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FOR ASSOCIATION
CHI SQUARE TEST FOR ASSOCIATION
The Chi-Square test for independence, also called
Pearsons Chi-Square test or the Chi-Square test of association
is used to discover if there is a relationship between
categorical or nominal
Steps to follow in dealing with Chi-Square test
1. State the Hypothesis
2. Set the level of significance (alpha)
3. Compute the value of the statistical test to the
tabular value
4. Compare the value of the statistical test to the
tabular value
5. Interpret and discuss the result
Example: Does college academic grade depend
on the high school NCAE results for the following 200
students? Use 0.01 level of significance.
76 59 79 54
4 = = 22.42 9 = = 21.33
200
200
c. Calculation of the Chi-Square
Observed Expected
Frequency Frequency
(fo) (fe)
13 13.28 -0.28 0.08 0.01
18 19.58 -1.58 2.50 0.13
14 12.15 1.85 3.42 0.28
25 22.42 2.58 6.66 0.30
31 33.06 -2.06 4.24 0.13
20 20.52 -0.52 0.27 0.01
21 23.21 -2.31 5.34 0.23
38 34.37 3.63 13.18 0.38
20 21.33 -1.33 1.77 0.08
= .
Continuation
Step 4: Compare the value Step 5: Interpret and
of the statistical test to the discuss the result
tabular value. Since the statistical
Statistical value=1.55 value for chi-square is 1.55
Tabular value is less than 13.28 which is
df=( 1)( 1) the tabular value at 0.01
level of probability using 4
where: c=# of columns degrees of freedom.
r=# of rows Therefore,we do NOT reject
df=(3-1)(3-1) the null hypothesis. Hence,
df=4locate college grade does NOT
(Appendix D) depend on the high school
2 = 13.28 NCAE results.