ROTATING VESSELS

MEMBERS:
AYON, LEO BENHUR
RAMPING, WIMAR BLESS
TANAGRAS, JAN TROY
ALVIAR, BENJIE
MOSQUERA, AILEEN JOY
ARIBAS, HELEN GRACE
GARCIA, ALPHSTER JANE
RIVERA, CHESSA
BARCELONA, KIMBERLY
DE PERIO, CHINDAFYE
CASILAGAN, RODEL
If an open vessel is partly filled with water or any liquid. And is rotated at a certain velocity
about its vertical axis, its free surface becomes concave in form.

CF = man an = x

W = mg ; m=

From the force polygon,

Tan =

= x( )

Tan =

Since tan = ( )

dy= dx

y=

DERIVATION OF THE VOLUME PARABOLOID

Volume of paraboloid

V =

y= K

When y=h and x=r;

h= K

K=

V=

V=

V=
V= [ ](from 0-h)

V=

There is no change in its volume as long as it will not overflow.

V1 = V2

h1 = h

h1 = h/2
SQUARED PROPERTY OF PARABOLA:

CASE 1: OPEN VESSEL

LIQUID SURFACE CONDITIONS
- for open cylindrical containers partially filled and rotated about its
vertical axis.
a. ( no liquid spilled )
<D
b. Liquid surface just touching the top of the rim
(no liquid spilled)
D

c. Some liquid spilled

D

d. Vortex at the bottom ( some liquid spilled)

 y=H

e. Vortex ( imaginary) below the bottom

(some liquid spilled)
y>H
CASE 2: CLOSED CYLINDRICAL VESSEL
a. partially filled
1. < D

2. ( liquid surface just touching the top rim)

=D
3. with imaginary paraboloid above
D

4. Vortex just touching the bottom

( )( ) ( )( )

( )( ) ( )( )

D=

By squared property of parabola:

H=

By substitution,

D= H( )

y=
5. y >

Vortex below the bottom

b. fully filled
1. without pressure at top

2. with pressure at top

c. pipes and tubes
1.without initial pressure inside

2. with initial pressure inside

3. U- tube revolved about its own axis:
-the pressure head at any point in the tube is the vertical distance from
the tube to the paraboloid. the pressure is positive if the paraboloid is
above the point and negative if it is below the point. the limiting
pressure is absolute zero.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

CASE 1:
1 .An open cylindrical vessel 0.60 m. in diameter and 0.90 m high is two thirds full of liquid.
If the vessel is rotated about its vertical axis:

a. What is the greatest speed in revolutions per minute that it can have without causing any
liquid to spill over the sides?

b. What speed must it have in order that the depth at the center be zero?

c. What speed must it have in order that there maybe no liquid within 150 mm from the
vertical axis?

SOLUTION :

a. y=0.60 so that no liquid will spill out

y=

( )
0.60 = ( )

w = 11.44 rad/sec
( )
w=

w = 109. 244 rpm

b. When y = 0.90

y=

( )
0.90= ( )

w= 14.01 rad/sec
( )
w=

w= 133. 76 rpm

c.

y=

( )
(eq. 1)
 ( )
(eq. 2)

( ) ( )
+ =

0.00344 = 0.90

= 16.17 rad/ sec

( )
w=

w = 154. 412 rpm

2. An open vessel in the form of a paraboloid having its vertex at the bottom is rotated at a
speed of 85 rpm. At this speed the vertex of the paraboloid formed by the water surface was
found to be 1m above the vertex of the containing vessel. When at rest the container
contains 254 liters of water when full.

a.) Find the height of the open vessel.

b.) Find the radius of the open vessel.

c .) How many liters of water will remain in the vessel when rotated at the above mentioned
speed?

Solution:

a.Height of the open vessel:

Vol. of container =

= 0.254

y=

( )
= 8.9 rad/sec

y=H1
( )
H1= ( )
H 1=

H - H 0.1060 = 0

H = 1.097 m.

y=H1

Y = 0.097 m.

b.) Radius of the open vessel

= 85 m.
( )
=

r=

r = 0.148 m.

c.) Volume of water that remain in the vessel:

Vol. of water when full = 254 liters

Vol. of water spilled out = Vol. of small paraboloid

Vol. of water spilled out =

( ) ( )
Vol. of water spilled out =

Vol. of water spilled out = 0.0166

Vol. of remaining water = 254 16.6

Vol. of remaining water = 237.4 liters

3. A hemispherical bowl having a radius of 1m is full of water. If the hemispherical bowl is

made to rotate uniformly about the vertical axis at the rate of 30 rpm.
a . Determine the volume of water that is spilled out.
b . Determine the remaining volume of water in the hemispherical bowl.

a. Volume of water that is spilled out.

h=

( )
=

= 3.14 ad/sec.
( ) ( )
h= ( )

Vol. of water spilled out.

( ) ( )
v=

v = 0.785

b.Remaining volume of water in the hemispherical bowl.

volume of hemisphere:

dv =

V= ( )

V= [ ]

V= * , - [ ]+

V= * , - [ ]+

V= [ ]

v= ( )

V(left) = V (hemisphere) V(paraboloid)

v= ( )

v=
4. An open vertical cylindrical vessel, 2m in diameter and 4m high is filled with water to the
top. If rotated on its own vertical axis in order to discharge a quantity of water to uncover a
circular area at the bottom of the vessel 1m in diameter:
a. Determine the angular speed in rpm.
b .How much water is left in the cylinder after rotation .

SOLUTION:

a.)

h=

Solve for h (by squared property)

( ) ( )

h 4 = 0.25 h

0.75 h = 4

h = 5.33 m
( )
5.33 = ( )

= 10.23 x

= 97.65 rpm

b.)

= (1)(4) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ))
CASE 2: CLOSED CYLINDRICAL VESSEL
5. A closed cylindrical is rotated about its vertical axis. The diameter of the cylinder is 0.20 m
and has a height of 0.12 m . It is filled with water at a depth of 0.10 m and the rest is filled up
with air.
a . What rotating speed is necessary for the water to just touch the bottom of the center of
the tank in rpm?
b . What is the pressure at the bottom of the periphery of the tank?

a. Rotational speed

Volume of air does not change

( ) (0.02) = (0.12)

R= 0.0577 m

y=

= 26. 59 rad/sec
( )
=

= 253. 92 pm

b. pressure at the bottom of the periphery of the tank.

h=

( ) ( )
h= ( )
 h = .36 m

= 9.81(0.36)

= 3.53 kPa

= 3530 Pa

6. 4. A closed cylindrical vessel 3 m. in diameter and 6 m high is filled with water to a height
of 4.5 m. The rest is filled with air, the pressure of which is 105 kPa. If the vessel is rotated at
191 rpm about its axis, determine the maximum and minimum inside pressure at the base.

Speed of rotation
( )
=

=20 rad/sec

TIP: Multiply rpm by /30 for fast conversion to rad/sec. Notice that the above procedure is
actually a multiplication of this amount.

h= 2

When x = r = 1.5 m, y = h
20 .5 )
h= 2 9.8

h= 45.871 m
Determine the position of the vortex.
( y(height of the paraboloid) = )

=y

=y
( )
y= 12m> 6m
since >h

= 2

( )
= ( )

= (eq.1)

= 2

( )
= ( )

= ; = +6

( ) ( )

h= ( )

( ) ( )( ) ( )

= ( ) (( )

= ( ) ( )

= 0.9246 + 2.7738

7. 8291 = 0.9246

= 8.468 m

The minimum pressure at the base occurs at all points within the circle of radius x 1 and is equal
to the original air pressure.
Pmin=105 kPa

The maximum pressure will occur anywhere along the circumference of the base.
Pmax=105+ hy = 05+9.8 45.87 8.468

Pmax=471.92 kPa
7. A closed tank 2m in diameter and 3m in high is filled with water and rotates about its axis
at 100 rpm. A pressure gage at the center of the top reads 30 kPa during rotation.

a. Determine the equivalent height of fluid above the top along its periphery.

b. Determine the pressure at the outer perimeter at the bottom of the tank.

c. Determine the pressure at the bottom of the tank at the center.

SOLUTION:

a. Equivalent height of fluid above the top along its periphery

h
h= 3.06 m

( )

( )
( )
y= 5.59 m

height = h + y
height = 3.06 + 5.59

height = 8.65 m

b. Pressure at the outer perimeter at the bottom of the tank

H = 5.59 + 3.06 + 3

H = 11.65 m

P= H

P = 9.81(11.65)

P= 114. 29 kPa

c. Pressure at the bottom of the tank at the center

P=

P = 9.81(3 + 3.06)

P=59.45 kPa
CASE 3: PIPES AND TUBES

8. A 75mm diameter pipe , 2 m long is filled with water and capped at both ends . It is held on
a plane inclined 60 with the horizontal and rotated about a vertical axis through its lower
end with constant angular speed of 5 rad/ sec . Compute the pressure at the upper end of the
pipe and determine the minimum pressure and its location in the pipe.

SOLUTION:

Since there is no initial pressure in the pipe the pressure head at the lower end of the pipe will
remain equal to the static pressure head of 1.73 m , and therefore the vortex of the paraboloid
will be 1.73m above the lower end.

( )

h= 1.274

a. pressure at the upper end

= (9.81)1.274
= 12. 497 kPa
 b. minimum pressure

solve for h

h = y+z
z= 1.73 x tan 60
= =
y= 1. 274
h = 1.274 + (1.73 x tan 60) eq. 1

minimize h :

x= 0.68 m
a = xsec 60
a= 0.68 sec 60 = 1.36 m

from eq 1

h = .274 ( ) + 1.73 (0.68) tan 60

h = . 4 m

= 9.81(1.41)

= 11. 196 kPa located 1.36 m from the lower end (along the pipe)

9. 1.) At what angular velocity must a U-tube 0.30 m. in width and filled with water to a depth of 0.30
m. be rotated about its axis to cause the water at a to vaporize?

2.) Find the absolute pressure at B in kPa.

3.) Find the absolute pressure at B in bars.

Solution:

To cause the water at A to vaporize, we assume the pressure of water at A to be absolute zero
or the required pressure head to be 760mm of Hg.

= 0.76 (13.6)

= 10.34
h = 10.34 + 0.30 = 10.64
r
h=

( )
10.64 = ( )

= 96.32 rad/sec
( )
=

= 919.81 rpm

b.) Absolute pressure at B in kPa

= 9.81 (10.64)

= 104.4 kPa

c.) Absolute pressure at B in bars

= 1.044 bars

w = 154. 412 Note : 1 bar = 100 kPa

10. a.) How fast must the U-tube shown be rotated about y-axis so that the
difference of water levels in the tubes is 30 cm.

b.) What is the original height of the mercury when at rest?

c.) what is the maximum pressure at the bottom of the tube on the right side
when it was rotated about the y-axis?

Solution:
a.Speed must the U-tube shown to be rotated about y-axis so that the difference of waterlevels
in the tubes is 30 cm

since: =

y=

4 2
( ) ( )

= 7 rps ( )

= 66. 88 rpm

b.) Original height of the mercury when at rest:

Original height of water

y=

2
( )

y = 9.99 + 30.

y = 39.99 cm

c.) Maximum pressure at the bottom of the tube on the right side when it is rotated about
the y-axis.

9.81 (39.99)

3.92 kPa
DOCUMENTATION:

This group who was assigned to report

and explain the topic: ROTATING
VESSEL. The sub-topic/ cases was
expounded by each member and some
problems was solved to enlighten the
listeners.

LEO BENHUR AYON. He introduced

his groupmates to the class. He also
made an introduction to the report
and derived the first equation.

JAN TROY TANAGRAS. Tubes when

rotated was assigned to him. He
explained it in class.
WIMAR BLESS RAMPING.
V(air initial) = V (air final) : the magic
formula in case two. He explained its
conditions and its relationship.Moreover,
he derived important equations to
remember.

RODEL CASILAGAN. He solved the 2nd

e amples second problem iven.

BENJIE ALVIAR. He answered the 2nd

e amples first problem iven.
KIMBERLY BARCELONA.
She explained closed cylindrical vessel
with pressure and without pressure.

CHINDAFYE DE PERIO.
She derived the second formula which is
the height of the paraboloid.

CHESSA RIVERA.
She derived the volume of the paraboloid.
ALPHSTER JANE GARCIA.
She was assigned
to answer the first problem given.

HELEN GRACE ARIBAS.

She explained the first case in the topic.
Then derived the equation
relating to the case.

AILEEN JOY MOSQUERA. She solved

the second e amples 3rd sub question.
 DURING DISCUSSION.

AFTER THE CLASS.

group pictures.