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Grade stress is normally taken from Tables 8 and 10 of BS 5268 for service
classes 1 and 2. See tables 1, 2 and 3 below.
Grade stress values for service class 3 obtained by multiplying the values in
Tables 8 and 10 of BS 5268 including moduli by K2 from table 16 from BS 5268.
Bending Modulus of
Tension Compression Shear
stress Elasticity
parallel parallel parallel parallel
perpendicular
Name Grade to to to b to Mean Minimum
a a to grain
grain grain grain grain
m,g,ll t,g,ll c,g,ll c,g,l- g,ll Emean Emin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm
SS 7,5 4,5 7,9 2,1 0,82 10500 7000
Redwood/whitewood
GS; 5,3 3,2 6,8 1,8 0,82 9000 6000
SS; 7,5 4,5 7,9 2,1 0,82 10500 7000
British larch
GS 5,3 3,2 6,8 1,8 0,82 9000 6000
SS 6,8 4,1 7,5 2,1 0,82 10500 7000
British pine
GS 4,7 2,9 6,1 1,8 0,82 9000 6000
SS 5,7 3,4 6,1 1,6 0,64 8000 5000
British spruce
GS 4,1 2,5 5,2 1,4 0,64 6500 4500
SS 6,2 3,7 6,6 2,4 0,88 11000 7000
Douglas fir
GS 4,4 2,6 5,2 2,1 0,88 9500 6000
SS 9 5,4 9,5 2,4 1,03 11000 7500
Parana pine
GS 6,4 3,8 8,1 2,2 1,03 9500 6000
SS 10,5 6,3 11 3,2 1,16 13500 9000
Pitch pine
GS 7,4 4,4 9,4 2,8 1,16 11000 7500
SS 5,7 3,4 6,1 1,7 0,63 8500 5500
western red cedar
GS 4,1 2,5 5,2 1,6 0,63 7000 4500
SS 7,5 4,5 7,9 2,4 0,85 11000 7500
Douglas fir-larch
GS 5,3 3,2 6,8 2,2 0,85 10000 6000
Strength Classes
Standard Name
C14 C16 C18 C24
Imported
Redwood GS SS
Whitewood GS SS
Western red cedar GS SS
Douglas fir-larch (Canada and USA) GS SS
Parana pine GS SS
Spruce-pine-fir (Canada and USA) GS SS
Western Whitewoods (USA) GS SS
Southern pine (USA) GS SS
British Grown
British larch GS SS
British pine GS
British spruce GS SS
Douglas fir GS SS
Table 3: Grade stress and properties for C14 to D70, services 1 and 2
Shear Modulus of
Bending Tension Compression Compression
parallel elasticity Characteristic Average
parallel parallel parallel perpendicular
Strength to grain to grain to densityb densityb
to grain to graina Mean Min
Class grain
m,g,ll t,g,ll c,g,ll c,g,l- c,g,l- g,ll Emean Emin k mean
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm kg/m kg/m3
C14 4,1 2,5 5,2 2,1 1,6 0,6 6800 4600 290 350
C16 5,3 3,2 6,8 2,2 1,7 0,67 8800 5800 310 370
C18 5,8 3,5 7,1 2,2 1,7 0,67 9100 6000 320 380
C22 6,8 4,1 7,5 2,3 1,7 0,71 9700 6500 340 410
C24 7,5 4,5 7,9 2,4 1,9 0,71 10800 7200 350 420
C27 9,5 6 8,2 2,5 2 1,1 11500 8200 370 450
C30 11 6,6 8,6 2,7 2,2 1,2 12300 8200 380 460
C35 12 7,2 8,7 2,9 2,4 1,3 13400 9000 400 480
C40 13 7,8 8,7 3 2,6 1,4 14500 10000 420 500
D30 9 5,4 8,1 2,8 2,2 1,4 9500 6000 530 640
D35 11 6,6 8,6 3,4 2,6 1,7 10000 6500 560 670
D40 12,5 7,5 12,6 3,9 3 2 10800 7500 590 700
D50 16 9,6 15,2 4,5 3,5 2,2 15000 12600 650 780
D60 18 10,8 18 5,2 4 2,4 18500 15600 700 840
D70 23 13,8 23 6 4,6 2,6 21000 18000 900 1080
Basic Properties K2
Bending parallel to grain 0.8
Compression parallel to grain 0.6
Compression perpendicular to grain 0.6
Shear parallel to grain 0.9
Mean and minimum modulus of elasticity 0.8
(Source: based on table 16, BS 5268: 2002)
K7 h (depth)
1.0 h = 300 mm
1.17 h 72 mm
( )
h > 300 mm
( )
Practical Example 1
The next figure shows a plan and the second floor details of an extension to a
domestic dwelling house. Provide structural calculations to arrive at a suitable
size of the timber floor joists and the beam using timber strength class C16
under service 1. Spacing between the joists = 600 mm centre to centre. The
floor has an effective span of 3m. Imposed loads are equal to 1.5 kN/m2 and
dead loads including weight of joists are equal to 0.43 kN/m2. While choosing
the right beam check also if it passes the deflection standards. If not, you will
need to choose again.
Joist Beam
3.2 m
600 mm
3m 3m
Answer