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techniques
S-Lay
J-Lay
Reel lay
Towing
Installation phases
Initiation
Abandonment
Shore approach
Tie-in methods
S-Lay J-Lay
Reel-Lay Flexible /
umbilical lay
Tensioners
Installation envelope
Minimum lay tension
Max sagbend stress
Min top tension Ref: Deep Offshore
Sagbend Reference Book
Bottom tension Min bottom tension
Minimum catenary length
Risk of contact with stinger last roller
6 - TEC/PLR journes Techniques, 26 juin 2008, Paris
S-lay main parameters
Top tension
Max: Limited by tensioner capacity
Min: to maintain the catenary and limit bending stress in the sagbend
Sagbend
Ensure dynamic stress below 87% yield stress (DNV load controlled)
Touch down
Bottom tension: high bottom tension in S-lay
Check curve stability
Check horizontal distance from barge stern to touch down point
Shallow water
Main application
Typically from 20 to 300m (J-lay not feasible)
Most of S-lay vessels developed for shallow water
Station keeping
Anchoring lines
Dynamic Positioning (DP)
Welding capabilities
Multiple welding stations (>5)
Single / double jointing
Global Hercules
Top tension
Top tension
Max: Limited by tensioner capacity
Min: to maintain the catenary and limit bending stress in the sagbend
Ramp
Ramp angle: the deeper the closer to vertical (60 to 85)
No or very short stinger
Sagbend
Ensure dynamic stress below 87% yield stress (DNV load controlled)
Touch down
Bottom tension: low bottom tension in J-lay
Check curve stability and vessel bollard pull
Check horizontal distance from barge stern to touch down point
Deep water
Main application
Typically from 300 to 3000m
Station keeping
Dynamic Positioning (DP) only
Tensioning capabilities
High tension for ultra deepwater or large diameters: up to 1600T (Heerema Balder)
Use of tensioners or J-Lay collars system
Welding capabilities
1 or 2 welding station
Welding of double or quadri joints pre-assembled onshore
Saipem FDS
Heerema Balder
Step 1: Reeling
From onshore spoolbase
Minimum wall thickness for reeling to be considered (avoid local buckling)
Small bore pipes, up to 18 OD
Step 2: Unreeling
Step 4: Laying
Same principle as J-lay
Deep water
Main application
Typically from 300 to 3000m
Station keeping
Dynamic Positioning (DP) only
Tensioning capabilities
High tension for ultra deepwater
Welding capabilities
Tie-in or in-line structures welding
Reel
Ease of storage, transportation and handling
No additional transpooling required
More transportation and installation vessels available
Limited length (3-4km), depends on umbilical /
flexible diameter and linear weight
Carousel
Required for long umbilicals /
flexibles
Specific installation vessels
required
Additional transpooling
Horizontal lay
With horizontal tensioners and
through a gutter / chute
Vertical lay
With vertical tensioners and
through a moonpool or aside the
vessel
Critical phases
Terminations overboarding and
landing
I-tube pull-in
Application
Bundles installation
Risers installation
Short pipelines (up to 20km)
Bundle
Pipeline
Cable
Anchor
Tie-in procedure
Metrology
Spool fabrication and welding on vessel deck
Overboarding
Landing in final position (alignment / receptacle)
Final tie-in
Numerous systems
available
Horizontal
Vertical