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A. Corticosterone
B. Renin
C. Dehydroepiandrosterone
D. Aldosterone
E. Norepinephrine
A young man presents with a blood pressure of 175/110 mm Hg. He is found to have a high
circulating aldosterone but a low circulating cortisol. Glucocorticoid treatment lowers his
circulating aldosterone and lowers his blood pressure to 140/85 mm Hg. He probably has an
abnormal
A. 17 -hydroxylase
B. 21 -hydroxylase
C. 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
D. aldosterone synthase
E. cholesterol desmolase
A. Administration of T4
C. Administration of testosterone
D. Hypophysectomy
E. Thyroidectomy
A. D1 thyroid deiodinase
B. D2 thyroid deiodinase
C. D3 thyroid deiodinase
D. Thyroid peroxidase
A. TSH
B. TRH
C. TBG
D. free T4
E. free T3
Which of the following would you expect to find in a patient whose diet has been low in
calcium for 2 months?
A. divalent cations
C. TSH
D. TRH
Match the statement with the lettered steroid conversion that is most closely associated with
it. Primary site of action of ACTH
A. Progesterone corticosterone
B. Corticosterone aldosterone
C. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone dehydroepian-drosterone
D. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 11-deoxycortisol
E. Cholesterol pregnenolone
Match the statement with the lettered steroid conversion that is most closely associated with
it. Produces a 17-ketosteroid
A. Progesterone corticosterone
B. Corticosterone aldosterone
C. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone dehydroepian-drosterone
D. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 11-deoxycortisol
E. Cholesterol pregnenolone
A. brain
B. pancreas
C. gastrointestinal tract
D. plasma
E. adrenal glands
A. B cells : insulin
B. D cells : somatostatin
C. A cells : glucagon
E. F cells : gastrin
C. Hypertension
E. Low plasma K+
A. all tissues
A 57-year-old woman complains of fatigue and weight loss. She has an elevated plasma Ca2+
but her plasma PTH is zero. The most likely diagnosis is
B. Adrenal insufficiency
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Hypopituitarism
A meal rich in proteins containing the amino acids that stimulate insulin secretion but low in
carbohydrate does not cause hypoglycemia because
E. insulin does not bind to insulin receptors if the plasma concentration of amino acids is
elevated
PTH and PTHrP activate the same receptor, but their effects are different. Which of the
following is the most likely explanation of this observation?
A. For unknown reasons, PTHrP acts mainly on fetal tissues, whereas PTH acts mainly on
adult tissues.
B. Plasma PTH is high when plasma PTHrP is low, and vice versa.
D. When PTH binds to the common receptor, it activates adenylyl cyclase, whereas PTHrP
activates phospholipase C.
E. There is an additional receptor in the body that responds to PTH but not to PTHrP.
Match the signs and symptoms with the lettered item that is most appropriate. Progressive
loss of vision
B. -MSH
C. ACTH
D. Growth hormone
E. -Endorphin
A. Steatorrhea
A. GLUT 1
B. GLUT 2
C. GLUT 3
D. GLUT 4
E. SGLT 1
A. uterus
B. prostate
C. placenta
D. anterior pituitary
E. hypothalamus
The secretion of which of the following would be least affected by a decrease in extracellular
fluid volume?
A. CRH
B. Arginine vasopressin
C. Dehydroepiandrosterone
D. Estrogens
E. Aldosterone
Question 293 of 576
A. bone demineralization
Renin is secreted by
D. juxtaglomerular cells
B. ACTH
C. 11 -hydroxylase activity
D. glucuronyl transferase
E. norepinephrine
A. Endocytosis
B. Passive diffusion
A. somatostatin
B. LH
C. oxytocin
D. FSH
Match the condition with the lettered abnormality causing dwarfism that is most closely
associated with it. Laron dwarfism
Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?
A. Progesterone
B. Cortisol
C. Vasopressin
D. Aldosterone
E. Dehydroepiandrosterone
Match the statement with the lettered steroid conversion that is most closely associated with
it. Blocked in congenital 17 -hydroxylase deficiency
A. Progesterone corticosterone
B. Corticosterone aldosterone
C. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone dehydroepian-drosterone
D. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 11-deoxycortisol
E. Cholesterol pregnenolone
A. TSH
B. LH
C. FSH
D. hCG
E. Prolactin
A. Kidneys
B. Skin
C. Liver
D. Lungs
E. Intestine
Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on plasma osmolality?
A. Progesterone
B. Cortisol
C. Vasopressin
D. Aldosterone
E. Dehydroepiandrosterone
A patient with parathyroid deficiency 10 days after inadvertent damage to the parathyroid
glands during thyroid surgery would probably have
A. low plasma phosphate and Ca2+ levels and tetany
C. a low plasma Ca2+ level, increased muscular excitability, and a characteristic spasm of
the muscles of the upper extremity (Trousseau's sign)
E. increased muscular excitability, a high plasma Ca2+ level, and bone demineralization
Match the condition with the lettered abnormality causing dwarfism that is most closely
associated with it. Kaspar Hauser syndrome
A. uterus
B. prostate
C. placenta
D. anterior pituitary
E. hypothalamus
A. 17 -Hydroxyprogesterone
B. Estrone
C. Relaxin
D. Pregnenolone
E. Etiocholanolone
Which of the following exerts the greatest effect on parathyroid hormone secretion?
B. Calcitonin
C. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
A. Progesterone corticosterone
B. Corticosterone aldosterone
C. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone dehydroepian-drosterone
D. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 11-deoxycortisol
E. Cholesterol pregnenolone
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it. A
prohormone
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
B. Structure of PTHrP
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts
E. Bone collagen
A. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
B. Adrenal failure
C. Cancer
E. Precocious puberty
A. Leydig cells
B. Sertoli cells
C. seminiferous tubules
D. epididymis
E. vas deferens
Which of the labeled structures in Figure 23B has a higher concentration of angiotensin II
than plasma does?
Figure 23B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following is least likely to contribute to the beneficial effects of angiotensin-
converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of congestive heart failure?
A. Vasodilation
B. Structure of PTHrP
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts
E. Bone collagen
Drugs and toxins that increase the cAMP content of the intestinal mucosa cause diarrhea
because they
Match the condition with the lettered abnormality causing dwarfism that is most closely
associated with it. Achondroplasia
A. glucose
B. fibrinogen
C. 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
D. conjugated bilirubin
E. estrogens
A. Cachexia
B. Infertility
C. Pallor
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it. An
indole
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
Match the condition with the lettered abnormality causing dwarfism that is most closely
associated with it. Cretinism
A. activates Gs
Puberty does not normally occur in humans under the age of 8 years, because before that age
D. the brain secretes a substance that inhibits the responsiveness of the gonads to
gonadotropins
A scientist finds that infusion of growth hormone into the median eminence of the
hypothalamus in experimental animals inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, and
concludes that this proves that growth hormone feeds back to inhibit GRH secretion. Do you
accept this conclusion?
A. No, because growth hormone does not cross the blood-brain barrier
B. No, because the infused growth hormone could be stimulating dopamine secretion
C. No, because substances placed in the median eminence could be transported to the
anterior pituitary
Match the condition with the lettered abnormality causing dwarfism that is most closely
associated with it. Precocious puberty
Which of the following is not synthesized in both endocrine glands and the brain?
A. Somatostatin
B. Cortisol
C. Dopamine
D. ACTH
E. ER
When a woman who has been on a low-sodium diet for 8 days is given an intravenous
injection of captopril, a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, one would expect
A. her blood pressure to rise because her cardiac output would fall
B. her blood pressure to rise because her peripheral resistance would fall
C. her blood pressure to fall because her cardiac output would fall
D. her blood pressure to fall because her peripheral resistance would fall
E. her plasma renin activity to fall because her circulating angiotensin I level would rise
In infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is
If a young woman has high plasma levels of T3, cortisol, and renin activity but her blood
pressure is only slightly elevated and she has no symptoms or signs of thyrotoxicosis or
Cushing's syndrome, the most likely explanation is that
Home-use kits for determining a woman's fertile period depend on the detection of one
hormone in the urine. This hormone is
A. FSH
B. progesterone
C. estradiol
D. hCG
E. LH
A. A beard
C. A deep voice
E. An enlarged penis
A. cAMP
B. IP3
E. GTP
A. Vitamin E deficiency
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Weight gain
E. Decreased absorption of amino acids
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it.
Primarily involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
A. vagina
B. cervix
C. uterine cavity
D. uterine tubes
E. abdominal cavity
Plasma K+
Which of the following would be expected to cause an increase in ANP secretion from the
heart?
A. Prolactin
B. Growth hormone
C. Erythropoietin
Which set of data in Table 26A would be found in a patient with a resection of the ileum?
Table 26A.
Plasma
Bilirubin
Pattern Direct Indirect Plasma Alkaline Hematocrit Plasma
Phosphatase BileAcids
A
D
E
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
C. Prostaglandins
D. Oxytocin
E. Placental renin
Erythropoietin
A. contains zinc
B. contains iron
C. Related isoforms of guanylyl cyclase are found in the retina and in the penis
D. Related isoforms of phosphodiesterase are found in the retina and in the penis
E. The retina and the penis arise from the same embryonic structure
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it.
Primarily involved in the regulation of the metabolic rate
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it.
Primarily involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid osmolality
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
Many different abnormalities cause diarrhea. Match the diarrhea-producing disorder with the
lettered abnormality most closely associated with it. Lactase deficiency
Water is absorbed in the jejunum, ileum, and colon and excreted in the feces. Arrange these
in order of the amount of water absorbed or excreted from greatest to smallest.
D. Constriction of the aorta between the celiac artery and the renal arteries
A. hypercalcemia
C. iron overload
D. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the patterns in Figure 27A would be seen if plasma from an individual with blood
type O were mixed with red cells from an individual with blood type B?
Figure 27A.
Red blood cells in plasma.
A.
B.
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it.
Increased by injection of ACTH
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
Match the abnormality with the condition it produces. Reflux of gastric contents into the
esophagus
D. Heartburn
E. Sprue
A. stomach
B. duodenum
C. jejunum
D. ileum
E. colon
The pathway from the intestinal lumen to the circulating blood for a short-chain fatty acid (<
10 carbon atoms) is
A. intestinal mucosal cell chylomicrons lymphatic duct systemic venous blood
B. intestinal mucosal cell hepatic portal vein blood systemic venous blood
D. space between mucosal cells chylomicrons lymphatic duct systemic venous blood
E. intestinal mucosal cell LDL hepatic portal vein blood systemic venous blood
Figure 27B.
A. actin
B. free radicals
C. myeloperoxidase
D. cathepsins
E. a Y chromosome
Question 370 of 576
Which set of data in Table 26A would be found in a patient with intravascular hemolysis?
Table 26A.
Plasma
Bilirubin
Pattern Direct Indirect Plasma Alkaline Hematocrit Plasma
Phosphatase BileAcids
A
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(1) fainting may occur because the atria are unable to pump blood into the ventricles
Match the statement with the lettered hormone that is most closely associated with it.
Affected by alterations in iron metabolism
A. Thyroxine
B. Erythropoietin
C. Arginine vasopressin
D. Melatonin
E. Aldosterone
Plasma insulin
Which set of data in Table 26A would be found in a patient with infectious hepatitis?
Table 26A.
Plasma
Bilirubin
Pattern Direct Indirect Plasma Alkaline Hematocrit Plasma
Phosphatase BileAcids
A
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following does not occur as blood passes through the systemic capillaries?
D. Its pH decreases
E. Its red blood cells increase in size
A. death
B. megaloblastic anemia
C. severe malnutrition
D. an increase in the blood level of ammonia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
In which of the patterns in Figure 27A would the hemoglobin in the plasma be highest?
Figure 27A.
A.
B.
Question 378 of 576
A. Gastric juice
C. Pancreatic juice
D. Saliva
E. Secretions of the intestinal glands
D. Heartburn
E. Sprue
Which of the following plasma proteins is not synthesized primarily in the liver?
A. Angiotensinogen
B. C-reactive protein
D. 2-Macroglobulin
E. Fibrinogen
Phloridzin
Many different abnormalities cause diarrhea. Match the diarrhea-producing disorder with the
lettered abnormality most closely associated with it. Operations that bypass the terminal ileum
The symptoms of the dumping syndrome (discomfort after meals in patients with intestinal
short circuits such as anastomosis of the jejunum to the stomach) are caused in part by
D. hypoglycemia
E. hyperglycemia
Many different abnormalities cause diarrhea. Match the diarrhea-producing disorder with the
lettered abnormality most closely associated with it. ZollingerEllison syndrome
Select the letter in Figure 29B that identifies the following. Point where mitral valve opens
Figure 29B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Match the abnormality with the condition it produces. Obstruction of the common bile duct
D. Heartburn
E. Sprue
C. ventricular filling