10/26/2016

IEBWireframe

Page195
ChapterReview
Importantdefinitions,concepts,andequationsofthischapteraresummarized.Forequationsand/orconcepts
thatarenotclear,youshouldrefertotheoriginalequationnumberscitedforadditionaldetails.
Equilibriumofaparticle
Aparticleisinstaticequilibriumif

Theabovesummationsmustincludeallforcesappliedtotheparticle.Forequilibriumofasystemofparticles,
theaboveequilibriumequationsarewrittenforeachparticle,andthentheresultingsystemofsimultaneous
equationsissolved.
Freebodydiagram.Thefreebodydiagram(FBD)isanessentialaidforhelpingensurethatallforcesapplied
toaparticleareaccountedforwhenyouwriteequationsofequilibrium.WhenyoudrawanFBD,itishelpfulto
imagineenclosingtheparticlebyaclosedlineintwodimensions,oraclosedsurfaceinthreedimensions.
Whereverthecutpassesthroughastructuralmember,theforcessupportedbythatmembermustbeintroduced
intheFBD.Whereverthecutpassesthroughasupport,thereactionforcesthatthesupportappliestotheparticle
mustbeintroducedintheFBD.
Cables,bars,pulleys,andsprings
Cablesandbars.Cablesandstraightbarsarestructuralmembersthatsupportforcesthatarecollinearwiththeir
axis.Weassumecablesmaysupporttensileforcesonlyandmaybefreelybent,suchaswhenwrappedarounda
pulley.Weusuallyassumecableshavenegligibleweight.Barsmaysupportbothtensileandcompressiveforces.
Pulleys.Apulleyisadevicethatchangesthedirectionofacable,andhence,changesthedirectionoftheforce
thatissupportedbythecable.Ifthepulleyisfrictionlessandthecableisweightless,thenthemagnitudeofthe
forcethroughoutthecableisuniform.

HelpfulInformation
Springlawsignconventions.ThesignconventionsforthespringlawgiveninEq.(3.18)areasfollows:

Springs.BehaviorofalinearelasticspringisshowninFig.3.22andisdescribedbythespringlaw

http://textflow.mheducation.com/parser.php?secload=S3.5&fake&print

1/2

10/26/2016

IEBWireframe

wherekisthespringstiffness(units:force/length),istheelongationofthespringfromitsunstretchedlength,
L0istheinitial(unstretched)springlength,andListhefinalspringlength.Insolvingproblemswithsprings,
oneoftheformsofEq.(3.18)willusuallybemoreconvenientthantheother,dependingonwhatdatais
provided.TheseequationsarewrittenwiththeconventionthatpositivevaluesofforceFscorrespondtotension
andpositivevaluesofcorrespondtoelongation.Otherconventionsarepossible,suchasforcebeingpositivein
compressionand/ordeformationbeingpositiveincontraction,butitmaybenecessarytointroduceanegative
signontherighthandsideofEq.(3.18),asdescribedinSection3.2.

Figure3.22
Figure3.22Springlawforalinearelasticspring.
Page196
Summingforcesindirectionsotherthanx,y,orz
Tosumforcesinadirection ,wetakethedotproductofallvectorsintheexpression
vector*
toobtain

Useof

withtheunit

isespeciallyconvenientwhenitisknownthatsomeforcesareperpendicularto

Allowableload
Allowableloads,sometimescalledworkingloads,areforcesstructuralcomponentscansafelybesubjectedto,
andtheyareobtainedbydividingthefailurestrengthofamemberbyafactorofsafety.Thus,

*BecausetherighthandsideofEq.(3.22)iszero,aunitvectorinthedirectionof isnotneeded,andwecould
justaswellevaluate

http://textflow.mheducation.com/parser.php?secload=S3.5&fake&print

2/2