delivered from the aspirations and
remorse of his more upright twin; and the MST could walk
steadfastly and securely on his upward path, domg the good
things in the which befound his pleasure, and no longer exposed
to disgrace and Penitence by the hands of this extraneous evil. It
was the curse of that mankind Reviews These Tus incongruous
fagots were bound together-that in the agonized womb of
consciousness Reviews These polar twins should be continuously
struggling. How, then, were they dissociated? (Stevenson, 1993:
48-49) "

4.1.2 Mr. Hyde

- Mysterious
"Never heard of him, since my time". Lanyon said.

33

Not many know the figure of Mr. Hyde is included Dr. Lanyon
asfriend of Dr. Jekyll, could almost be said only Dr. Jekyll himself who
knows of who Mr. Hyde was real. Because Mr. Hyde is a figure that
hiding behind Dr. Jekyll kind. So to be able to find him just when he has to
transform souls through serum that has been created through an
experiment that has been done for him was his laboratory, even a close
friend had never heard of a figure named Mr. Hyde
"He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong
with his appearance; something displeasing, something
downright detestable. I never PBUH a man Iso disliked, and
yet I scarce know why "
- Rough
Coarse also part of this main character, is evident from the words
against Mr. Utterson contained in the following passage.
"Common friends?" Echoed Mr. Hyde a little hoarsely.
- Grumpy
One of the properties that become habits Mr. Hyde described by
Stevenson Hyde is that the figure is someone who is very easy to get angry
and offended.
"He never told you!" Cried Mr.Hyde with a flush of anger.
From the quote above authors concluded that this hyde very rough figure
of the way he spoke with others. He did not like the preamble to anyone.

4.2 The factors affect of the behavior change of the main character

34

In this section the writer analyzed about the factors of behavior

change of the main character in this novella. the write analyzes the factors
that make Dr. Jekyll turns into a figure mr.hyde nature very cruel, in this
study the writer concluded that the factors that make these changes in
because the trouble of dr Jekyll experiment ,he is a doctor of chemistry,
then he only works in laboratory and through the work that he started doing
various experiments that do not make sense. Such as creating a serum for
divided good and bad side in him, and from his experiment he made one
side from him self with named Mr. Edward Hyde.
4.3 Negative impact in the story
Negative impact of an experiment conducted by Dr. Jekyll is the
number of people hurt and killed by the other side of Dr. Jekyll, Mr Hyde.
There was something queer about that gentleman
something that gave a man a turnyou felt it in your marrow
kind of cold and thinit went down my spine like ice"
(Stevenson 39).
This statement describes an encounter with Mr. Hyde of Robert
Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and it
describes just one of the many fearful reactions caused by this man. Since
the story's publication, its plotline has become commonly known. In
conjunction, Mr. Hyde's position as a frightening villain or monster is also

35

widely accepted, but is this position really understood? Why is Mr. Hyde so
terrifying, causing literally chilling reactions for other characters in the
book? Some would suggest that Hyde is simply evil and that is what scares
us, but such an answer doesn't explain why the sight of Hyde is terrifying.
Evil after all isn't visible. Or is it? In both literature and film villains and
monsters are shown to be evil not simply through horrible deeds, but also
through visible disfigurement or impairment. Indeed, physical disability has
come to signify deviance in our culture (LaCom 547). Perhaps this is where
the answer to the fear of Mr. Hyde lies. In looking closely at the text through
a critical disability studies lens, it appears that Mr. Hyde is not only
frightening because he is evil which causes his unidentifiable disability, but
also because he appears outside of the typical controlled contexts that
people with disabilities are expected to be in. Combined, three factors
result in the terror that Mr. Hyde infamously causes for the story's
characters and readers alike.

Mr. Edward Hyde is a part of Dr. Henry Jekyll. He is, as Dr. Jekyll
himself puts it, "the evil side of [Jekyll's] nature" brought into existence by a
mysterious drink created in Jekyll's laboratory (Stevenson 55). Mr. Hyde is
the embodiment of unfulfilled desires and experiences that Jekyll must
forgo in order to be a reputable member of society. By consuming the
36

color-changing drink, however, Dr. Jekyll is able to temporarily be Mr. Hyde.

By undergoing this change, Jekyll as Hyde can live out his evil or selfish
desires and, after returning to himself, fix whatever horrible things Hyde
has done. It's a form of escape that seems at first truly ideal: Jekyll lives a
seemingly perfect life and gets his kicks in an entirely different body and
life. As Dr. Jekyll puts it, "all human beings, as we meet them, are
commingled out of good and evil and Edward Hyde alone in the ranks of
man, was pure evil" and "that child of Hell had nothing human; nothing
lived in him but fear and hatred" (55, 63). As this quotation shows, Mr.
Hyde is characterized in absolutes and in intensely negative terms. He is
described as having "complete moral insensibility and insensate readiness
to evil" (60).

In the course of the text, however, Mr. Hyde is only seen to do two
real acts of evil. He first tramples a small girl (after which she lives and he
gives the family a retribution check) and he later kills an innocent elderly
gentleman. Granted, these are not two easily forgotten acts, but are they
enough to result in the description of Hyde as "wholly evil" (55) or the
statement that "if I ever read Satan's signature upon a face it is on that of
[Mr. Hyde]" (16)? One must wonder how people can be so sure about him,
and perhaps ask what else there is about Mr. Hyde that makes "the look of
37

him, even at a distance, [go] somehow strongly against the watcher's

inclination" (14). There must be something more in order for a man to say
that one look from Hyde "brought out the sweat on me like running" (7). In
a closer look at the text one finds that in addition to characterizations of
evil, it is also said that there is a "haunting sense of unexpressed
deformity" (23) about Mr. Hyde. It is in such descriptions as this where the
concept of disability begins to factor into what makes Mr. Hyde so scary.

In the appendix of Martha Stoddard Holmes' Fictions of Affliction, Mr.

Hyde is listed among the characters with "unspecified disabilities" (Holmes
199). Such a category is appropriate because while there are several
references to Mr. Hyde as being "deformed somewhere" or of giving "an
impression of deformity," nothing specific about this deformity is ever stated
(Stevenson 9, 15). This lack of detail may be difficult for a television- and
movie-oriented audience in need of descriptive images, but it probably
would not have been significant or impeding for Victorian readers. As
Holmes states in her introduction, Victorians did not particularly distinguish
between mental and physical disability; rather, most people assumed a
"meshing" of mind and body, where the two were equally connected as well
as equally healthy or ill (13). Therefore, Mr. Hyde did not need a particular

38

physical or mental trait, to be considered disabled, but only the suggestion

of one.

Physical deformity or impairment has often been traditionally seen

as connected to a bad mental or spiritual state of being. This connection,
within disability studies, is referred to as the moral model of disability. This
model of, or attitude toward, disability is not necessarily a conscious
choice, but simply the fact that "somewhere in the backs of our minds we
associate disabilities with sin, evil and danger" (Bowe 109). This attitude
appears in the text in reference to Mr. Hyde as in the statement that "evil
had left on that body an imprint of deformity and decay" (Stevenson 55).
Just as Victorians did not particularly distinguish between mind and body,
the moral model does not regulate which comes first, the evil or the
disability. As a result it is not clear if Hyde is disabled because he is evil or
if he is evil because he is disabled. The two are not necessarily perceived
to be the same, but are so intensely linked in the back of our minds that it
becomes hard to not make the assumption of their coexistence. Given this
societal connection between evil and disability, it is important to now
explore disability adds another layer of fear and aversion toward Mr. Hyde
that is not present when viewing him as simply evil.

39

In Victorian England, and still somewhat today as well, the male

body is, as James Adams explains it, a "central locus of masculine
authority," meaning a man's "status thus derives from, and is made visible
in, his body" (Adams 151, 152). In a time when "athleticism and physical
stamina" were associated with "true masculinity and moral strength," the
disabled body was considered unmanly, and often un-human (LaCom 547).
Throughout Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is referred
to in ways that take away not only his manhood, but his personhood as
well. For example, Mr. Enfield states "It wasn't like a man; it was like some
damned Juggernaut" (Stevenson 7). Mr. Utterson declares that Mr. Hyde
"seems hardly human!" (16). Dr. Lanyon calls him "a disgustful curiosity"
(48). Through such descriptions, Mr. Hyde becomes not a man, not a
person, but some thing to be feared and hated. It is through viewing Mr.
Hyde's disabled body as monstrous and sub-human that Dr. Lanyon can
state that "there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very
essence of the creature that now faced me something seizing, surprising
and revolting" (48). It is also through this view that the disabled body
becomes something to fear, for it not only represents evil as already
established, but as deviance, the unexplainable and the unknown.

40

Despite seeing people with disabilities as abnormal or inhuman and

associating them with sin or evil, Victorians did not always necessarily fear
them in the way Stevenson's characters and readers fear Mr. Hyde.
English society at the time had ways of exerting legal and social control in
order to keep people with disabilities contained thus subduing the instinct
to fear them. By keeping people with disabilities in prisons, workhouses
and freak shows Victorian society created a boundary between the
"normal" and the "abnormal," allowing those on the normal side to feel safe
from the possible evil and monstrosity of the abnormal (LaCom 548, 550).
In Victorian England, people with disabilities "were decidedly constituted as
a social problem in need of a program of management" (Holmes 191)
which often took a paternalistic form such as "in factories and workhouses,
where managers often described their employees and inmates as children
and themselves as father figures" (LaCom 551).

Echoes of such paternalism exist between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,
where Dr. Jekyll claims to have "had more than a father's interest" while he
says "Hyde had more than a son's indifference" (Stevenson 59). Mr. Hyde,
however, rejected Dr. Jekyll as a controlling father figure, coming into
existence without Jekyll's permission while he slept. As Dr. Jekyll puts it, "I
was slowly losing hold of my original and better self, and becoming slowly
41

incorporated with my second and worse" (59). In short, Hyde was taking
over. He was rejecting Dr. Jekyll as a father figure. Rather than being
confined and controlled, as people with disabilities were at the time, Mr.
Hyde crossed the boundaries and dared to enter "normal" society and
wreak whatever havoc he could on those who mocked, feared or rejected
him. The "murderous mixture of timidity and boldness" (15) ascribed to Mr.
Hyde early in the text eventually becomes pure boldness and inability to be
socially controlled. This rejection of rules, this crossing of boundaries, is the
final cause of the fear of Mr. Hyde. The fact that he can be free with his
uncontrolled, evil, disabled body, and that "normal" society is potentially no
longer safe from him, is terrifying to characters in the stories, to readers
then, and to a degree one may or may not wish to admit readers now as
well.

It can now be concluded that what causes a man to feel "a shudder
in his blood" (16) in the presence of Mr. Hyde is not simply one aspect of
his character. Instead, it is the combination of evil, disability and inability to
be controlled that makes Mr. Hyde so scary to characters in and readers of
Stevenson's tale, even today. Evilness creates Hyde's disabled body (or
vice versa) and when he, an evil, disabled, sub-human becomes
uncontrolled, it is terrifying. Mr. Hyde crosses the boundaries that protect
42

"us" from "them." But there is one more description of Hyde, the most indepth portrayal in the book, which has yet to be explored. It reads:

Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of

deformity without any nameable malformation, he had a displeasing smile,
he had borne himself to the lawyer with a sort of murderous mixture of
timidity and boldness, and he spoke with a husky, whispering and
somewhat broken voice; all these points were against him, but not all of
these together could explain the hitherto unknown disgust, loathing and
fear with which Mr. Utterson regarded him. "There must be something
else." said the perplexed gentleman. (Stevenson 15-16)

Here Hyde is acknowledged as possibly evil, possibly disabled and

possibly capable of murder, yet even in recognizing all three factors,
Utterson feels there is something else that is disturbing him. It could be that
once Utterson realizes all three of these things are true about Hyde, his
fears have been legitimized, but there is another possible reading as well.
Perhaps this "something else" cannot be found in the character of Mr. Hyde
at all, but in Mr. Utterson himself, in non-disabled society, in ourselves. If
the combination of evil, disability and inability to be controlled does not fully

43

explain the viewer's fear, could it be then that the possibility of uncontrolled
evil and disability in all of us causes the multi-layered fear of Mr. Hyde?
Perhaps, it is not Mr. Hyde we're scared of at all, but the parts of ourselves
we fail to recognize, yet know we contain.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this chapter the writer presented the conclusion from out put of
study about the split personality in stevensons novella Mr.Hyde and
Dr.Jekyll. the writer also presented the conclusions for this study.
5.1 Conclusion.
The story tell about a London lawyer named Gabriel John Utterson
who investigates strange occurrences between his old friend, Dr. Henry
Jekyll, and the evil Edward Hyde. The novella's impact is such that it has
become a part of the language, with the very phrase "Jekyll and Hyde"
coming to mean a person who is vastly different in moral character from
one situation to the next.

44

In this study the writer focused to analyzed the split personality in

the main character on this novella, the writer used structual approach with
psychoanalitic approach of structure of personality for this study. Then the
methods used in this research is descriptive qualitative methods that is the
data

analyzed and the result of the analysis forms description of

phenomena, not the form of numbers or coefficient about variables

relationship. Data collected in the form of words or pictures, not numbers.
The descriptive qualitative methods aim to reveal some qualitative
information through the detailed description to describe carefully the
properties of the thing (individual or group), the state of phenomenon, and
is not limited to data collection, but including the analysis and
interpretation. In this research, the writer reveals the data in the form of
words, phrases, expression, and sentences in the novel The Strange Case
of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and the problems
are analyzed by used the structural theory with psychoanalytic approachto
analyzed the main character.
From the discussion in the chapter above the writer found several
result. From the result of study the writer made the conclusion. The first the
writer concluded about the change of the main character in the novella. In
this case Dr.Jekyll who the good person transform to Mr.Hyde the evil
person. This happen because the Dr.Jekyll created a serum to divide him
45

self into two character bad and good person. Dr.Jekyll knows about the
other person in him self, but he hide the fact from public and the
consecuence from his experiment are many people killed by Mr.Hyde.
In the next conclusion about the factor affect of behaviour change of
Dr.Jekyll. the writer conclude Dr.Jekyll made the trobule from his
experiment he made a monster called Mr.Hyde and as a result of his
experiments are a lot of people who have died in tragic and misterious.
The last is about negative impact in the story the writer concluded
negative impact of an experiments concluded by Dr.Jekyll is the number of
people hurt and killed by the other side of Dr.jekyll, Mr.Hyde. this statement
describes an encounter

with Mr.Hyde of Robert Louis Stevensons

Strange Case Of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde and it describe just one of the
many fearful reactions caused by this man. Since the story publication, its
plotline has become commonly known.
5.2 Suggestion
The suggestion from the writer of the research on the character
Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde in the novel the strange case of Mr.Hyde and
Dr.Jekyll is when doing something research related to split personalitation
of character in literature, need to do a observation about the condition
physological aspect in main character on the story.

46

The other suggestion about how the methods used at the time of
researching a literary work by taking the physological side of the main
figures in the literature, Structural genetic theory is very suitable for the
analysis. So the research result are in accordance with the meaning of get
the contents of the literature

47