MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS (BIO 1001) ASSIGNMENT NO. 2 - ODD SEMESTER 2016
1. A group of three scientists Bateson, Saunders and Punnett crossed a homozygous strain of peas having purple flowers
and long pollen grains with a homozygous strain having red flowers and round pollen grains. All the F1 had purple flowers
and long pollen grains. When they intercrossed the F1 generation, the resulting F2 Progeny appeared in the following ratio:
Purple flowers long pollen 284, Purple flowers round pollen 21, Red flowers long pollen 21 and Red flowers round pollen
55. (4 marks)
a. Which is the dominant and the recessive allele for the two characters?
b. What is the genotype of the parental Generation and F1 Generation? Show all the cross till the F2 generation.
c. Based on this information, can you predict these two characters are assorting independently or not? Explain with
proper reasoning.
d. Are they located on the same chromosomes? Justify by calculating the gene distances.

2. In an experiment involving Drosophila (fruit fly), the characters of wing length and body color were observed. The trait
of brown body and normal wing length is dominant over the trait of black body and short wings. (3 marks)
a. Represent the cross between two true breeding fruit flies having the phenotype of brown body, short wings and
black body, normal wings. Also determine the genotypes of the Parental and F1 generation for this cross. (1 mark)
b. The F1 individual from the previous cross is mated to a male fruit fly with black body and short wings. The total
number of progenies in the F2 generation are 1600 offsprings. If the resultant F2 generation has 800 offsprings with
phenotype of brown body short wings and 800 offsprings with phenotype of black body and normal wings, will the
genes be linked or not? Justify. (1 mark)
c. If the result for F2 generation is as follows: Brown body normal wings- 85; brown body short wings- 712; black
body normal wings- 728 and black body short wings- 75, determine the gene distance between body color and wing
length genes. (1 mark)

3. In cats, curled ears (Cu) result from an allele that is dominant over an allele for normal ears (cu). Black fur color results
from an independently assorting allele (G) that is dominant over an allele for gray fur color (g). A gray cat homozygous for
curled ears is mated with a homozygous black cat with normal ears. All the F1 cats are black and have curled ears. Answer
the following questions using appropriate crosses: (4 marks)
a. If two of the F1 cats mate, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the F2?
b. An F1 cat mates with a stray cat that is gray and possesses normal ears. What phenotypes and proportions of progeny
are expected from this cross?
c. An F1 cat mates with a stray cat having the phenotype of black color and curly ears. How can this cross help in
determining the genotype of the stray cat?
d. An error in the experiment occurs such that for some of the progenies the genotype is not noted. Suggest a method
to confirm the genotype for these unlabeled progenies.

4. In a dihybrid cross between two pea plants with traits axial flower position (A) was found dominant over terminal flower
position (a) and smooth endosperm (S) being dominant over constricted endosperm (s) texture. In one such cross, pea
plants heterozygous in both traits were crossed. In the F1 generation, what is the ratio of plants having: (2 Marks)
a. Both traits in homozygous genotype.
b. Both traits with heterozygous genotype.

5. In Magella, some plants have leaves with mild curved edges and others have deeply slit leaves. A cross is made between
homozygous individuals having deep and mild slit leaves. The mild trait is dominant. (2 marks)
a. Using M and m to symbolize the genes for this trait, give the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the F1 generation.
b. If self-pollination is allowed, what is the phenotypic ratio for the F2 generation?
6. In Solanum, a gene for tall plants (S) is dominant over its allele for short plants (s). The gene for red fruits (T) is dominant
over its allele for yellow fruits (t). The genes are not linked. Calculate both phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the results
of each of the following crosses: (4 marks)
a. SsTt x SsTt b. ssTt x sstt c. Sstt x ssTt d. SSsTt x tt
 7. In the following human pedigree, assume
that the individual marked with an asterisk(*)
does not carry any allele associated with the
affected phenotype and that no other mutation
spontaneously occurs. Use R or XR for the
allele associated with the dominant phenotype
or r or xr for the allele associated with the
recessive phenotype. (4 marks)
a. What is the most likely mode of
inheritance of this disease?
b. List all the possible genotypes of
following individuals in the pedigree #1, #3.
c. What is the probability of individual A
being affected?
d. What is the probability of individual B
being affected?

8. In a plant having three alleles for the locus of leaf shade, the following relationship exists: Green (G), Yellow (Y) and
Brown (B), where G is dominant to Y and Y is dominant to B. Observe the following crosses and answer the questions
with proper justification: (2 marks)
a. Cross between GB and YB what fraction of the progeny will be brown?
b. Cross between GY and YB, what fraction of the progeny will be yellow?
c. Cross between GG and YB, what fraction of the progeny will be Brown?
d. Cross between BB and YB, what fraction of the progeny will be yellow?
9. In the given pedigree chart, the individuals from
outside the family are all homozygous for the given
trait. Using this information, answer the following
questions:
a. What is the most probable mode of inheritance?
Justify. (1 mark)
b. If the individual 10 and 11 mated, what would be
the probability of the offspring being affected?
Explain.(1 mark)
c. What is the genotype of the individuals #2, #4, #8
and 10? Mention all the possibilities on the basis of
the inheritance pattern.(1 mark each)