CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The urinary system is composed of organs that regulate the chemical composition and

volume of the blood and as a result excrete mostly nitrogenous waste products and water [1].

Because it provides an opening to the outside environment, we as individuals must be

aware of the possible danger it can cause since the urinary system is prone to infections from

external contacts. In view of the fact that the mucosal membranes that line the urinary system are

moist compared to skin, therefore, it is more supportive for bacterial growth [1].

The urinary system normally contains few microbes, but it is subject to opportunistic

infections that can be quite troublesome. Bacterial infections of the urinary system are usually

caused by microbes that enter the system from external sources. In the United States there are

about seven million urinary tract infections each year. One of the reason stated is because of the

proximity of the anus to the urinary opening, thus intestinal bacteria predominate in urinary tract

infections. Urinary tract infections are one of the most common disorders, second only to upper

respiratory tract infections. According to the American Medical Association 25-35% of women

between the ages of 20 and 40 have had a urinary tract infection. Most of these infections occur

in healthy women with normal urinary functioning [1, 2].

This is why it is important to generate increased knowledge and deeper understanding

about urinary tract infection and how womens health and wellbeing is affected in relation to UTI

for the purpose of promoting a good health.

 It is in this context that the researchers were motivated to determine the prevalence of

urinary tract infection among female students of Education Department in Sorsogon State

College.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among female

students of Education Department in Sorsogon State College.

Specifically, it attempts to answer the following questions:

1. What is the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among female students of

Education Department in Sorsogon State College?

2. What are the common symptoms experienced by female students with urinary tract

infection?
3. Is it true that eating habits can be one cause urinary tract infection?
4. What are the recommendations given by the physicians in students with urinary tract

infection?

Hypothesis

There is a high prevalence of urinary tract infection among female students since students

nowadays are fond of eating junk foods and carbonated drinks.

Conceptual Framework
 The conceptual paradigm in Figure 1 explains the framework of this study. Input as used

in this study refers to prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among female education

students of Sorsogon State College. It includes the eating habits of the students, the common

symptoms experienced by the female students with urinary tract infection and the

recommendations of preventing urinary tract infection.

Process as shown are instruments to be used in determining the prevalence of urinary

tract infection among female education student of Sorsogon State College. Such as survey

questionnaire and comparative analysis.

The output provides insights to the researchers on how to prevent the occurrence of

urinary tract infection among students and to provide recommendations about this case.

Feedback shows the relationship between the variables. If input is not that good then the

expected output will not be realized. Meaning the input serves as the springboard of good output.

The arrow pointing towards the process and input shows the important of one another in the

study.

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
 1. What is the
prevalence of Urinary
Tract Infection (UTI)
among female students
of Education
Survey Questionnaire
Department in Sorsogon
State College? Checklist To reduce the occurrence
2. What are the of urinary tract infection
common symptoms (UTI) among female
experienced by female
Education students of
students with Urinary
Comparative Analysis Sorsogon State College.
Tract Infection (UTI)?

3. Is it true that eating

habits can be one cause
Urinary Tract Infection?

4. What are the

recommendations of
physicians in preventing
Urinary Tract Infection?

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

Scope and Delimitation

 This study will only focus on prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among female

students of Education Department studying in Sorsogon State College, Sorsogon City Campus,

Academic Year 2013-2014. Fifty six (56) female education students from first year to third year

levels are the respondents on the study of the researchers. The researchers chose the mentioned

respondents since females get more UTIs than males.

Further, this study will only deal with the occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI)

among female students identified by the respondents as well as the eating habits that may be

directly related to this infection. This is to have an in depth understanding of the topic.

However this study will not deal on other infectious cases which are not related to urinary

tract infection. This study will only be focused on the occurrence within the Education

Department from 1st year to 3rd students of Sorsogon State College, Sorsogon City, disregarding

education 4th year level and the prevalence from other courses and campuses.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study may be beneficial to the following:

Female Student. The result of this study may help the female students of Sorsogon State

College to be aware of the cause of urinary tract infection and the symptoms manifested. It is

also to inform them the general ways of preventing urinary tract infection.

Teachers. The teacher may be able to strengthen the knowledge of the students with

regards to urinary tract infection and aid them to advice the students healthy diet.

Parents. The results of this study could guide and teach their children the proper way of

sanitation and how to prevent the occurrence of urinary tract infection. Furthermore, the
awareness to monitor the food they prepare for their children and help parents in the proper menu

that they need to feed their children.

Community. The results of this study could help them to be aware of the prevalence of

the urinary tract infections in the community. This study will emphasize the importance for them

to conduct health seminars in the community so that the prevalence of urinary tract infection will

decrease.

School Clinic. The result of this study may help them to inform students of the proper

way of sanitation and provide recommendations to prevent the prevalence of urinary tract

infection. This will also help them to conduct some seminars that are related in proper sanitation

that will lessen the cases of infectious diseases.

Future Researchers. Results of this study may be used as their reference in conducting

another research.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are conceptually and

scientifically defined:

Prevalence- Occurrence or incidence

Symptoms- A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease

Urinary tract- Urinary bladder

 Infection- Interaction between a host and a multiplying microbe that usually involves

tissue (or cell) penetration and results in a host response to eliminate the microbe or to protect

the host against further invasion or reinfection.

Urinary Tract Infection- when bacteria get into the urinary tract and multiply
 NOTES

1. Tortora, et.al. Microbiology - An Introduction 10th Edition. 2010. Pearson Education,

Inc., Publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

2. Urinary Tract Infections. Dartmouth College Health Service. Trustees of Dartmouth

College. 2014. Last Updated: 4/5/10

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