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Hippocrates of Chios (450 BC)

(Squared, Circle + Lune = Triangle + Hexagon)*

THE REALITY OF COSMIC PI


(A Revised Study)

The traditional value is 3.1415926 The Cosmic value is


14 2
3.1464466... And it is a revised paper to see the existence of Cosmic
4
. The Cosmic was observed first in March 1998. From that great and
memorable moment onwards till today this has been studied for the
14 2
existence of in 159 geometrical constructions. Many people wrote
4
comments on this value. Some Professors have named this number Cosmic ,
Indian , Vedic , Reddys etc. However, Cosmic has been chosen for this
number. People who have sent their comments in the last 19 years is long.
However, a few comments are added to this paper and this author is grateful
to all these Honourable Professors.

1. OK. Good luck with theorems about your Cosmic Pi constant


David H. Bailey (13 Jan, 2017)
2. I appreciate it very much and wish you good luck in your research on
this ancient topic Eli Maor (14 June, 2016)
3. I really enjoy your innovative approach to Pi. Being indoctrinated by
the standard education, I have a difficulty agreeing with your
statements and proof, taken literally, but I appreciate that there is a lot
of wisdom in them. Doron Zeilberger (13 July 2016)
4. Thank you for sending me your novel ideas of computing the value of
Pi and areas and circumference of a circle without the use of Pi. There
are still mysteries in mathematics that come to light in the years to
come I am wondering why such results are not published in well-
known mathematics journals. Did you try to publish these results
- JN Reddy (7 August 2016)

*
This author adores Hippocrates of Chios and he foresaw the algebraic nature of Pi by squaring circle and
Hippasus of Metapontum (who introduced 2)
2

5. Congratulations for finding formula for area and circumference of


circle without using Pi. Shiv Datt Kumar (Aug 17, 2016)
6. Thanks, this is true Experimental Mathematics
Doron Zeilberger (15 July 2016)
7. Dear Author, Thanks for your recent submission of the above paper to
AMC, the Advances in Mathematics of Communications.
Unfortunately your valuable work is not covered by the scope of this
journal, although there is unquestioned intellectual merit in it.
Decision from Editorial Office on Subject: IS PI REALLY A
TRANSCENDENTAL NUMBER
American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (6 June 2016)
8. Many, many thanks for sending me this document. It is most
illuminating. It validates that Pythagoras had spent considerable time
in the middleeast, and perhaps in India (or in places where the Indian
influence was significant in terms of science and learning at the time)
before he started his school in Sicily. This fits right into my suspicion
that a lot of Greek knowledge came from the East. Many, thanks
again to you for sending me this ! Firdaus Udwadia (Apr 9, 2016)
9. R.S.J. Reddy, A very original Pi scholar, that dares defy the
conventional wisdom that Pi is not algebraic. In fact, according to Dr.
Reddy, it is (14 2^(1/2)/4. Doron Zeilberger (July 15, 2016)
10. In this privately published pamphlet, the author permits us to share
1
his extraordinary discovery that the true value of is
4

14 2 .
Gerry Leversha (The Mathematical Gazette, London, Vol. 87, No. 509, July 2003)

Approach I : First example:

1. Square : ABCD, Side = a,


Circle : Center = O, Diameter = EF = a
Diagonal = BD = 2a
2. Here is a mathematical equation. And
this equation equalizes square and circle.
In physics there is one equation E = mc2
which equalizes Energy and Matter with
the help of velocity of Light.
3

3. The Mathematical equation is


4a + 2 a = 14 a
OR
4 circumferences + Diagonal = 14 sides
4. Pythagorean theorem is 2500 year old. Till now we have only one
method to find the length of the diagonal. Thus, there is no second
method to find the diagonal of a square. And also there is no necessity
also for a second method.
14 2
After the discovery of Cosmic equal to , the diagonal
4
length of superscribed square can be calculated with the help of
Cosmic . Cosmic calculates the exact length of the circumference of
the inscribed circle.
5. So, for the first time, it has been observed that the perimeter of the
inscribed circle gives the exact length of the diagonal of the
superscribed square, also.
The above equation can be rewritten as
14 2
4 2 14 where a = 1
4
So, in Gods Creation we see for the first time that He made square
and circle as equal geometric entities.
Circle is a curve with no terminal ends. Hence, circle is called as an
endless-arc. Square has four equal straight lines as its 4 sides; One
Professor has called A straight line can be thought of as an arc of a circle
with zero curvature Richard J. McIntosh
6. So, as we are able to get correct length of the diagonal of a
superscribed square from the correct length the circumference of its
inscribed circle, it is a proof that diagonal represented by 2 and
14 2
circular constant called Cosmic represented by both are
4
real.
Let us see three more approaches for the reality of Cosmic .
4

Approach II : Second example:

7. Square : ABCD, Side = AB = a


Circle, Center = O
Diameter = Side = a = JK
Parallel side = EH = a
Triangle = FOG
a
Radius = OF = OG =
2
Diagonal = AC = BD = 2a
Hypotenuse = FG = Radius x 2
= OF x 2 =
a 2a
2
2 2
Parallel side Hypotenuse
8. DE = EF = GH = CH =
2
EH FG 2a 1 2 2
= a a
2 2 2 4
2 2
So, CH = a
4
2 2 2 2
9. HB = BC CH = a a a
4 4
10. When a circle is inscribed in the square, the perimeter of the circle
impregnates its length in the perimeter of its superscribed square. The
perimeter of circle is so clear that we can easily find out how the
perimeter of circle can be demarcated in the perimeter of the square.
11. As the perimeter of square is equal to 4a and the perimeter of the circle
is equal to a, the difference between the two is 4a a 4 a .
14 2
12. Here is the second example for the presence of Cosmic in
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this geometrical proof.
2 2
13. In the Step 9, we have seen HB length is equal to a
4
2 2
14. 4 a a
4
5

14 2
Here is Cosmic
4
No other value can be equated to HB length.
14 2 2 2
4 a a
4 4
So, only Cosmic satisfies that and equates
Square perimeter Circle perimeter = HB length

Approach III : Third example:

15. AB = JK = Side = Diameter = a


2 2
CH = a
4
2 2
HB = a
4
3a a
16. AM = , MB =
4 4
17. Area of Rectangle = Shaded area
2 2
NM = HB = a
4
a
NH = MB =
4
2 2 a 2 2 2
Area = NM x NH = a = a
4 4 16
18. Square area = a2
a 2
Circle area =
4
Square area Circle area = Shaded area
a 2 4 2
a2 a
4 4
19. In the step 17 we have seen the rectangle
2 2 2
area NMBH is equal to a
16
4 2 2 2 2
20. a a
4 16
6

14 2
Here also is Cosmic . No other value can be equated to
4
NMBH rectangle.
4 a2 2 2 a2

4 16
14 2 1 2 2 2 2
= 4 a a
4 4 16

Approach IV : Fourth example = Total Circle Area

Draw a circle with center 0 and radius a/2. Diameter is a. Draw 4


equidistant tangents on the circle. They intersect at A, B, C and D resulting in
ABCD square. The side of the square is also equal to diameter a. Draw two
diagonals. E, F, G and H are the mid points of four sides. Join EG, FH, EF, FG,
GH and HE. Draw four arcs with radius a/2 and with centres A, B, C and D.
Now the circle square composite system is divided into 32 segments and
number them 1 to 32. 1 to 16 are of one dimension called S1 segments and 17
to 32 are of different dimension called S2 segments.

ABCD = Square; Side = a, EFGH = Circle, diameter = a, radius = a/2

6 2 2 2 2 2
Area of the S1 segment = a ; Area of the S2 segment = a
128 128

6 2 2 2 2 2 2
Area of the square = 16 S1 + 16S2 = 16 a 16 a a
128 128
7

Area of the inscribed circle = 16S1 + 8S2=


6 2 2 2 2 2 14 2 2
16 a 8 a a
128 128 16

d 2 a 2 14 2 2
General formula for the area of the circle a ;
4 4 16

where a= d = side = diameter


14 2

4

The areas quoted for S1 and S2 can be verified with the following
proof. Let A denote the area of the circle with radius a/2. And let us
note that we will not assume it is given by any specific formula. We can
find the area of 2S1 by subtracting the area of the upper right triangle
from 1/4th area of the circle. So
2
1 1a
2S1 A
4 22

On the other hand, we can compute the area of 2S2 by subtracting


1/4th the area of the circle from the area of the upper right square. Side
a
of the square =
2
2
a 1
2S 2 A
2 4
Using the proposed formulas for the areas of

a2 6 2 a2 2 2
S1 = and S2 =
32 4 32 4

and solved each equation for A = Area of the Circle.


From the first equation
2
6 2 2 1 1a 14 2 2
2 a A A a
128 4 22 16
And from the second equation we derive

2 2 2 a2 1 14 2 2
2 a A A a
128 4 4 16
8

As we have obtained the same value for area of the circle from the above two
equations the proposed area formulas for S1 and S2 are correct.

Approach V : Fifth example - Circumference method:


Draw a square. Draw two diagonals. Inscribe a circle. Side =
a, Diagonal = 2 a, Diameter is also = a = d.

1) Straighten perimeter of the square. Perimeter = 4a

Perimeter Sum of the lengths of two diagonals = 4a 2 2a = esp


esp = end segment of the perimeter of the square.
2) Straighten similarly the circumference of the inscribed circle

3 diameters plus some length, is equal to the length of the circumference.


Let us say circumference = x.
Circumference 3 diameters = x 3a = esc
esc = end segment of the circumference of the circle.
3) When the side of the square is equal to a, the radius of the inscribed
circle is equal to a/2. So, the radius is 1/8th of the perimeter of the square.
4) The above relation also exists between the end segment of the
circumference of the circle and the end segment of the perimeter of the
square.
Thus, as radius (a/2) of the inscribed circle is to the perimeter of the square
(4a), i.e., 1/8th of it, so also, is the end segment of the circumference of
the circle, is to the end segment of the perimeter of the square.
So, the end segment of the circumference
end segment of the perimeter of the square
=
8
esp 4a 2 2a 14a 2a
esc = x 3a x = circumference
8 8 4
5) Circumference of the circle = d = a (where a = d = diameter)
14a 2a 14 2
a
4 4
9

Approach VI : Sixth example - No More Pi for Circle


The area / circumference of a circle can be calculated without
using constant.
7r 2r
Area = r
2 4
2r 2r
Circumference = 6r where r is radius
2
When the new formulas are equated to r2 and 2r we get value equal
14 2
to . It is impossible to derive 3.14159265358 from a formula as above
4
with radius alone. This number has failed all the great mathematicians of the
past in this regard, and is a clear proof that 3.14159265358 is not a real
value.

Conclusion: A Great Mathematical Equation

4a + 2 a = 14a

OR
4 circumferences + Diagonal = 14 sides

14 2
So, Cosmic is real.
4

R.D. Sarva Jagannadha Reddy


E-mail: rsjreddy134194@gmail.com
10

Modern work has raised the upper bound for Pi constant of Archimedes
22/7 = 3.142 to 3.146. Here is the evidence from the following book

CALCULUS AND ANALYTIC GEOMETRY


by Edwards Jr and David Penney (1985)
2nd Edition, Pg No. 295

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