In 1952, Alexander Todd, un chemist de la Cambridge reusise sa finalizeze analiza ADN-

ului inceputa de altii. Aceasta aratase ca lanturi, fungi, alcatuite din zaharuri si fosfati formau
scheletul molecului de ADN. Bazele de adenina, guanina, timina si citozina/ niste molecule plate,
inelare, continand azot si carbon erau atasate de acest schelet.

In 1952, Alexander Todd, a chemist from Cambridge succeded in finishing the DNA
analyses begun/started by others. This analyse/it had shown that long chains, made of sugars and
phosphetes, formed the DNA molecule skeleton. The bases of adenine, guanine, thymine and
cytosine some flat circular molecules containing nitrogen and carbon-were attached to this
skeleton.

From early stages to El Ninos peak, warm water moved east across to Pacific ocean
because their food sources were driven away by anormally warm water, the californian sea-lion
pups were among hundreds that starved to death. Nursing feamels usually find pleantiful squid
and small fish near the surface but the prey swam deep in search of cooler waters, out of sea-lion
divind range. In non-El Nino years, the pup mortality rate runs about 25%; in 1997 it hit 70.

Inca de la inceputul etapelor initiale la cele de apogeu ale lui El Nino, apa calda s-a
indreptat catre estul oceanului Pacific. Deoarece resursele de hrana au fost indepartate de apa
calda, puii de lei de mare din California s-au numarat printre sutele care au murit de inanitie.
Femelele care alapteaza gasesc de obicei calamari din belsug, dar prada s-a deplasat la adancimi
mai mari in cautarea apelor mai reci in afara razei de scufundare a leilor de mare. In anii in care
s-a manifestat fenomenul El Nino, rata mortalitatii era de aproximativ 25%; in 1997 a ajuns la
70%.