CHM1046 FALL 2016

HW Problem Set #3

Professor: Dr. Ryan Cassell

NAME/ID _______________________________________________________

Questions from the book:

Chapter 16: 16.13, 16.14, 16.17, 16.21, 16.25, 16.33, 16.37, 16.43, 16.51, 16.57, 16.59, 16.63,
16.69, 16.73, 16.77, 16.81, 16.83, 16.85, 16.95, 16.97,
Chapter 17: 17.7, 17.17, 17.21, 17.23, 17.25, 17.27, 17.29, 17.41, 17.43, 17.45, 17.47, 17.53,
17.61, 17.63, 17.89, 17.97
Chapter 19: 19.25, 19.29, 19.37, 19.41, 19.43, 19.53, 19.57, 19.59, 19.61, 19.65, 19.71, 19.77,

1) Give the conjugate base for each of the following Bronsted-Lowry acids:
H2SO4, NH4+, H2PO41-, HCN, H2O

1) Give the conjugate acid for each of the following Bronsted-Lowry bases:
SO42- , NH21-, PO43-, HCO31-, H2O

2) The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 3.0 10-8 at 25 C. What is the percent ionization of
hypochlorous acid in a 0.015 M aqueous solution of HClO at 25 C?

3) What is the definition of a strong acid?

4) Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate bases below is the weakest base?

A) OAc- B) CHO2- C) ClO- D) F- E) OAc- and CHO2-

5) Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate acids below is the strongest acid?
A) HClO B) HCO3- C) H2S D) NH3CH3+ E) H2S and HClO

6) What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C that contains 3.98 10-9 M hydronium ion?
A) 8.400 B) 5.600 C) 9.000 D) 3.980 E) 7.000

7) What is the pOH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C that contains 3.98 10-9 M hydronium
ion?
A) 8.400 B) 5.600 C) 9.000 D) 3.980 E) 7.000

8) Calculate the pH of a solution at 25.0 C that contains 1.94 10-10 M hydronium ions.
A) 1.94 B) 4.29 C) 7.00 D) 14.0 E) 9.71

9) Calculate the concentration (in M) of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0 C with a pOH of
4.223.
A) 5.98 10-5 B) 1.67 10-10 C) 1.67 104 D) 5.99 10-19 E) 1.00 10-7

10) Calculate the concentration (in M) of hydroxide ions in a solution at 25.0 C with a pOH of
4.223.
A) 5.98 10-5 B) 1.67 10-10 C) 1.67 104 D) 5.99 10-19 E) 1.00 10-7

11) HZ is a weak acid. An aqueous solution of HZ is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of HZ in

sufficient water to yield 1.0 L of solution. The pH of the solution was 4.93 at 25.0 C. The Ka of
HZ is ________.
A) 1.2 10-5 B) 6.9 10-9 C) 1.4 10-10 D) 9.9 10-2 E) 2.8 10-12

12) The pH of a 0.55 M aqueous solution of hypobromous acid, HBrO, at 25.0 C is 4.48. What
is the value of Ka for HBrO?
A) 2.0 10-9 B) 1.1 10-9 C) 6.0 10-5 D) 3.3 10-5 E) 3.0 104

13) The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 3.00 10-8. What is the pH at 25.0 C of an aqueous
solution that is 0.0200 M in HClO?
A) +2.45 B) -2.45 C) -9.22 D) +9.22 E) +4.61

14) The Ka of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) is 1.8 10-5. What is the pH at 25.0 C of an aqueous
solution that is 0.100 M in acetic acid?
A) +2.87 B) -2.87 C) -11.13 D) +11.13 E) +6.61

15) The acid-dissociation constants of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) are Ka1 = 1.7 10-2 and Ka2 =
6.4 10-8 at 25.0 C. Calculate the pH of a 0.163 M aqueous solution of sulfurous acid.
A) 4.53 B) 1.28 C) 1.86 D) 6.21 E) 1.93
16) The acid-dissociation constants of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are Ka1 = 7.5 10-3, Ka2 = 6.2
10-8, and Ka3 = 4.2 10-13 at 25.0 C. What is the pH of a 2.5 M aqueous solution of
phosphoric acid?
A) 1.82 B) 0.40 C) 2.51 D) 0.86 E) 0.13

17) The pH of a 0.55 M aqueous solution ammonia, NH3, at 25.0 C is 11.50. What is the value
of Kb for NH3?
A) 2.0 10-9 B) 1.1 10-9 C) 6.0 10-5 D) 1.8 10-5 E) none of the above

18) What is the value of Ka for ammonia, NH3, from the above problem #27.

19) The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is ________. What is it used for?

20) In a solution, when the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal,
________.
A) the system is not at equilibrium B) the buffering capacity is significantly decreased
C) the -log of the [H+] and the -log of the Ka are equal D) All of the above are true.

21) Of the following solutions, which has the greatest buffering capacity?
A) 0.521 M HC2H3O2 and 0.217 M NaC2H3O2
B) 0.821 M HC2H3O2 and 0.713 M NaC2H3O2
C) 0.365M HC2H3O2 and 0.497 M NaC2H3O2
D) 0.121 M HC2H3O2 and 0.116 M NaC2H3O2

22) Of the following solutions, which has the greatest buffering capacity?
A) 0.543 M NH3 and 0.555 M NH4Cl B) 0.087 M NH3 and 0.088 M NH4Cl
C) 0.234 M NH3 and 0.100 M NH4Cl D) 0.100 M NH3 and 0.455 M NH4Cl

23) Which of the following could be added to a solution of sodium acetate to produce a buffer?
A) acetic acid only B) acetic acid or HCl acid C) HCl only D) potassium acetate only
E) sodium chloride or potassium acetate

24) Which of the following could be added to a solution of potassium fluoride to prepare a
buffer?
A) sodium hydroxide B) potassium acetate C) hydrochloric acid D) sodium fluoride E)
ammonia

25) Why does fluoride treatment render teeth more resistant to decay?
1) The Ka of benzoic acid is 6.30 10-5. The pH of a buffer prepared by combining 50.0 mL of
1.00 M potassium benzoate and 50.0 mL of 1.00 M benzoic acid is ________.
A) 1.705 B) 0.851 C) 3.406 D) 4.201 E) 2.383

26) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.150 mol of benzoic acid and 0.300
mol of sodium benzoate in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The Ka of benzoic acid is
6.30 10-5.
A) 2.516 B) 3.892 C) 4.502 D) 10.158 E) 4.195

27) Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.150 mol of acetic acid and 0.300 mol
of sodium acetate in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution.
The Ka of acetic acid is 1.76 10-5.
A) 2.516 B) 3.892 C) 4.502 D) 10.158 E) 5.056

28) The pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.350 mol of solid methylamine hydrochloride
(CH3NH3Cl) in 1.00 L of 1.10 M methylamine (CH3NH2) is ________. The Kb for
methylamine is 4.40 10-4. (Assume the final volume is 1.00 L.)
A) 1.66 B) 2.86 C) 10.28 D) 11.14 E) 10.61

29) The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 40.0 mL of 0.125 M Mg(OH)2 and 150.0 mL of
0.125 M HCl is ________.
A) 6.29 B) 4.11 C) 1.14 D) 5.78 E) 1.34

30) The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 50.0 mL of 0.125 M NaOH and 40.0 mL of 0.125
M HNO3 is ________.
A) 13.29 B) 7.00 C) 8.11 D) 11.00 E) 12.14

31) A 50.0 mL sample of an aqueous H2SO4 solution is titrated with a 0.375 M NaOH solution.
The equivalence point is reached with 62.5 mL of the base. The concentration of H2SO4 is
________ M.
A) 0.234 B) 0.469 C) 0.150 D) 0.300 E) 0.938

32) Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.322 M in nitrous acid (HNO2) and 0.178 M in
potassium nitrite (KNO2). The acid dissociation constant of nitrous acid is 4.50 10-4.
A) 3.093 B) 3.607 C) 14.26 D) 10.91 E) 4.589

33) Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?
A) Ssystem B) Ssurroundings C) Suniverse D) Huniverse E) Hsurroundings

34) The entropy of the universe is ________.

A) constant B) continually decreasing C) continually increasing D) zero

35) S is positive for the reaction ________.

A) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (g) B) 2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g)
C) 2Hg (l) + O2 (g) 2HgO (s) D) BaF2 (s) Ba2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq)
E) CO2 (g) CO2 (s)

36) S is positive for the reaction ________.

A) 2NO (g) + O2 (g) 2NO2 (g)
B) 2N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
C) C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)
D) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) MgCl2 (s)
E) C2H4 (g) + H2 (g) C2H6 (g)

37) Which reaction produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

A) 2C (s) + O2 (g) 2CO (g) B) CO2 (s) CO2 (g)
C) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (l) D) H2O (l) H2O (g)
E) CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

38) Which reaction produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

A) 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g)
B) Na (s) + 1/2 Cl2 (g) NaCl (s) C) 2 HgO (s) 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
D) UF6 (s) U (s) + 3F2 (g) E) H2O (s) H2O (g)

39) S is negative for the reaction ________.

A) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) B) NH4Cl (s) NH3 (g) + HCl (g)
C) PbCl2 (s) Pb2+ (aq) + 2Cl- (aq) D) 2C (s) + O2 (g) 2CO2 (g)
E) H2O (l) H2O (g)

40) Consider the reaction:

FeO (s) + Fe (s) + O2 (g) Fe2O3 (s)

Given the following table of thermodynamic data,

determine the temperature (in C) above which the reaction is nonspontaneous.

A) This reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
B) 618.1
C) 756.3
D) 2438
E) 1235

41) The value of S for the catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethene,

C2H2 (g) + H2 (g) C2H4 (g)

is ________ J/K mol.

A) +18.6 B) +550.8 C) +112.0 D) -112.0 E) -18.6

42) The combustion of acetylene in the presence of excess oxygen yields carbon dioxide and
water:

2C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)

The value of S for this reaction is ________ J/K mol.

A) +689.3 B) +122.3 C) +432.4 D) -122.3 E) -432.4
43) The value of S for the reaction

2C (s, diamond) + O2 (g) 2CO (g)

is ________ J/K mol.

A) -185.9 B) +185.9 C) -9.5 D) +9.5 E) -195.7

44) Calculate the value of G, H, & S for the formation of POCl3 from its constituent
elements at 25C.

P2 (g) + O2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) 2POCl3 (g)

is ________ J/K mol.

45) Calculate the value of G, H, & S for the formation of phosphorous trichloride from its
constituent elements at 25C.

P2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) 2PCl3 (g)

is ________ kJ/mol.

46) Calculate the value of G, H, & S for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous
sulfur trioxide at at 25C.

2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2( g) 2SO3 (g)