Galaxy Evolution with the GMT

Andrew Hopkins
AAO
 Context: 2018
JWST has been flying for 5 years, has mapped
reionisation (again, MWA did it too), discovered
(proto-)galaxies at z>10
ASKAP has been operational for 5 years, has
completed major all-sky continuum and HI
surveys
SKA Phase 1 has recently begun observing (2017)
 Context: 2018
A plethora of wedding-cake optical and NIR
archival sky surveys are well-established:
VISTA, VST, SkyMapper, LSST, Pan-STARRS
DES, SDSS+++, DES++, etc.
Several generations of spectroscopic surveys
as well: 2dFGRS, SDSS, GAMA, LAMOST(?),
+next-gen surveys too
Lots of high-quality, deep, archival photometry
for selecting samples.
 Cosmic star formation history

Hopkins & Beacom 2006, ApJ, 651, 142

Kistler et al, 2009, ApJ, 705, L104

 GAMA: Balmer decrements

Gunawardhana 2010, in prep

 SFH-SMH discrepancies

Wilkins et al 2008, MNRAS, 385, 687

Wilkins et al 2008, MNRAS, 391, 363

 Massive galaxy assembly
Evolution of galaxy masses, and the stellar mass
density of the universe

GMT Science Case ID1404

Galaxies down to 0.1M* up to z~3
 Galaxy Environment

Elbaz et al 2007, A&A, 468, 33

 Metallicity evolution

SS
S D
4,
0 0
l 2
t a
i e
n t
o
rem
T

GDDS, z~0.7
Savaglio et al 2005, ApJ, 635, 260
Massive galaxy assembly

GAMA will provide evolution of galaxy stellar

mass function to z<0.4, to M*
Spectroscopic followup of DES will provide
evolution of mass function to z<~1, to M*
GMT will enable measurement of mass function
evolution to z<~2-3, to 0.1M*-M*
Massive galaxy assembly

Growth of galaxy mass through star formation

vs mergers (GAMA, DES followup?, GMT)
Role played by environment in modulating/
driving galaxy evolution
Galaxy metallicity enrichment, and mass/SFR/
environment dependencies
 Galaxy evolution in DEEP2

Noeske et al 2007, ApJ, 660, L43 & L47

 Galaxy evolution in DEEP2

Noeske et al 2007, ApJ, 660, L43 & L47

 Stellar initial mass function
Trapezium at 150pc with HST/NICMOS. Simulated GMT H-band at 100 kpc

GMT Science Case ID1404

(also in Alycias presentation yesterday)

Driver et al 2009, A&G, 50, 5.12
 The stellar IMF

BG IMF

SalA IMF

Baldry and Glazebrook 2003, ApJ, 593, 258

 IMF variation: A diagnostic

Gunawardhana 2009, Honours thesis, Macquarie University

 SDSS vs GAMA

Hoversten & Glazebrook, 2008, ApJ, 675, 163

Gunawardhana 2009, Honours thesis, Macquarie University
 SFR-dependence of the IMF

Gunawardhana 2010, in prep

 IMF slope as a function of SFR

Hoversten & Glazebrook, 2008, ApJ, 675, 163

Gunawardhana 2010, in prep

 Where did the stars come from?
Different evolution for
gas compared to stars
SFR history

Neutral gas density

 Cosmic evolution of HI

Hopkins, McClure-Griffiths & Gaensler 2008, ApJ, 682, L13

 CO in z~1.5 galaxies

Daddi et al 2010, ApJ, 713, 686

Co-evolution of gas and galaxies
Where does the gas live, and how does it feed
the galaxies?
Can be addressed directly by combining
observations with ASKAP (to z<0.7) and SKA
Phase 1 (to z~2) with GMT surveys
Can be addressed statistically through Ly
forest surveys (tomography) with GMT at
2<z<4
 Spatially distributed galaxy properties

Welikala et al 2009, ApJ, 701, 994

 Spatially distributed galaxy properties

Welikala et al 2009, ApJ, 701, 994

 Galaxy sizes and resolved studies

Windhorst et al 2008, Ad. Sp. Res. 41, 1965

 What can GMT do?
A redshift survey covering a square degree, or
a few (maybe 30000 objects) to r~25-26, with
~3hr exposures, with GMACS (8x18 FOV, 400
object MOS): 20-30 nights
Ditto with NIRMOS, (5x7 FOV, ~80 object
MOS): ~130 nights.
Similar to DEEP2 but at z~2-3, and probing
lower in mass.
 Conclusions - GMT will enable:
Galaxy evolution through the inter-relationship
between SFR, mass, HI, environment
Will be probed over 1<z<3, extending the work
currently being pursued up to z<1
Will allow detailed local investigations of IMF,
with application to high-z
Spatially distributed properties of galaxies,
through multiplexed IFS at z>1 will open new
windows on galaxy formation and evolution