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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
covers research design, research subjects, data collection, and data analysis.
of social interactions in daily life and with how the participants give meaning to
grounded in the lived experiences of people" (Marshall and Rossman 2006, p.2).
Qualitative research aim is to maintain the shape and content of human behavior
and analyze its qualities. Actual speech, gestures, and other social action is a
researcher such as Elkhafaifi (2005), who states that more empirical studies and
different kinds of investigation could reveal useful insights into what students
learn. For example, exploration of affective states (like anxiety) and similar
Eventually, the writer chooses qualitative research because this study was
intended to answer the following questions: (1) What are the causes of students
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strategies are used by English teacher to overcome students anxiety in English
The subject of this study were the seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri
program III at SMP Negeri 18 Malang, he found that some students had
English. In this study, the writer choose the seventh-grade students because this is
the time when they are having a transition from Elementary School to Junior High
School which trigger them to speak in English more often. In this case, students
should brave enough to speak up in front of the classroom using English. Thus,
the writer can investigate the cause of anxiety especially in English speaking class
The next step is to choose the technique of data collection that will be
used. The technique of collecting data is the way the researcher do for collecting
the data in the research. Therefore, the reseracher use some techniques, those are
3.3.1 Observation
recording the event, counting, measuring and writing it. Arikunto states that the
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most effective observation method is filling observation form as the instrument,
Kellinger (in Arikunto, 2006). There are three kinds of observation namely
observation demands first hand involvement in the social world chosen for study
observation study, researcher do not participate in the activity being observed but
rather sit on the side lines and watch; they are not directly involved in the
individuals in their natural setting (Fraenkel and Wellen, 2007). In this study, the
did not take part in the classroom activity or acted non-participant observer. The
researcher only sat in the class in order to observe and compile the data by writing
instrument for collecting data. It was provided for observing the students
behaviour and also their activities in which it may indicate the language anxiety in
English class.
3.3.2 Questionnaire
non- face- to- face situation; question are usually focused on specific information.
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(Margono, 2007). Moreover, according to Arikunto (2002), questionaire was
written question that were used to get information from the respondent.
The questionnaire was used to gain the data from the students. The
understanding in language anxiety and how they can reduce their language
questions are not followed by any choices and the respondent must answer by
respondents are feeling by write down a short text. Open ended questionnaire used
to get the students response about the factor behind their anxiety and their
3.3.3 Interview
interview are : to get more information, especially related with someones privacy,
to get the information what we want sooner, to make sure that all the data is from
the real source (validity and reability), and the respondent is more flexible in
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giving the information. Interview is also used to support or complete the data
interview and unstructured interviews. The type of interview used in this research
was structured interview. It means that the lists of questions were prepared to get
the information. In the interview, a list of questions was prepared and used as the
guide of interview. In this research interview was conducted with the English
There were some steps applied by the researcher in collecting the data. The
Analysis involves regulating the data, finding what is prominent and take a
consideration what will be showed as a result. The data of the study were analyzed
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qualitatively by using descriptive analysis. The steps of data analysis process after
1. Gathering all the data from the notes of observation, questionnaire, and
interview;
3. Classifying the data based on the factors causing language anxiety and teacher
strategies;
4. Describing the data based on the factors causing language anxiety and teacher
strategies;
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