LAINAKU SCHOOLSJOINT EXAMINATION

2016

443/2
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
MARCH /APRIL
2 HOURS

MARKING SCHEME

1 (a) Two distinguishing features of the jersey breed

Light yellowish brown with black shades
Has a black muzzle, tail switch
Has black protruding eyes
(2 x =1Mk)

(b) Two breeds of goats reared for meat production

Galla
Boer
Small East African goat (2 x =1Mk)

2(a) Zoonotic disease

Disease that spread/passed to either animalsor human beings ( x1 = 1/2
Mk)

(a)Examples of zoonotic diseases

Brucellosis ,Anthrax ,Mastitis (2 x =1Mk)

3. Four physiological body processes used to indicate ill health

Pulse rate
Body temperatures
Respiratory rate
Urination/defecation (4 x =2Mks)
Feeding
Level of production

4. Two hormones that influence milk let down

oxytocine
andrenaline (2 x =1Mk)
5. (a) Out crossmating between unrelated animals but of the same breed(1 x
=1/2Mk)
1
Cross breeding mating between animals of different breeds(1 x = 1/2 Mk)

6.Cold water fish(1 x =1/2 Mk)

Trout

7. Signs of calving in an incalfheifer

Heifer isolates herself
Presence of colostrums in the teats
Restlessness
Loss of appetite(4 x =2Mks)
Swelling of vulva
Enlargement of the udder
Clear mucus discharge from the vulva
Ligaments on either side of the tail relaxes

8 .Precautions observedwhen shearing wool in sheep

o Ensure that the shearing floor is clean
o There should be proper drainage of urine and faeces
o Ensure that the wool is free from grease and other oils (4 x
=2Mks)
o Avoid cutting the skin, vulva and testis
o Ensure that shears are in good working conditions

9 (a) Two categories of vitamins

Fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K
Water soluble vitamins B complex and C (1 x
= 1 Mk)

(b) Two sources of water for livestock

Metabollic water
Free water by drinking (2
x =1 Mk)
bound water from succulent feeds

10.Importance of creep area

Enables the piglets to escape crushing by the sow when she is lying down
Prevent the sow from eating the creep feed meant for the piglets (2 x
= 1 Mk)
It provides room for the brooders

11. Precautions when handling bees

Always approach the hive from the back
Use a sharp blade to scrap off a bee sting otherwise rubbing it release more
poison
 Start opening the top bars when you are sure that the bees have been made
docile by smoke
Avoid provoking beeseg: frightening them else they get wild
Be in the right attire when handling bees (4
x =2Mks)

2
12. Riveting tool
Ball pein hammer
Pop rivet gun
Riveting machine ( x 2 =1mk)

13. Differentiate between mortise and marking gauge

A mortise gauge is used to mark lines that are parallel to the edge of wood or
metal while a marking gauge makes one marking line that is parallel to the
edge of wood
or metal.

A mortise gauge has two pins (spurs)while marking gauge has one pins (spur)

(2x1 =2mks)
14a) Role of damp proof course
- Keeps away underground moisture
- Controls termite attack to the building ( x 1 = 1/2 Mk)

b) Role of foot bath

It enables the removal of mud from the hooves. It contains a chemical solution eg : copper
sulphate to control foot rot. ( x 2
=1mk)

15.Disadvantage of thatch as a roofing material

- It is prone to fire
- It is not durable
- Thatch is susceptible to insect damage
- It can easily leak ( x2 = 1mk)

16. Advantages of concrete

Long lasting / durable
Fire proof
Resistant to weather elements
possible to mould into different shapes
( x4 = 2mks)

17.Species of camel
Bacterian
Dromedary
( x2 = 1mk)

18. Symptoms of brucellosis in cattle

Pre-mature birth / abortion
 Brown discharge from the uterus after the abortion.
Retention of the after birth
Infertility in cows
Inflammation of the testis
Low sex libido in bulls ( x4 = 2mks)

19. Four effects of ticks

Suck blood from livestock causinganaemia
Act as vectors for pathogenic organisms
Wounds on the skin giving way to secondary infection
3
They lower the value of hides and skins
Make animals restless due to irritation. (
x4 = 2mks)

20 .Disadvantage of using biogas

Biogas production is labour intensive
High initial capital is required to install the digester
Biogas can only be used with few farm operation ( x2 =
1mk)
Installation requires a high level of technology.

SECTION B

21 a) Kenya top bar hive (1x 1 = 1mk)

b) Advantages of KTB
Allows removal of honey combs without causing destruction to the brood.
It is easy to construct
Harvested honey is free from contamination
Top bars can be removed to inspect combs and can be replaced without
problems
More wax and honey is harvested . (2 x 1
= 2 mks)

c) A - Top bars
B - Entrance hole (2 x 1
= 2 mks)

22 a) Jack plane(1x 1 = 1mk)

b) Q - Frog
R - Level cap
S Lateral adjustment lever ( x4 =
2mks)
T - Cam

c) U To adjust the depth of the plane iron

 R To fix the plane iron in position (2 x 1 = 2
mks)

d) Four maintenance practice

Cutting edge of the iron should be sharpened when blunt on oil stone
Replace worn out plane iron and plane iron cap.
Replace broken handles and knobs ( x4
= 2mks)
oiling before storage

23 a)Debeaking
(1x 1 = 1mk)

b) Importance ofdebeaking
Controls cannibalism
Controls egg eating (2
x 1 = 2 mks)
Helps to control toe pecking
Chicken become less aggressive and easy to handle
4
24.a) Bucket feeding (1x
1 = 1mk)

b) Procedure of bucket feeding

Put clean milk in a clean and shallow bucket
Ensure that your fingers are clean
(4x1= 4mks)
Hold the bucket with the left hand and insert 2-3 fingers of your right hand into
the milk and then into the calfs mouth repeatedly.
With the fingers in the calfs mouth guide it into the bucket containing milk
and ensure that the fingers are submerged.
Ensure that the bucket is raised off the ground and the calfs head is slightly
raised.
When the calf learns to take milk from the bucket ie : about 1 days feeding
lessons , let it drink on its own.

SECTION C
25 a) Requirements of a good brooders
(6x1=6mks)
Should have enough drinkers and feeders
Should be spacious
Should be dimlylit
Should be round and without corners to prevent the chicks from huddling
(crowding ) together which would lead to suffocation and crushing one another .
Should be properly disinfected
Should be well ventilated
The floor should becovered with enough and dry litter.
Brooders should be free from chilly conditions and strong winds (drought free )
b) Artificial and natural incubation (1x10 = 10mks)
The natural method is cheap while the artificial one is expensive
Labour is involved to turn eggs in artificial method while a hen does the turning
in the natural method
The artificial method elemands a lot of skills while natural requires less skills .
Natural less risky while artificial more risky in case of machine failure
Planning on when to incubate is possible with the artificial method but is not
possible with the natural method.
Egg production continues with the artificial method while it stops with natural
method .
Diseases and parasites can be easily spread from the hen to the chicks in natural
while artificial easy to control parasites and diseases .
Many chicks can be hatched at once with the artificial method but few with the
natural method.

c) Factors affecting digestibility (4x1=4mks)

Ratio of energy to proteins or ratio of carbohydrates to proteins ie : the high the
ratio the lower the digestibility .
Form in which the feed is given eg : whether whole or crushed.
Level of feeding / quantity of food already in the gastro - intestinal tract
Animal species in relation to the type of food given
Food chemical composition eg : high cellulose content in a feed leads to low
digestibility.
5

26 a) Factors considered when sitting farm structures (10x1

=10mks)
Wind direction
Soil type
Security
Accessibility of the structures
Location of the structures inlation to the existing structure

Topography / drainage
Local government regulation / government policy
Farm enterprises of the structures
Availability of space for future expansion
Direction of the sun / position of the sun
Amenities eg : electricity , water
Farmers taste and preference (10 x 1 =10 mks)

b) Rearing of lambs from lambing to weaning

Supervise lambing incase of malpresentation call for veterinary officer to assist .

Allow mother to lick the lamb
Incase of retained placenta give it physical exercise to activate expulsion of
placenta.
 Cut and disinfect umbilical cord
Ensure the lamb is breathing well and if not apply artificial respiration.
Ensure the lamb sucks colostrums in the 1st 6 hours of life .
Give the lambs colostrums for the next 2-3 days
Lamb should remain with their mothers for the next 2 days
Give whole milk for 4-6 weeks.
Lambs which do not receive enough milk should be fed artificially or given to
foster mother .
Give succulents / soft herbage / concentrate at 6 weeks old .
Gradual change of feed at weaning age 4-5 weeks
Give plenty of clean water
Deworm to control internal parasite
Spray with recommended acaricides to control external parasites .
Treat lambs when sick
Vaccinate lambs to control disease spread
Hoof trim to control foot rot disease
Keep records
Weigh lambs at birth and record the weight .
Carry out identification of lambs (10 x 1 = 10
mks)

6
27a) Differences between ruminant and non- ruminant
Ruminant Non-Ruminant
Chew cud Do not chew cud
Polygastric Monogastric
Regurgitate food Cannot regurgitate food
Digest cellulose Cannot digest cellulose
Have no ptyalin in saliva Have ptyalin in saliva
Digestion and absorption takes place Digestion and absorption occur in
in Rumen small intestines
Have alkaline saliva due to ammonia Saliva is neutral

** Mark as a whole and well matched

(5x1 =5mks)

b) Procedure of milking a dairy cow

Gather all the milking equipment and materials
Restrain the cow properly
Check for mastitis in each quarter
Wash and dry the udder properly
Milk the cow
Remove all the milk
Apply milk salve on the teats
Release the cow
Strain the milk
Weigh the milk
 Record the amount of milk
Store milk in cool place
Wash all the milking equipments and materials
Clean the milking parlour.

c) Structural and function differences of diesel and petrol engine

(4x1=4mks)
Structural

Diesel Engine Petrol Engine

No spark plug Has spark plug
Has an injector pump Has a carburetor
Has sediment bowl Has no sediment bowl
Heavy and stronger in power Light and weaker in power output
output

Functional

Diesel Engine Petrol Engine

uses compression ignition system
diesel is less flammable
High compression ratio of 16 20 :
1
Air and fuel meet in the cylinder
before ignition
low specific fuel consumption
low operational costs
produces a lot of smoke
Diesel is heavy and therefore suited
for heavy machinery
Uses spark ignition system
Petrol is highly flammable
Low compression ratio of 6 -8 : 1
Air and fuel meet in the
carburetor before ignition
High specific fuel consumption
High operational costs
Less production of smoke
Petrol is light and therefore
suited to light machinery.