Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Active Transport Name: Autumn Choate

Class/Period: 6
Date: 1/29/17
Essential Question: How and why do substances move across a cell membrane?

Questions: Notes:
*1600s is when microscopes began being used
*Robert Hooke observed the pieces of cork, stated they looked just
Who observed piece of like cells
cork? L1 *Cell Theory- A well tested description that unifies a range of
` observations by multiple scientists/viewpoints
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are all basic building units of life
Describe the 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
difference between *Cells are different shapes and sizes, all cells contain genetics
a eukaryotic and *No nucleus cells are called prokaryotic (bacteria)
prokaryotic cell. L2 *Cells with nucleus are called eukaryotic (Animals, plants, fungi,
protists)
Cell Membrane:

*Functions- protects and supports cell, regulates transport of

What are the materials
macromolecules in *Lipid bilayer- a double layer sheet of phospholipids that make up
the membrane and the cell membrane. Helps provide a flexible structure that forms a
what are their strong barrier (cholesterol)
functions? L4 *Polar/Hydrophilic- Water loving, heads face out, like
*Non-polar/ Hydrophobic- Water hating, tails face inside, like
*Fluid Mosaic Model- Cell membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move
Explain why the *Embedded protein- proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer.
lipid bilayer makes They act as channels or pumps to help move molecules across the
a good structure membrane.
and describe that *Carbohydrate chains- Act like chemical identity cards, allows
structure. L3 individual clls to identify one another
*Selectively Permeable- Some substances can pass through cell
membrane while others cannot
Active transport-

*Active transport- the process of transporting molecules (small or

large) molecules against the concentration gradient
*DOES need energy
*Low to high energy
*Uses protein pumps or vesicles to get through membrane
*Ion pumps- Sodium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Chlorine. Hydrogen
molecules go through ion pump by changing the shape of the
 pump to let itself through, which lets the ions change the shape
back to let themselves through.
*Cotransport- *Not ion! * Have to travel together into the cell
(Sodium and other molecule)
Summary: Robert Hooke was the first person to believe that cells were in every living thing. In the early 1600s, he
looked at a cork under a microscope, and saw the pores on the cork. Through the next century, many other
scientists because to add on, until the Cell Theory was created. The three rules for cells are: Every living organism
has cells, the cells must reproduce from themselves, and cells are the basic building units of life. All cells also
have cell membranes, which are made of a lipid bilayer. The bilayer makes the cell structure flexible for molecules
to get in and out. Small and large molecules can be transported through active transportation, which is the
process of transporting molecules against the concentration gradient. There are four technical ways that the
molecules can get through. Ion pumps or cotransport if theyre smaller, and endocytosis (in) and exocytosis (out).
There are three types of endocytosis as well, Pinocytosis (cell drinking), Phagocytosis (cell eating), and receptor
mediated. A well to tell whether the transport is active or passive, is to see if there is energy being used. If so, its
active, if not, then youre dealing with passive transport!

Questions: Notes:
*Endocytosis- Transport into the cell using vesicles
-Phagocytosis- cell eating, takes in solids through the cell using vesicles
Describe the three -Pinocytosis- cell drinking, takes in liquids through the cell using vesicles
types of -Receptor Mediated- binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle formation
endocytosis and (hormones, etc)
explain each *Ligand- any molecule that specifically binds to a receptor site
process in detail. *Exocytosis- Process when substances are expelled from the cell. Vesicles carry the
L4 particles (sweat, waste, etc) out of the cell and releases it outside
*Membrane functions as a mouth
*Membrane wraps around a molecule, creates a vesicle inside the membrane, then
Does active engulfs the molecules, in which it digests inside the cell
transport use *Active transport uses energy, passive does not
energy? L1 *Large molecules create vesicles to get through
*Small molecules travel through pumps
*Passive of a molecule:
-Binding
Compare and -Conformational change of protein
contrast endo and -Release
exocytosis. L2
Endocytosis-
Give examples of | _______
each molecule that | / \| |
is taken in/ or out | / | | /------------\
pushed out for all OOOOO | | OOOOO | out| |OOOOO |
three endocytosis | in \ | |
and exocytosis. L3 \________/in
| out \________/|in |
 Exocytosis-
| | . .
/-------\ /-----\ | /. . .
| . | in |. | | out in | . . . out
\_______/ \ / | \ . .
in | | . .

Summary: