Angular 2 - A Guide For Beginners - DZone Web Dev

6/15/2016 Angular2:AGuideforBeginnersDZoneWebDev
Angular2:AGuidefor
Beginners
(/users/999973/juristr.html)by
JuriStrumpflohner(/users/999973/juristr.html)
Jun.07,16WebDevZone(/webdevelopmentprogrammingtutorialstools
news)
Like(17) Comment(0) Save Tweet 9,142Views
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intoyourwebandmobileapplications.DownloadthisForresterreport
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Forabouthalfayear,I'vebeenorganizingalocalMeetupgrouparound
SoftwareCraftsmanship(http://www.meetup.com/Software
CraftsmanshipSouthTyrol/).Irecentlyalsopublishedavideocourseon
"LearningAngular2Directives"
(http://juristr.com/blog/2016/04/learningangular2directivescourse/)
andgiventhatAngular2finallyreleasedRC1,Idecidedtoorganizea
MeetupsessiontointroduceAngular2toourmembers.
(https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sgIjSzDVrc2VDpQr6OGZ7rP
GMnSV_TSvLFDVvGi3yB0/edit?usp=sharing)
https://dzone.com/articles/angular2agettingstartedguideforbeginners?edition=154268&utm_source=Weekly%20Digest&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=wd%2020160615 1/35
GMnSV_TSvLFDVvGi3yB0/edit?usp=sharing)
Clicktogetaccesstotheslides
(https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sgIjSzDVrc2VDpQr6OGZ7rPGMnSV_TSv
LFDVvGi3yB0/edit?usp=sharing)
Intro
ThisarticleisforthoseofyouwhoarenewtoAngular2oreventoweb
developmentingeneral.Here,Imgoingtogiveyouagoodoverviewof
whatAngular2isallabout,highlightingsomeofthemainconcepts
behind.Theideaistogiveyouagoodstartingpoint.
IfyoudidalreadysomecodingexamplesinAngular2,thenImprobably
goingtoboreyou.
ButmaybeyouwanttodivedeeperwithmyLearningAngular2
Directivesvideocourse(http://juristr.com/blog/2016/06/ng2getting
startedforbeginners/)Irecentlypublished.
BigPicture
Heresasimpleclassificationoftodayswebapplicationarchitectures.
Inserversiderenderedapplications,mostoftheapplicationslogic
residesandremainsontheserver.TheuserbasicallyenterstheURL,the
requestgetssenttotheserver,whichthenproducesthefinalHTML
containingtherequesteddataandsendsthatbacktothebrowserwhich
simplyrendersitout.Whentheuserinteractswiththepage,thatrequest
againgetssenttotheserver,whichinturngeneratesanewHTMLpage
andservesitbacktothebrowser.
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintroangular2/server
siderendering.png)
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintroangular2/server
siderendering.png)
Thisishowthewebhasbeendesigned,aperfectlyvalidmodelthatmany
pagesstillusetoday.
Butmodernwebpagesareoftenrequiredtoworkmorelikeapplications
doonthedesktop.Peopledemandamuchbetteruserexperience,more
interactivity,fasttransitionsbetweenpagesandevenoffline
capabilities.ThatswherethesocalledSPAs(SinglePageApplications)
comeintoplay.
WhentheuserenterstheURL,thewebserverrespondswithanHTML
page,butalsowithasetofresources(JavaScriptfilesandimages)that
makeupourclientsideapplication.Thebrowserreceivesthat,loadsthe
JavaScriptapplicationandbootsit.Nowitsthejobofthatapplication
todynamicallygeneratetheuserinterface(HTML)basedonthedata,
rightfromwithinthebrowser.Afterthathappens,everynewuseraction
doesntreloadtheentirewebsiteagain,butratherthedataforthat
doesntreloadtheentirewebsiteagain,butratherthedataforthat
specificuserinteractionissenttotheserver(usuallybyusingtheJSON
format)andtheserver,inturn,respondswithonlythedatarequestedby
theJavaScriptclient,againusingJSON(normally).TheJavaScript
applicationgetsthedata,parsesitanddynamicallygeneratesHTML
codewhichisshowntotheuser.
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintroangular2/client
siderendering.png)
Asyoucansee,theamountofdatathatisbeingexchangedisoptimized.
However,abigdownsideofsuchtypeofapplicationsisthatthestartup
timeisusuallymuchlonger.Youmightalreadyhavefiguredwhy:The
browserdoesntgettheHTMLcodetoshow,butratherabunchof
JavaScriptfilesthatneedtobeinterpretedandexecuted,whichthen
generatesthefinalHTMLtobeshowntotheuser.
I'dliketoshowyousomeexamplesofthethirdtypeofwebapplication
Idliketoshowyou.Asyoumightguess,itaimsattakingthebestofthe
serversiderenderedwebappsandSPAs.
Inanutshell,whentheuserenterstheURL,theserverloadsthe
JavaScriptapplicationontheserverside,bootsitupandthendelivers
thealready(bytheJavaScriptapp)prerenderedHTMLplusthe
JavaScriptappitselfbacktotheclient.There,thebrowserinterpretsthe
JSappandrunsit,whichhastobeintelligentenoughtoresumewhere
theserverhasleftoff.
Theadvantageisobvious:Yougetfaststartuptimesandthebenefitofa
SPAasmentionedbefore.
SPAasmentionedbefore.
WhyAngular2?WhatsDifferent?
Ok,letsgettothemeat.WhyshouldyoubeinterestedinAngular2?
HereareacoupleofthingsIpickedupmainlyfromBradGreen
(https://twitter.com/bradlygreen)andothercorememberstalksfroma
coupleofthelatestconferences.
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintroangular2/angular2
platform.jpeg)
AthiskeynoteatNgConf2016(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=gdlpE9vPQFs),BradGreennamedAngular2aplatformrather
thanalibraryorframework.Themainreasonisthatitissplitupinto
modularpiecesbuiltuponeachother,someofwhichcanevenbeused
outsidetheAngularecosystem.
Therearesomebuildingblocks,likethedependencyinjection,decorator
support,zone.js(https://github.com/angular/zone.js/)(whichcanbe
usedcompletelyindependentlyfromAngularandiscurrentlyunder
discussionatstage0atTC39
discussionatstage0atTC39
(https://github.com/tc39/proposals/blob/master/stage0proposals.md)
forbeingincludedintheECMAstandard),acompilationservice,change
detection,andarenderingengine(whichisplatformindependent).On
topofthat,thereareotherlibrariessuchasAngularMaterial
(https://github.com/angular/material2)(aUIlibrarywithmaterial
designsupport),mobile(https://mobile.angular.io/),andUniversal
(https://universal.angular.io/),etc.
Thereareevenmodulessuchasi18n,therouter,andanimationthatcan
beusedfromwithinAngular1.xaswell.
Extremelyfast!
Angular2isdesignedtobeextremelyfast.Well,everynewJSlibrary
wouldprobablyclaimthat,buttherearesomedifferencesinthe
approachAngular2istaking.
Firstofall,theyrecurrentlyworkingonasocalledtemplatecompiler
orofflinecompiler."ManyJavaScriptfrontendframeworksbasically
renderthetemplatesdynamicallyintothebrowsersDOMatruntime,
whichrequiresatemplatingengineofsomekind.Angular2templates
andcomponentsaremadeinawaythatAngular2isabletoreason
aboutyourappstemplatesandisabletogenerateanAST
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree)andconsequently
totranslatethemintopureJavaScriptatcompiletime.Thisishuge.
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintro
angular2/templatecompiler.png)
angular2/templatecompiler.png)
Asaresult,yourdeployedappdoesntrequireanytemplatingengineto
run,butitrathercontainshighlyoptimizedJavaScriptcodefordirectly
manipulatingtheDOM.Thatssuperfastand,moreover,theresulting
Angular2librarygetsalotsmaller,asyoudontneeditstemplating
engineanymorewhenyoudeployinproduction.
Andthatleadsustothenextpart.
Small!
Thelibrarygetsreally,reallysmall.
@John_Papa
(https://twitter.com/John_Papa)@arhoads76
(https://twitter.com/arhoads76)@DanWahlin
(https://twitter.com/DanWahlin)Ibelievecurrent
numbersaresomethinglike49KviaRollupand25K
viajscompiler.
BradGreen(@bradlygreen)May31,2016
(https://twitter.com/bradlygreen/status/737700486673
891328)
Bybeingabletostripoutuselessparts,alotcanbedroppedwhen
deployinginproduction.Furthermore,thegoalistouseabundlerthat
supportstreeshakingandthusreducesthesizeofthefinalcompiledJS
filesevenmorebyeliminatingeverythingthatisnotactivelybeingused
withinyourapplication.Frankly,ifyoudontusetheroutingmoduleof
Angular,itsimplywontgetincludedinyourfinalapp.
angular2/angular2size.png)
Treeshakingisbasicallydeadcodeelimination.
ByanalyzingwhichJavaScriptmodulesareused
andwhicharent,compilersthatsupportsuch
approachcaneliminatetheunusedpartsandthus
produceamuchmoreoptimizedandsmallerbundle.
ObviouslyapropermodulesystemsuchasES2015
moduleshastobeusedforthistowork.
BuiltInLazyLoading
Finally!LazyloadinghasbeenahottopicforAngular1.xandmanyother
frameworks.Whenyoubuildaseriousapplication,itmightgetquitebig
prettyquick.Thatsaid,youcannotforceyouruserstodownload
megabytesovermegabytesjusttogetyourappbootedup,especiallyon
flakyInternetconnectionsormobiles.Thatswhylazyloadingneedstobe
implemented.Theideaistoloadonlythosepartstheusersmostheavily
useandloadotherpartsondemandwhenneeded.Thiswasparticularly
hardinAngular1.ocLazyLoad(https://oclazyload.readme.io/)beingone
possibilitytoachievethis.
NowwithAngular2thisisfinallybuiltinrightfromthebeginning,
throughtheframeworksrouterandsocalledlazyroutes.
angular2/lazyloading.png)Unfortunately,therouterhasbeenrewritten
andthustherearenodocsatthemoment
(https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/router.html).Itshouldbe
availableshortly.Tillthen,youmaywanttogivethisvideoago,where
MiskoHeveryexplainsit.
9/35 Routing - Misko Hevery
AngularUniversal
ThisisAngular2sanswertoisomorphicJavaScriptorserversidepre
rendering.Again,itsallaboutperformance,togettheapptotheuseras
quicklyaspossible.(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetup
quicklyaspossible.(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetup
introangular2/angularuniversal.png)
(http://juristr.com/blog/assets/imgs/meetupintroangular2/angular
universal.png)
Angularuniversal(https://universal.angular.io/)isalibrarythatlives
undertheAngular2GitHubrepositorywiththegoalofmakingserver
siderenderingaseasyandstraightforwardaspossible.SinceAngular2is
madetobeplatformagnostic,itcanbeexecutedinnonbrowser
environmentswithoutmanyissues.
So,whenloadingauniversalAngular2app,fromahighlevel
perspective,here'swhathappens:
1.YouruseropensyouruniversalAngularapp,perhapsalsoinvokinga
clientsideroutelike http://myuniversalapp.io/people/detail/1
2.Someangularuniversalcompatibleservergetstherequest,knowsit
isaclientsiderouteandthusbootstheAngular2rootcomponent
(usually app.component.ts )ontheserversideandexecutesit.
3.Theserverthendeliversthealreadyrenderedapplicationstateof
thatinvokedclientrouteinside index.html backtothebrowser.
4.ThebrowserrenderstheHTML,sotheuserwillseethepersonwith
id1renderedimmediately(asitisalreadypresentintheHTML)
5.MeanwhiletheAngular2appbootsagain,butthistimeonthe
clientside(thebrowser)inthebackground(inahiddendiv,
clientside(thebrowser)inthebackground(inahiddendiv,
basically).Alibrary, preboot.js ,recordsalluserevents,likeclicksand
inputchanges,untilAngular2isfullyloaded.
6.WhentheAngular2appisready,itwillhavethesamerendered
stateastheserverhasdeliveredpreviously. preboot thenreplaysall
oftheusereventsagainstthatclientsiderenderedapp.
7.Finally,theclientsiderenderedappgetsactivatedandtheserver
renderedHTMLisdropped.
Thatwasfromabird'seyeperspective,butyougettheidea.Agoodplace
formoredetailsisthequickstartguide
(https://universal.angular.io/quickstart/).Also,theuniversalstarter
repository(https://github.com/angular/universalstarter)hassomegood
examplestoplayaroundwith.
Currently,theangularuniversalsupportedserverframeworksareNode
(/) andASP.net.ButsupportforJava,Go,andPHPistheworks.
/WebDevZone(/webdevelopmentprogrammingtutorialstoolsnews)
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9 WhyPython?What'sit
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6 What'sTJ'sStack
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GoodFor?Howisit
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Express.js created.MikeBrocchi,corecontributoroftheCLIprojectdemoeditatNGConf2016
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(/articles/angular2agettingstarted (recentlyWebstormintegratedAngularCLIsupport
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Risk Typings,andWebpackby@AngularClass.
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jQuery3.0OutNow! Started Guide for Beginnes Ben(/users/1196049/amankwata_b.html)
(/users/1196049/amankwata_b.html)
Angular 2 - Getting


VisualStudio2015
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3 Top5ReasonsTo
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guideforbeginners)
5 Understandingthe
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patterninexpressjs)
6 What'sTJ'sStack
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arelotsandlotsofawesomepeoplewillingtohelpyouwiththeir

enormousexpertise.
VisualStudio2015
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3 Top5ReasonsTo reviewingthisarticle
ChoosePHPforWeb
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(/articles/understandingmiddleware Note:ThisarticlehasbeenrepostedhereonDZonewithmypermission.
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6 What'sTJ'sStack gettingstartedforbeginners/)forfutureupdatesandmorelinks.
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Topics: ANGULAR2.0, IONIC, NATIVESCRIPT
PublishedatDZonewithpermissionofJuriStrumpflohner,DZoneMVB.
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