REMARKS/ANALYSIS OF DATA

Based on Table A, titled the Determination of Focal Length using an Object at Infinity; in
using lens 1 and lens 2, we noticed that the image distance is equal to the focal length and by
comparing the distances and focal length in lens 1 and lens 2, as the image distance gets the
longer the focal length increases.

In Table B, titled the Determination of Focal Length using an Object at a Finite Distance;
the object distance in position 1 and the image distance in position 2 are the same on the two
lenses. So, the focal length of the lens 1 and 2 does not change even if the value of the object and
image distance interchange. So, the greater the object and image distance the larger also the
resulting focal length.

In Table C, titled the Determination of Focal Length (Lens 1 or Lens 2) using Graphical
Technique; the lens used by our group is the one with 20cm focal length. The reciprocal of the
focal length serves as the x and y intercept of the graph. So, as the gap between the screen and
light source increases, and as the object distance in position 1 decreases and the image distance
increases, the height or the size of the image reflected increases. While in position 2, as the
object distance increases and the image distance decreases the size of the image decreases.
Additionally, the magnification of the image and object distance is greater than the magnification
on the image and object size.

There were a few things that affect the experiment that results in an error. In the first part
of the experiment we do it correctly because we got a zero percent error. But in the latter part of
the experiment, the error ranges from 0% to 6.19%, which is still acceptable and can be
considered as a minimal error. The factor that causes the error is the measurement or in
measuring the distance of the object using the optical bench, there will always be a small
difference in the measurement.
CONCLUSION

The objective of this experiment is to determine the focal length of a convex lens using
different locations of the object and using the graphical method. We were able to determine the
focal length with an object at infinity and at a certain or finite distance; also, we were able to
determine the focal length using the graphical method by getting the x and y intercepts.

Based on the data gathered, if the objects distance is at infinity, the image distance is the
same as the focal length. Also, the image distance is directly proportional to the focal length, as
the image distance increases the focal length also increases. While in the object is at a certain or
finite distance, it simply shows that even if the object and the image distance interchange the
s s'
magnitude of the focal length will remain the same. The equation f = s+ s ' is used to calculate

the focal length, where is s is the object distance and s is the image distance. Moreover, in using
the graphical technique, we observed that the height of the image is directly proportional to the
image distance but inversely proportional to the object distance. Therefore, as the object distance
increases, the size of the image became smaller, while if the image distance increases, the image
size also increases or gets bigger. In graphical method, the value of x and y intercept are equal
with each other, it can be calculated by getting the reciprocal of the focal length or by using this
1
formula f . In magnification, the image and object magnification is less than or smaller than

the magnification of the image and object size. The image and object magnification can be
'
s
obtained by the formula s , and to obtained the magnification of the image and object size

h1
we used m= h0 , where h1 is the image size and h0 is the object size.

The experiment Refraction from a Spherical Surface: Thin Lens has an application to
our daily life. Some applications on refraction from a spherical surface are the human eye. Also
the droplets of water where the light rays refracted through the curves of the droplet. One
example of the application of refraction on thin lenses is the eye glasses we wear while reading
or viewing the blurry things because the lenses of the eyeglasses are not that much thick as
compared to the image distance and object distance.