manofactariog manufacturing (man-yorfak’chorring) The making of “goods from maw materials by hand or by machinery. Po ‘map key (map 38) The part of ¢ map that explains “what the symbols on the map stand for. A2 ‘map seale (op sia) The part of a map that compares, ‘ distance on the map t0 a distance in the real sword AB sap tile (map ttl) The words that tell you the ‘subject of a map. AP ‘marsh (mirsh) Low, wetland where cattails fal ‘gasses, and other similar plants grow. p. 171 amass production (mas provduk’shan) A way of ‘mam Sa which many tems that are ‘Gentical can be made quickly and cheaply. 279 meat packing (mitt pak’ing) The preparing of meat for ‘market p. 315 megalopolis (me-gorll’povise) Ahuge urban region “ormed when tro or more metropolitan areas g70W together p.143 ‘memorial (marmér‘al) A public monusnent, pALSIS meridian (worti‘déan) A line of longitude, p. 26 ‘mesa (masa) A hill or small platezu with a at top ‘ae step sides. p. 367 metropolitan area (mertoeptToeton ico) Alarge ‘Gy together with ts subuabs. p. US migrant worker (my‘grant wur'ox) Someone who ‘moves from frm 0 farm wth the seasons, rarwasting crops. p. 376 smigmation (mi-gra’shon) The movement of many "People who leave one country or region to sft in nother p. 255. rileage (ui) The distance between two places. FEC) rnileage table (maj bal) A table that gives the ‘number ofmiles between the Histed cities. p. 181 salleragem (rive) Aero of 0 em P. ett suineral (mire) A naturl Sibstance found in rocks. pats siscion (nish’an) A religious settlement. p. 269 modify (mit9-8) To change. p.73 ‘monarch (mi‘nith) A king or queen. p. 413 monsoon (munescoe’) A sensonal wind of the india ‘Gossn and southern Asia p-221 monument (méa'yormont) Something that is builtin Temembrance ofa person or event. p48 motto (m8) A saying chosen to express the ideals of ‘nation, state of group. P- 43 mountain zange (moun’‘oa ray) A group of connected “mounlains- p28 paddy ‘mous (mouth) The place where a river empties into a Targer body of water. p-99 ‘momieipal (myooensoepal) Having to do with a local ‘government, such asa town or city. p. 679 tesa resounce(nackYoral tac) Something ound innature at people can use. p49 natesal vegetation (tact’aralvesjot shan) The plant fe Hat grows naturally ian area . 65 navigable (oa"vngo-bsl) Deep and wide enough for ‘hips to we. p15 negotiation (iegoeshera'shan) A tak with another ‘Person, group, or county involved in a conflict in Exderto ook out an agreement p. 359 neutral (ntl) Not lang sides. L215 ‘omad (nomad) A person who has no pesmanent ‘ore but moves om plac: to place p. 968 onrenesrable(nonerendS'orbl) Not able to bemade gain uicy by tare or by poople p52 nonviolence (nan‘w'erlen(t}s) Peaceful action taken to ‘protest unfair conditions. p.IL 5 ‘oasis (68's) Am area in a desart whore there is ‘water p. 389 ‘occupation (dsryoo=pa’ shan) The work that a person, does fora Living. 188 ‘il slick (cl sil) The fm of ol that coats the water after an ol spill. p. 410 opinion (opin yan) Astatement that tells what dhe [person who makes thinks or believes. It cannot be proved. p. 139, ‘opportunity cost (i-por-t6o'noet8 ket) That which ‘you give up to get something else. p. 460 coral history (Grol his torre) Accounts that tell the ‘experiences of people who did not have a written language or who did not write down what pt ‘ordinance (Gr‘danvens) An order ora lve. p. 270 fore (62) Rock that contains enough of one or more 1inds of minerals tobe mined: p. 279 Pacific Rien (po*si‘fik rtm) A world region that includes the states and countries that border the Pacific Ocean. p. 417 paddy (pad’a) Avice fold. p. 288parallels (par‘-llz) Lines that are always the same distance apart, sach as Hines of latitude, p26 Partition (pSr-t’shon) Divide p. 1135 as (pas) An pening between high mountains p17 pastime (past) An activity that a person does in his ‘other free time for enjoyment: p11 Patriotism (pitt-o-tvzem) Love of country: p. 486 Peninsula (porninsova) Land almost entirely surrouncled by water p. 30 petition (por’shan) A signed request for action. abt Petrochemical (pe-t-ke'micka) A chemical made from oll or natural gas, p. 249 Petroleum (porto‘i-omn) Oi p. 258 Physical feature (isl f'chor) A feature, such asa Jandiorm, body of water, or resource that has been formed by nature. p. 2 piedmont (ped'min) An area at or near the foot of ‘mountain p.29 pioneer (pio-nir’) A person who frst sttes a new place. p. 174 plantation (plan-tsshon) A huge farm where tobacco, cnton, sce, sugarcane, or indigo were the main ‘crops grown. p. 202 plateau (pla-¥0) An area of high, mostly fat land that es above the surrounding land. p50 Point of view (point uv vyG0) A person’ set of belief {hat have been shaped by factors such as whether {hat person is old or young, male or female sich or oor p.5 pollution (pa-Ioy'shan) The act of making a natural resource, sich as ai soil, or water, dity or urate towe pss population (popsyara‘shon), The number of people ‘who live in a plac. p. 72 population density (pop-yosir shan den‘sae) The average numberof people ving in an area ofa cera size, usually 1 square mile or 1 squame Ielometer p. 4d Port (pért) A trading center where ships are loaded and unloaded. p29 portage (port) To carry canoes and supplies overland, pL 2-7 Poverty (par) Me conton of bing wey por B. Prairie (prir’®) An area of flat or rolling land covered mostly with wildflowers and grasses. p. 297 Precipitation (privsi-po-ts'shan) Any form of water such a5 rain, sleet, or snow, that falls to Earth's surface. p. 4 recycle Prediction (prisdik’shon) Looking at the way thine are and saying what you think will happen in fhe future. p. 380 Prejudice (pre'jordos) An unfair feeling of hatred or Alislike for a group because of its background, race, or religion. p. 441 reserve (priszarv) A protected area of land, p. L113, primary source (pri‘mer*® sors) A record made by people who saw or took partin an event. p. 6 Prime meridian (prim macrid’e+an) An imaginary line that divides Earth into the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. p. 23, Proclamation (pri-Kloeia‘shon) An order from a country’s leader to its citizens, p. IL 2-13 Produce (pr0'd00s) Fresh fruits and vegetables. p Product (prodakt) Something that people make or grow, usually to sell. p. 50 Profit (prifot) In a business, money left over afterall costs have been paid. p. 455 Public land (pub‘lik land) Land that is owned by the government. p. 355, Pueblo (pwe'blo) An adobe village. p.369 Pulp (pulp) A soft mixture of ground-up wood chips ‘and chemicals that is used to make paper. p. 207 ‘quarry (kw6r'e) A large, open pit cut into the ground from which stone is mined. p. 110 rain forest (ran f6r‘sst) A wet area, usually we ‘where tall frees, vines, and other plants grow close together. p. 80 rain shadow (rin sha‘dd) On a mountain, the drier side that receives little or no precipitation. p. 374 rapids (ra‘pads) A rocky place in a river where 2 ‘sudden drop in elevation causes fast-moving or dangerous water. p. 135, ratify (ta'to+h) To approve. p.IL34 raw material (29 moctir‘@al) A resource in its natucal slate, such as a mineral, that can be used to manufacture a product. p. 208, reclaim (ti-Kién’) To return something, such as land, to its natural condition. p, 184 recreation (rek8-a’shan) Any form of amusement oz relaxation. p. 119, recycle (*¢esF'Kal) To use again. p. 522eeE (Kf) A.rdge ofrocks, sand, or coral near the surface ofthe sea. p. 194 seGinery (cifmar-) A factory that tums crade of into ‘useful products, such as gasoline and other facls. p.239 seforestation (*e-forest-2-shon) The practice of Planting new forests to replace those cut down. PILL region ((€Jan) An area with a least one feature that "makes it diferent from other areas. pp. 2,60 ‘lative location (teTo-tiv1-la’shon) The postion of «place in relation to other places on Earth. p. 2 seit (ceEF) Differences in elevation. p. 32 rellef program (rst program) A policy designed io ‘provide food and jobs to those in need p. TL -213. renewable (ti-n00'-bal) Able to be made or grown ‘gain by nature or people. p. 52 representation (revpri-zenvtahon) Acting or speaking on behalf of someone or somthing else. p10 epablic (iepul’lil) A form of goverment in which ‘people elect representatives t0 govern the country, PAT ‘eservation (revzar~v‘shan) Land set aside by the government for use by American Indians. On Fezervations, Indians govern themselves. 371 xesexvoir(e‘za-vwit) A lake formed by the water held back by a dam and used to stoce water, pais resolve (cizilv’) To settle a conflict or problem. p. 247 tort (firz6rt) A place where people go to relax and ‘have fan. p. 181 sesponstbility (ivspin-sorbio-t8) Something that a Person shold de pd gai ‘tall trade (7€%G trad) A service industry made up of ‘businesses that buy goods and sell them directs 0 consumers. p. 457 revenue (re'varni) Income. p.IL5-6 evolution (rev-0-l60'shon) A large, sudden change in government or in people’ lives. p. 191 ‘Ring of Fie cing uv f)_A world region that stretches along the weston coat ofthe America, the caste coast of Asi, and into the southern Pacific Ocean. Tt earthquakes. p. 27 ‘Sree gem (Ter tam) Ariverand ts tebe. P. runoff (ran‘6f) Suxfice water that does not soakcinto the ground. p. 215 rural (20a) Of or Like a country region. p. 6t ‘sand dune (Sand dd0n) A hll-ike mound formed by ‘lowing sand. p. 383 R32 = Reference survey satellite (tlet) A man-made object that omits "Earth p. 351 scarce (skits) Notabundant.p. 50 sea level G2 lev’) The level ofthe suriae of the ‘ocean. p29 secede (Gest?) To leave the Union. p. 204 secondary source (SeFander~® sors) A record of an ‘ren writen by someane who sas not there a tho time.p.7 segregate (segregated) Separated by race or Gime pleplen self-sufficient (self sovfish‘ant) Able to do everything for onesel with no help from offer people. 299. service industry (sev n‘doorze) An incutey in ‘which workers are pid to do things for other people p68 settlement house (setalemont hous) A comntnity center where people can lain new sts pL £3 skyscraper (sh'skesepor) A very tal steal-famed me slavery (stver"®) The practice of making one person ‘he property of anathes person. p. 201 society (Ss'ate) A group of peopia who have many ‘things in common. pp. 10,340 20d (60d) 4 layer of sol held together by the roots of 755s. p. 299 source (6:8) The place where a river begins. p.38 specialize (Gpe‘snorlia) To work at only one Hind of job. ‘state legislature (stat le'Jas+la-char) The legislative ‘banc of stale goverment p. 79 station (sarshan) A lange sheep or cate ranch in ‘Australia p. 323 steamboat (stm bot) A bost powered by a steam ‘engine that turns a lage paddle wheal. p. 253 (step) A ion of dry, grassy plains in steppes age eo fy rey ‘strait (strat) A marrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water. 2 strike (Sim) An organized protest in which people fuse to work: uni heir employers most ele demands. p IL-5 subuxb (subcb) A town or smal ty built near a larger city. p. 60 suffrage (suf) The right to vote. p. 37 Sun Belt sun belt) Aside area ofthe southern part of ‘the United States that has a mila climate al yea: 208 supespower(Si(parspousor) The wora’s most "power fai 182 ‘supply (o-plP) A product or service shata business otf forsale p39 susplus (arplos) An extra amount of ‘Beyond what is used or needed p-1L2-9 survey (for) To measure, especially land, p. 270 O.0.4.8. 0.8 Be a 2200.9. 0.8 @swamp (swiimp) A low, wet area where trees and. Dushes grow, usually covered by shallow water at least part ofthe year. p. 210 tax taks’) Money that the goverment collects from ctizens to pay for public services. p11. 68 technology (tekend’tove) The use of new ideas to make tools and machines. p. 77 ‘elecommunications ((esliskoemyiienoskashor) All the electronic ways of sending and receiving information. p.1L5-6 telegraph (te"brgraf) A machine that used electricity to send messages over wires. p. 294 tenement (te"na+mant) A crowded, poorly built, apartment building, p. IL £7 tepee (te) A cone-shaped tent made of poles and covered with animal skins. p. 300 terrace (ter’as) A flat “shel” dug into a mountainside to make farming there possible. p. 360 territory (ter'a-t6rra) An area owned and governed by ‘country. p. 218, textile mill (est mil) A factory in which fibers such 48 cotton and wool are woven into textiles, or loth p10 timberline (tin’bor-lin) Ona mountain, the elevation above which the temperatures are too love for trees to grow. p. 353 ‘ime line (Kim Lin) A diagram that shows the order in ‘which events took place and the amount of time that passed betiween them. p. 106 ‘time zone (tim 70) A region in which people use the seme clock tie. p. 398) tomado (tér-na’do) A furiiel-shaped, spinning wind- storm, sometimes called a cyclone or twister. p. 47 tourism ((ootiz~om) Traveling toa place for pleasure. pz township (toun’ship) A square section of land in the Northivest Territory measuring 6 miles (about 10 4m) on each sie; each township was divided into 36 smaller squares of land to be sold to setlrs.p 270 trade (tad) The buying or solling of goods p.77 trade-off (0346) Giving up one thing to get another. 460 tradition (tro-dish’an) A custom, a way of life, or an ‘dea that has been handed down from the past. p. 2 transcontinental rafiroad (trans+konstaenen tal ral'rod) A railroad that crosses an entire continent, such as the one completed in 1869 linking the East ‘and West Coasts of North America. p. 394 waterway ‘treaty (tree) An agreement between countries or groups of people. p. 128 tribe (tib’) A group of people who share the same ancestors, customs, and laws. p.1L2-5 tributary (tib-yorters2) A stroam or river that Hows, info larger stream or siver. p. 39 tropics (trop ks) A band of warm climate that circles Earth near the equator. p. 219 ‘tundra (tun‘dro) A large, flat, treeless plain that stays frozen most of the year p. 79 ‘tumpike (farn’pik) A road that drivers must pay to use. p. 139) ‘Underground Railroad (en+dareground’ ra(a)i'r8) ‘system of secret escape routes for runaway slaves. p33 ‘unemployment (uns ‘without a job. p. 153, ‘Union (yo0n yon) The United States of America p 208 ‘urban (ir’bon) Of or like a city region. p. 60 ‘urban growth (Gr’ban groth) The growth of cities. pS urban sprawl (Qr"ban sprél) The spreading of urban areas andi the growth of new centers of business and shopping. p. 154 urbanization (@r-beenow7a’shan) The growth of the proportion of people living in cities compared with that of people in rural areas. p.315 veto (ve'td) To reject a bill and to try to stop it from becoming a lav. p. 471 ‘volcano (vol+ki'nb) An opening in Earth's surface oat of which hot gases, ashy and lava may pour. p. £05 ‘volunteer (vitlonetir’) A person who offers io do something without pay: p. 115, ‘wagon train (wa'gon trin) A group of wagons, each pulled by horses, mules, oF oxen. p. ‘waterpower (w0 tor-pouroe) Energy produced ty rushing water. p. 173 ‘watershed (wa toreshed) A rogion that drains into a river or river system. p. IL28 ‘waterway (w"tar-wa) A body of water that boats can use. p. 135, plot‘mant) The state of being. |‘wealth (welth) Riches. p. 248 ‘wetlands (wet landz) Low-lying land where the water level is always near ar above the surface ofthe land. p.410 wholesale trade (halsal tad) A service industry ‘made up of businesses that buy large amounts of {goods from producers and then sel them to other Businesses. p. 157 wildlife refuge (wild Tf re fyO0) An area of land set aside to protect animals and other living things. Pec ‘windbreak (wind beak) Rows of large trees or bushes ‘planted betiveon fsids to help block the wind and event sil erosion. p. 309)