HUMANITIES REPORTING

NEOCLASSICISM
ROMANTISISM
ART NOVEOU
SYMBOLISM
REALISM
18TH AND 19TH CENTURY sculpture, less whimsical than
the indulgent Rococo.
NEOCLASSICISM Architecture was more ordered
and less grandiose
General Information

From the Greek word "new" and

Latin classicus, of the highest
rank

Neoclassical also called the True

Style in France, was a reaction
against Rococo levity..

The rise of neoclassical Art was

part of a general revival of interest
in classical thought, which was of
some importance in the American
and French revolutions. JACQUES LOUIS DAVID
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
Characteristics of
Artworks
Venus
Works (paintings Victrix -
and sculptures)
were serious,
unemotional,
and sternly
heroic.

Painters depicted
subjects from
Classical literature ANTONIO CANOVA
and history, as used in
earlier Greek Art and
Republican Roman Art, using
sombre colours
with occasional
brilliant
highlights, to ARCHITECTURE
convey moral
narratives of Return to the Classical Orders of
self-denial and Greek and Roman Antiquity on a
self-sacrifice monumental level
fully in keeping Emphasizes the wall rather
with the than chiaroscuro and maintains
supposed ethical separate identities to each of its
superiority of parts.
Antiquity. Clean, elegant lines
Sculpture - the same subjects, Uncluttered appearance
and was more restrained than Free standing columns
the more theatrical Baroque Massive buildings
 simple beam running from
support to support
o Frieze- consisting of an
unmolded strip with or
without ornament
o Cornice- constructed from a
series
of

ORDER

Several styles of classical or neoclassical moldings that project from

architecture that are defined by the the edge of the frieze.
particular type of column and
entablature
ROMANTICISM
There are many separate elements that It stressed strong emotion,
make up a complete column and imagination, freedom within or
entablature. even from classical notions of form
in art, and overturning of previous
Stylobate - At the bottom part of social conventions, particularly the
the column position of the aristocracy =
this is a continuous flat pavement partly a reaction to the
on which a row of columns is Industrial Revolution
supported.
Plinth - Rising out of the stylobate A reaction against
a square or circular block that is Neoclassicism, it is a deeply-felt
the lowest part of the base.
style which is individualistic,
Scotia - with a concave profile Liberty
exotic, beautiful and Leading the People
emotionally
Fillets - narrow bands.
wrought, Romanticism revived
Torus - a convex molding that is
medievalism
semicircular in profile
Shaft - rests upon the base
Capital - most readily
distinguishes the order

Emotion and
ENTABLATURE individualism(Originality) as well
usually divided into three main sections:
as glorification of all the past and
o Architrave- which originally
nature, preferring the medieval
took the form of a
rather than the classical.
 Authentic source of aesthetic
experience, placing new emphasis
on such emotions as
apprehension, horror and terror,
and awe Sublimity and Beauty
of nature

ARTIST and their works

ARCHITECTURE

Romanticism is characterized by the

5 Is

Imagination
Intuition
Ideals
Inspiration
Individuality
ART NOUVEAU
New Art
Ornamental style of art = New
style, free of the imitative
historicism that dominated much
of 19th-century art and design.
First in England and soon spread to
the European continent
Was Popularized by the famous
The
Maison de l'Art Nouveau
Third of May 1808
(House of New Art), a Paris art
gallery operated by Siegfried Bing.

SCULPTURE
Francois Rude, Departure of the
Volunteers of 1792, or La Marseillaise, CHARACTERISTICS
1833-1836
 Architecture, graphic arts, and The symbolist movement emerged
interior decoration = writhing during the 2nd half of the 19th
forms, curving lines, and Century in France. Both artist
asymmetrical organization
and literary figures shared the
flat, decorative patterns;
intertwined organic forms such as ideas of
stems or flowers; rejecting the
an emphasis on handcrafting as Realism
opposed to machine movement.
manufacturing;
the use of new materials; and the Symbolism is
rejection of earlier styles the emphasis
on emotions,
feelings,
ideas, and
subjectivity.
Their works are personal and
express their own ideologies.

Their work is characterized by a

fascination with the inner world
of fantasy, an interest in
mythological stories. And put
spiritual value in their works.

Subject matter is typically

characterized by an interest in
the occult, the morbid, the
dream world, melancholy, evil,
and death

Absolute truth can only be

described indirectly.

Their art works are full of

objects with symbolic
meaning.

Artists felt a need to go

beyond naturalism in art

Symbolism served as a means

of escape

SYMBOLISM
 uses light to highlight
economic differences

The Horse Fair (1853) by Rosa

Bonheur

REALISM
Style that attempt to represent
subject matter truthfully, without
artificiality and avoiding artistic
conventions, implausible, exotic
and supernatural elements.
The term was coined in 1840
The primary concerns of the
Realist movement in art were
direct observation of the following: Oil on canvas, 8 ft. 14 in. 16 ft. 712 in. (2.44
Society 5.07 m). Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Nature (Gift of Cornelius Vanderbilt, 1887)
Political and Social Satire
Realism and Romanticism are
combined
The Gleaners (1857) by Jean- close study of the anatomy and
movement of horses
Franois Millet
struggle between humanity and the
untamed forces of nature

The Stone Beakers (1849) by

Oil on canvas, approx. 2 ft. 9 in. 3 ft. 8 in. (0.84
1.12 m). Muse dOrsay, Paris, France.
illustrates the transition
between Romanticism and
Realism
oneness with nature
emphasis on class distinctions
Gustave Courbet
Oil on canvas, 5 ft. 3 in. 8 ft. 6 in. (1.60
2.60 m). Whereabouts unknown since
World War II.
impact of socialist ideas
evoke the Romantic nostalgia for a
 simple existence
character of physical labor born of
poverty

Burial at Ornans (1849) by Gustave

Courbet

Lithograph, 12 17 in. (30.5 43.2 cm). Private

collection, France.

Oil on canvas, 10 ft. 4 in. 21 ft. 11 in. (3.15
6.68 m). Muse dOrsay, Paris, France.
local bourgeoisie attending a funeral.
reflect the monotonous reality of life in
rural nineteenth century France
equalizing his figures through the use
of isocephaly
protest against censorship
the power of the press is ultimately
greater than that of a king
Photography
It literally means drawing with light
Greek word phos, light, and graphe
drawing or writing

Third-Class Carriage (1862) by

Honor Daumier

The first recorded account of the camera

obscura is by Leonardo da Vinci.

Oil on canvas, 2534 3512 in. (65.4 90.2 cm).
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
most direct portrayers of social injustice
depicts a section of society seems to have
been framed unawares
Italian Renaissance artists used
the camera obscura to study
perspective.
Ex. Vermeer, Ingres, Delacroix &
Eakins

The Freedom of the Press: Dont Meddle with

It (1834) by Honor Daumier
 Architecture

utilitarian structure rather than

a work of art

Joseph Paxton: The Crystal Palace

Sarah Bernhardt,c. 1864. Photograph

from a collodion negative.
Bibliothque Nationale, Paris, France.

douard Manets Djeuner sur

lHerbe (1863)

Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, 1850

51. Cast iron, wrought iron, and glass.
Engraving (R. P.
Cuff after W. B.
Brounger).
Victoria and
Albert Museum,
London, England.
Oil on canvas, 7 9 ft. (2.13 2.69 m).
Muse dOrsay, Paris, France. The Eiffel
Tower
formed a transition from Realism
to Impressionism
statement in favor of the artists
individual freedom
contains several art historical Alexandre-
references to well known
Gustave Eiffel,
Renaissance pictures
Eiffel Tower, Paris, 188789. Wrought-iron
Giorgione, Fte Champtre, c. 1510 superstructure on a reinforced concrete
base, 984 ft. (300 m) high; 1,052 ft. (320
m) including television mast.