NAME : LEONG WEI JIE

53106114010
: AMER ASYRAF BIN AZRUELL AZLAN
53106114443
CLASS : 3 AEM 2
SUBJECT : ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (MECHANICAL)
SUBJECT CODE : AKD 20102
LECTURER : ROSLAM BIN IDERIS
PRACTICAL : DIODE
Objectives:
1. To describe the operation of forward and reverse bias in a diode.
2. To describe the schematic symbol for a diode.
Problem Statement:
1. How does the operation of forward and reverse bias work in a diode?
2. How does the schematic symbol for a diode to be described?
Procedure:
1. The experiment is separated into two parts:
a. Forward and Reverse Diode Bias for DC Power Control
b. Diode used for AC Power Control
2. Diode Biasing Part 1
a. The circuit was wired as per shown in the diagram in the practical
sheet.
b. The below circuit shows two diodes although only one is used at a
time, depending on the position of the Switch A.
i. Diode D1 is Forward Biased when Switch A is UP.
ii. Diode D2 is Reverse Biased when Switch A is DOWN.
3. Biasing
a. Switch A has been set up, placing diode D1 in the circuit.
i. <Q1> The lamp is on and the diode is therefore:
- Forward Biased
4. Forward Bias Polarity
a. <Q2> When the diode is forward biased, the relative polarity of the
applied voltages are:
- Positive on the Anode and Negative on the Cathode.
5. Forward Bias Voltage
a. When the Diode is Forward Biased, it is not like a perfect switch. There
is a small voltage drop across the diode.
i. A voltmeter has been used to measure the voltage drop across
diode D1.
b. <Q3> The output voltage across the forward biased diode D1 is closest
to:
- 0.6 volts
6. Forward Bias Voltage Data
a. When the diode is forward biased, current will flow and nearly the full
voltage applied is across the lamp, but there is a small voltage across
the diode.
i. A voltmeter has been used and recorded for the forward biased
Diode voltage.
ii. <Data 1> Forward Bias Voltage Drop, VF = 0.72 VOLTS
7. Bias Voltage
a. Lamp (L2) have been seen turned on with approximately 0.6 to 0.7
volts across the forward biased diode.
8. Diode Actions
a. Switch A has been set down for a reverse bias on Diode D2 and the
lamps have been observed.
 b. The forward and reverse bias observations have been recorded.
i. <Data 2> Diode Forward Bias, Anode (+), Lamp is ON.
ii. <Data 3> Diode Reverse Bias, Cathode (-), Lamp is OFF.
9. AC Power Control Part II
a. The previous circuit in Part 1 used a DC voltage to control the lamps.
An AC Voltage as in figure (m) has positive and then negative voltages.
The diode in an AC circuit will only conduct half the time and only pass
half the voltage or current to the lamp and thus result in half the
brightness.
b. The above circuit Switch B selects a direct connection or the diode and
is very popular as a Lamp Dimmer.
c. Do not use the transformer ground.
d. The dimmer circuit has been wired as shown in the practical sheet:
10. AC Diode Dimmer Control
a. Switch B has been set UP and Down a couple of times.
b. When Switch B has been set UP, the diode only allows the current to
pass in one direction through the lamp.
c. Thus, current flows through the lamp only half the time, and the lamp
appears to be dim.
11. AC Voltages
a. The panel on the AC Voltage scale has been used as shown the figure
above.
b. The AC Voltages with and without the diode has been read in the
circuit.
i. <Data 4> AC with diode, DIM, VL = 1 VAC
ii. <Data 5> AC Direct, VL = 5 VAC

Assignment / Discussion
<Q4> When a diode is reverse biased, it is:
- Connected so that DC does not follow easily through it.
<Q5> In an AC circuit a diode:
- Allows current to flow only half the time.
<Q6> The voltage drop across a Silicon Diode is closest to:
- 0.7 volts