KARATE MADE EASY

FIRST EDITION
BY

KINGSLEY IKECHUKWU

THE FOUNDER AND INSTRUCTOR

OF

KSLEY KARATE CLUB DEFEND YOURSELF

?

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE -1-

 MARTIAL ART
Martial arts are basically a fusion of several types of practices and traditions, which are used in
training for combat. Defense is the key objective of people following this practice. Most of these arts
have taken the form of combat sports and some of the form of dancing. Martial arts consist of
punching, kicking, working on elbows and knees, open-hand combat, throwing, joint locks, pinning,
use of modern and traditional weapons. The different and major martial arts types have been
discussed in the following. Read more on martial arts styles comparison.

TYPES OF MARTIAL ARTS

Japanese Martial Arts
The medieval era of Japan witnessed the upcoming of Japanese martial arts. Then, it was a state of
war, fighting and survival and these arts were mainly in practice by the Samurai (a Japanese warrior
who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy) class. During the period when Japanese martial
arts types evolved, people who were acquainted with the knowledge of these arts, mainly applied
them for combat, rather than for sports. It can be considered that, these martial arts provided a safe
and secure way for the common people of Japan to protect themselves from enemy attacks.
The major Japanese martial arts types are Karate, Aikido, Juijutsu, Judo and Kendo. Karate is
primarily an open-handed combat and the name itself signifies the art being unarmed. Aikido is a
self-defensive art where in, one overpowers an enemy without much strength and without causing
mush injury to either of them. Joint locks & throwing techniques are involved in Juijutsu, which is
also known as the gentle art. Judo is adapted from Aikido techniques and is an unarmed combative
sport, while Kendo is about using swords of split bamboo.

Korean Martial Arts

The Korean martial arts types can be observed to bear the influence of Chinese and Japanese martial
arts. These types of martial arts were adapted and modified in Korea. The most common of them are
Taekwondo, and Hapkido, which have their origination in Korea. There were many techniques which
were modified in Korean martial arts and the popular ones are Sin Moo Hapkido, Haidong
Gumdo,Han Pul, Han Mu Do. Kung Sul, Kong Soo Do and Yudo. Some more martial arts types
include Tang Soo Do, Soo Bahk Do, Hoshinsul, Kumdo, Tae Soo Do, Hwarang Do, Tae Kyon, Ship
Pal Ki, Yu Sool etc. Such techniques are considered among the most popular self defense martial
arts, which also involve strength training and training of the mind.

Chinese Martial Arts

When we are talking about the major martial arts types, then not mentioning about the Chinese types
would leave the discussion incomplete. Having existed before the 12th century, these martial arts of

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE -2-

China are considered to be the most traditional and ancient. Strength training, staff sparring, fencing,
and eight methods of Shaolin are the basic and the key emphasis of these types of martial arts. The
different forms of arts which are now established in places such as Japan, Korea and Tibet are
believed to have their origin in China. The most common martial arts types which are practiced even
now include, Hsing I, Kung Fu, Lau Gar, Monkey, Bagua, White Crane, Eagle Claw and Tai Chi
Chuan. Others which are also popular are Hung Gar, Praying Mantis, Drunken Boxingand Wing
Chun.
Talking about the best martial arts types, it would not be appropriate to judge one art from another.
This is due to a simple reason which signifies the fact, that all martial arts types are different and
unique in their own way. They might come to some similarities at some point, however, they bear
certain characteristics which give them a distinguishing mark from each other. Although different, all
these techniques have been evolved with the primary motive of defense and protection against
physical threat. Before winding up, here is a complete list of some of the major Asian martial arts
types.
Indian Martial Arts Haidong Gumdo Genbukan
Han Mu Do Goshin Jujitsu
Gatka
Hankido Hakku-Ryu
Inbuan Wrestling
Hapkido Iaido
Kalaripayat
Yusul Japanese Kickboxing
Lathi
Tang Soo Do Jinenkan
Malla-Yuddha
Hoi Jeon Moo Sool Jodo
Musti Yuddha
Hwa Rang Do Judo
Mukna
BudukanGensei-ryu
Sarit Sarak Indonesian Martial Arts
Genwakai
Silambam
Kokondo
Pencak Silat
Thang-Ta
Kyokushin kaikan
Pencak Silat
Ninjutsu
Korean Martial Arts Silat
Nanbudo
Sindo
Taekwondo Seido Juku
Taekkyeon Japanese Martial Arts Seidokaikan
Sul Ki Do Yoseikan-ryu
Battojutsu
Subak Hayashi-Ha Karate
Bojutsu
GongKwon Yusul Wado-Ryu
Bujinkan
Gwonbeop Yoseikan Budo
Daito-Ryu Aiki-
Choi Kwang-Do Kosho Shorei Ryu
Jujutsu
Chung Suk Kuhapdo Kempo
Dakentaijutsu
Gyongdang Sumo Wrestling

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE -3-

 Taijutsu Arnis Kombatan
Shootfighting Buno Espada y Daga
Modern Arnis Pangamut
Philippines Martial Arts
Yawyan Eskrima (Kali)
Pangamut Panantukan
Kali Sikaran
Pananjakman

MARTIAL ARTS LIST

Martial arts practiced in different parts of the world is listed below.
Kung fu
The term means "a skill or ability to do something". It is also referred to as "Wushu" which is a
modern name for Chinese martial arts.
Judo
The name means "gentle way". The art was developed by Jigoro Kano in the late nineteenth century.
Karate
The term means "empty handed" in Japanese. Master Gichin Funakoshi made the self-defense
methods simple and appended a philosophical touch to the art.
Jeet kune do
Bruce Lee, the noted martial artist and actor, is the initiator of this system. The name when translated
would mean "way of the intercepting fist".
Krav maga
The birth place of this art is Israel. Military units and police forces all over the world started
practicing it.
Capoeira
This art originated in Brazil during the 19th century amongst African slaves. Drums and other
musical instruments create a rhythm for the art.
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
During the early 20th century, this art was borrowed from Judo by the Gracie family.
Tae kwon do
The phrase means "the way of hand and foot" in Korean. The emphasis is on potent kicks and not on
hand strikes.
Arnis
Weapons like knives, swords and rattan sticks are used along with stances, blocking, footwork and
disarms to overpower the opponent.
Muay thai
This is the national sport of Thailand. Fighters can employ knees, elbows, feet, shins and fists to

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 4

strike the opponent.
Jujitsu
This technique emphasizes on locks, throws and defensive techniques. It is one of the most ancient
martial arts and more than 2500 years old.
Kenjutsu
This is a samurai's sword art.
Sumo
This is a Japanese art.
Sambo
This means "Samooborona Bez Orushia". In Russian it implies "self defense without weapons".
Ninjutsu
The word when translated means "art of stealth".
Aikido
"Ai" means harmony, "ki" means spirit and "do" means way. Morihei Ueshiba is the founder.
Yoseikan Budo
This art consists of altered techniques of Judo, Aikido, Jujitsu and Karate.
American Kenpo
This mixes circular motions and evasive movements along with linear kicks and punches.
Wing Chun Kung Fu
It employs straight line, fast, direct strikes and sophisticated simultaneous blocking and striking.
Choi Kwang Do
This is used for self-defense. It is a dynamic and innovative approach to martial arts training.
Vovinam Viet Vo Dao
It includes different forms of self-defense and combat using the principle of Yin-Yang development.
Gatka
This art originated in Punjab in India and was practiced by the Sikhs.
Kumdo
This used "juk do" or 4-split bamboo sword and the "ho goo" or the head and body gear.
Kajukenbo
The techniques from judo, tang soo do, kenpo, jujitsu and kung fu are combined.
Kyokushinkai Karate
This was created by Sosai Masutatsu Oyama in 1955.
Praying Mantis
This was designed by Wong Long and has two different versions - Northern and Southern.
Tai Chi Chuan
This is a Chinese art known for the health benefits related to tension and stress.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 5

Shotokan Karate
The training consists of Kihon, Kata and Kumite.
Greco-Roman wrestling
In this legs are not used to force a fall and no holds are made below the waist.
Kickboxing
Muay Thai, Karate and Boxing have influenced this art.
Hwa Rang Do
It encompasses joint locks, throws, kicks and strikes. It is similar to Hapkido.
Iaido
This art includes nukitsuke, kiritsuke, chiburi and noto. The opponent is killed with one stroke of a
sword.
Kalaripayit
This is an Indian art and similar to the classical system of Jujitsu.
Kendo
This traditional Japanese style of fencing uses a two-handed wooden sword.
Naginata
The length and weight of the Naginata makes it an efficient weapon against the sword.
Boxing
The attack and defense is done with the fists.
Daito-ryu Aiki-jutsu
It has incorporated many essential principles of other schools of budo and of Ono-ha Itto-ryu in
particular.
Freestyle Wrestling
This is an Olympic event in which a fair hold, trip or throw is permitted.
Pentjak Silat
This is an Indonesian set of martial arts that depends on indigenous weapons and animal styles.
San Shou
This is a new style of wushu. Chinese martial art theories and techniques are consolidated into a new
form.
Tang Soo do
This ancient martial art has originated about 2000 years ago in Korea and is the oldest form of
karate.
Mani
This is a fighting dance martial art started by slaves of sugar plantations in Cuba.
Bangaran
This developed amongst the maroons of Jamaica.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 6

Kalenda
It started around 1860 in Trinidad and consisted of stick fights.
Hikuta
This is an ancient Egyptian boxing art based upon the art of Kuta.
Gabetula
This is an Angolan art that comprises punching.
Kamau Njia
The words mean "way of the silent warrior" in Swahili.
El Matreg
This North African martial art is an entertainment in Algeria.
Gwindulumutu
This is a head bashing style of martial arts from Congo.
Dula Meketa
This is practiced amongst the Oromo people of Ethiopia as a stick fighting technique.

KARATE

KARATE (?) is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands in what is now Okinawa, Japan.
It was developed partially from indigenous fighting methods called te (?, literally "hand"; Tii in
Okinawan) and from Chinese kenp. Karate is a striking art using punching, kicking, knee and elbow
strikes, and open-handed techniques such as knife-hands. Grappling, locks, restraints, throws, and
vital point strikes are taught in some styles. A karate practitioner is called a karateka (?).

Karate was developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to its 19th-century annexation by Japan. It was
brought to the Japanese mainland in the early 20th century during a time of cultural exchanges
between the Japanese and the Ryukyuans. In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin
Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration. In 1924 Keio University established the first
university karate club in Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate clubs. In this era
of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from ("Chinese hand" or "Tang hand"
verbatim, as the name of the Tang dynasty was a synonym to China in Okinawa) to ("empty
hand") both of which are pronounced karate to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the
combat form in Japanese style. After the Second World War, Okinawa became an important United
States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.

The martial arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase its popularity and the word
karate began to be used in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Oriental martial arts. Karate

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 7

schools began appearing across the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those
seeking a deeper study of the art.

Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, opined "that the majority of followers of karate in
overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques ... Movies and television ... depict
karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow ... the
mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing." Shoshin Nagamine said "Karate may be
considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through
self-discipline, hard training and one's own creative efforts."

For many practitioners, karate is a deeply philosophical practice. Karate-do teaches ethical principles
and can have spiritual significance to its adherents. Gichin Funakoshi ("Father of Modern Karate")
titled his autobiography Karate-Do: My Way of Life in recognition of the transforming nature of
karate study. Today karate is practiced for self-perfection, for cultural reasons, for self-defense and
as a sport. In 2005, in the 117th IOC (International Olympic Committee) voting, karate did not
receive the necessary two thirds majority vote to become an Olympic sport. Web Japan (sponsored
by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) claims there are 50 million karate practitioners
worldwide.

Karate began as a common fighting system known as te (Okinawan: ti) among the Pechin class of the
Ryukyuans. After trade relationships were established with the Ming dynasty of China by King Satto
of Chzan in 1372, some forms of Chinese martial arts were introduced to the Ryukyu Islands by the
visitors from China, particularly Fujian Province. A large group of Chinese families moved to
Okinawa around 1392 for the purpose of cultural exchange, where they established the community of
Kumemura and shared their knowledge of a wide variety of Chinese arts and sciences, including the
Chinese martial arts. The political centralization of Okinawa by King Sh Hashi in 1429 and the
'Policy of Banning Weapons,' enforced in Okinawa after the invasion of the Shimazu clan in 1609,
are also factors that furthered the development of unarmed combat techniques in Okinawa.

There were few formal styles of te, but rather many practitioners with their own methods. One
surviving example is the Motobu-ry school passed down from the Motobu family by Seikichi
Uehara. Early styles of karate are often generalized as Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, named after
the three cities from which they emerged. Each area and its teachers had particular kata, techniques,
and principles that distinguished their local version of te from the others.

Members of the Okinawan upper classes were sent to China regularly to study various political and
practical disciplines. The incorporation of empty-handed Chinese Kung Fu into Okinawan martial
arts occurred partly because of these exchanges and partly because of growing legal restrictions on
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 8
the use of weaponry. Traditional karate kata bear a strong resemblance to the forms found in Fujian
martial arts such as Fujian White Crane, Five Ancestors, and Gangrou-quan (Hard Soft Fist;
pronounced "Gjken" in Japanese). Further influence came from Southeast Asiaparticularly
Sumatra, Java, and Melaka. Many Okinawan weapons such as the sai, tonfa, and nunchaku may have
originated in and around Southeast Asia.

Sakukawa Kanga (17821838) had studied pugilism and staff (bo) fighting in China (according to
one legend, under the guidance of Kosokun, originator of kusanku kata). In 1806 he started teaching
a fighting art in the city of Shuri that he called "Tudi Sakukawa," which meant "Sakukawa of China
Hand." This was the first known recorded reference to the art of "Tudi," written as . Around the
1820s Sakukawa's most significant student Matsumura
Skon (18091899) taught a synthesis of te (Shuri-te and
Tomari-te) and Shaolin (Chinese ) styles.
Matsumura's style would later become the Shrin-ry
style.

Ank Itosu Grandfather of Modern Karate

Matsumura taught his art to Itosu Ank (18311915)

among others. Itosu adapted two forms he had learned from Matsumara. These are kusanku and
chiang nan. He created the ping'an forms ("heian" or "pinan" in Japanese) which are simplified kata
for beginning students. In 1901 Itosu helped to get karate introduced into Okinawa's public schools.
These forms were taught to children at the elementary school level. Itosu's influence in karate is
broad. The forms he created are common across nearly all styles of karate. His students became some
of the most well known karate masters, including Gichin Funakoshi, Kenwa Mabuni, and Motobu
Chki. Itosu is sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate."

In 1881 Higaonna Kanry returned from China after years of instruction with Ryu Ryu Ko and
founded what would become Naha-te. One of his students was the founder of Goj-ry, Chjun
Miyagi. Chjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka as Seko Higa (who also trained with
Higaonna), Meitoku Yagi, Miyazato Ei'ichi, and Seikichi Toguchi, and for a very brief time near the
end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by Morio Higaonna).

In addition to the three early te styles of karate a fourth Okinawan influence is that of Kanbun Uechi
(18771948). At the age of 20 he went to Fuzhou in Fujian Province, China, to escape Japanese
military conscription. While there he studied under Shushiwa. He was a leading figure of Chinese
Nanpa Shorin-ken at that time. He later developed his own style of Uechi-ry karate based on the
Sanchin, Seisan, and Sanseiryu kata that he had studied in China.
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 9
 Masters of karate in Tokyo
Kanken Toyama, Hironori Ohtsuka, Takeshi Shimoda,
Gichin Funakoshi, Motobu Chki, Kenwa Mabuni,
Genwa Nakasone, and Shinken Taira (from left to right)

Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan karate, is

generally credited with having introduced and
popularized karate on the main islands of Japan. In
addition many Okinawans were actively teaching, and are
thus also responsible for the development of karate on the main islands. Funakoshi was a student of
both Asato Ank and Itosu Ank (who had worked to introduce karate to the Okinawa Prefectural
School System in 1902). During this time period, prominent teachers who also influenced the spread
of karate in Japan included Kenwa Mabuni, Chjun Miyagi, Motobu Chki, Kanken Tyama, and
Kanbun Uechi. This was a turbulent period in the history of the region. It includes Japan's annexation
of the Okinawan island group in 1872, the First Sino-Japanese War (18941895), the Russo-
Japanese War (19041905), the annexation of Korea, and the rise of Japanese militarism (1905
1945).

Japan was invading China at the time, and Funakoshi knew that the art of Tang/China hand would
not be accepted; thus the change of the art's name to "way of the empty hand." The d suffix implies
that karated is a path to self knowledge, not just a study of the technical aspects of fighting. Like
most martial arts practiced in Japan, karate made its transition from -jutsu to -d around the
beginning of the 20th century. The "d" in "karate-d" sets it apart from karate-jutsu, as aikido is
distinguished from aikijutsu, judo from jujutsu, kendo from kenjutsu and iaido from iaijutsu.

Gichin Funakoshi Founder of Shotokan Karate

Funakoshi changed the names of many kata and the name of the
art itself (at least on mainland Japan), doing so to get karate
accepted by the Japanese bud organization Dai Nippon Butoku
Kai. Funakoshi also gave Japanese names to many of the kata.
The five pinan forms became known as heian, the three
naihanchi forms became known as tekki, seisan as hangetsu,
Chint as gankaku, wanshu as empi, and so on. These were
mostly political changes, rather than changes to the content of
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 10
the forms, although Funakoshi did introduce some such changes. Funakoshi had trained in two of the
popular branches of Okinawan karate of the time, Shorin-ry and Shrei-ry. In Japan he was
influenced by kendo, incorporating some ideas about distancing and timing into his style. He always
referred to what he taught as simply karate, but in 1936 he built a dojo in Tokyo and the style he left
behind is usually called Shotokan after this dojo.

The modernization and systemization of karate in Japan also included the adoption of the white
uniform that consisted of the kimono and the dogi or keikogimostly called just karategiand
colored belt ranks. Both of these innovations were originated and popularized by Jigoro Kano, the
founder of judo and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to modernize karate.

In 1922, Hironori Ohtsuka attended the Tokyo Sports Festival, where he saw Funakoshi's karate.
Ohtsuka was so impressed with this that he visited Funakoshi many times during his stay. Funakoshi
was, in turn, impressed by Ohtsuka's enthusiasm and determination to understand karate, and agreed
to teach him. In the following years, Ohtsuka set up a medical practice dealing with martial arts
injuries. His prowess in martial arts led him to become the Chief Instructor of Shind Yshin-ry
jujutsu at the age of 30, and an assistant instructor in Funakoshi's dojo.

By 1929, Ohtsuka was registered as a member of the Japan Martial Arts Federation. Okinawan
karate at this time was only concerned with kata. Ohtsuka thought that the full spirit of bud, which
concentrates on defence and attack, was missing, and that kata techniques did not work in realistic
fighting situations. He experimented with other, more combative styles such as judo, kendo, and
aikido. He blended the practical and useful elements of Okinawan karate with traditional Japanese
martial arts techniques from jujitsu and kendo, which led to the birth of kumite, or free fighting, in
karate. Ohtsuka thought that there was a need for this more dynamic type of karate to be taught, and
he decided to leave Funakoshi to concentrate on developing his own style of karate: Wad-ry. In
1934, Wad-ry karate was officially recognized as an independent style of karate. This recognition
meant a departure for Ohtsuka from his medical practice and the fulfilment of a life's ambitionto
become a full-time martial artist.

Ohtsuka's personalized style of Karate was officially registered in 1938 after he was awarded the
rank of Renshi-go. He presented a demonstration of Wad-ry karate for the Japan Martial Arts
Federation. They were so impressed with his style and commitment that they acknowledged him as a
high-ranking instructor. The next year the Japan Martial Arts Federation asked all the different styles
to register their names; Ohtsuka registered the name Wad-ry. In 1944, Ohtsuka was appointed
Japan's Chief Karate Instructor.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 11

A new form of karate called Kyokushin was formally founded in 1957 by Masutatsu Oyama (who
was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui ). Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan and
Gj-ry. It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact
sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force sparring, Kyokushin is now often called
"full contact karate", or "Knockdown karate" (after the name for its competition rules). Many other
karate organizations and styles are descended from the Kyokushin curriculum.

The World Karate Federation recognizes these styles of karate in its kata list

Shtkan-ry,
Shit-ry,
Gj-ry,
Wad-ry.

The World Union of Karate-do Federations (WUKF) recognizes these styles of karate in its kata list.

Shtkan-ry,
Shit-ry,
Gj-ry,
Wad-ry,
Shrin-ry,
Uechi-ry,
Kyokushinkai,
Budkan.

Many schools would be affiliated with, or heavily influenced by, one or more of these styles.

Karatekas wearing different coloured belts

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 12

 A young student graduates up a rank in belt in front of his dojo.

Motobu Chki in Naihanchi-dachi, one of the basic karate stances

KATA

Kata (: ) means literally "shape" or "model." Kata is a formalized sequence of movements

which represent various offensive and defensive postures. These postures are based on idealized
combat applications.

Some kata use low and wide stances. This practice develops leg strength, correct posture, and
gracefulness. Vigorous arm movements enhance cardiovascular fitness and upper body strength.
Kata vary in number of movements and difficulty. The longer kata require the karateka to learn many
complex movements. Diligent training and correct mindfulness lead to real understanding of combat
principles.

Physical routines were a logical way to preserve this type of knowledge. The various moves have
multiple interpretations and applications. Because the applicability for actual self-defense is so
flexible there is no definitively correct way to interpret all kata. That is why only high ranking
practitioners are qualified to judge adequate form for their own style. Some of the criteria for judging
the quality of a performance are: Absence of missteps; correct beginning and especially ending;
crispness and smoothness; correct speed and power; confidence; and knowledge of application. Kata
with the same name are often performed differently in other styles of karate. Kata are taught with

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 13

minor variations among schools of the same style. Even the same instructor will teach a particular
kata slightly differently as the years pass.

To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required
kata for that level. The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used. Requirements
for examinations vary among schools.

KUMITE

Sparring in Karate is called kumite (:). It literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite is
practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training. Levels of physical contact during sparring vary
considerably. Full contact karate has several variants. Knockdown karate (such as Kyokushin) uses
full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground. In Kickboxing variants ( for example K-1),
the preferred win is by knockout. Sparring in armour (bogu kumite) allows full power techniques
with some safety. Sport kumite in many international competition under the World Karate Federation
is free or structured with light contact or semi contact and points are awarded by a referee.

In structured kumite (Yakusoku prearranged), two participants perform a choreographed series of

techniques with one striking while the other blocks. The form ends with one devastating technique
(Hito Tsuki).

In free sparring (Jiyu Kumite), the two participants have a free choice of scoring techniques. The
allowed techniques and contact level are primarily determined by sport or style organization policy,
but might be modified according to the age, rank and sex of the participants. Depending upon style,
take-downs, sweeps and in some rare cases even time-limited grappling on the ground are also
allowed.

Free sparring is performed in a marked or closed area. The bout runs for a fixed time (2 to 3
minutes.) The time can run continuously (Iri Kume) or be stopped for referee judgment. In light
contact or semi contact kumite, points are awarded based on the criteria: good form, sporting
attitude, vigorous application, awareness/zanshin, good timing and correct distance. In full contact
karate kumite, points are based on the results of the impact, rather than the formal appearance of the
scoring technique.

DOJO KUN

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 14

In the bushid tradition dojo kun is a set of guidelines for karateka to follow. These guidelines apply
both in the dojo (training hall) and in everyday life.

KARATE TECHNIQUES
When a person starts learning about the various karate techniques, it is the individual punches, kicks
and blocks that are taught to him/her. These form the basis for becoming a karate master, and all
complicated moves and tricks are taught later. Without the knowledge of some basic karate
techniques, the individual cannot progress on to advanced methods.
Karate is a form of martial arts that was developed in Japan, and makes use of various techniques of
punching, kicking, locking, grappling, throwing and blocking. It comes in handy as a means of self
defense, but at the same time it also enables an individual to develop better reflexes, not to mention
the full body workout that it provides.
Learning these basic karate techniques is imperative for everyone, as it lays the foundation for
further developments. Also known as Kihon, these karate moves are not very difficult to master and
an individual can pick them up soon.
After the Kihon comes the Katas, which are the advanced karate techniques than an experienced
learner can move on to. Katas are sequences of moves that include the entire range of actions that are
learned in karate. These moves include punches, blocks, kicks, movements and body shifts. As one
reaches a higher level in learning karate, more and more complicated Katas are taught to a person.
The first thing that must be learned are the blocks. Blocks are designed to stop the opponents blows
from reaching your body, and the most effective blocks achieve this purpose and simultaneously
cause damage to the opponent as well. Here are some of the most common blocks.

CLOSE-HANDED BLOCKS

Upper block (Jodan Uke, Age Uke)

Middle block (Chudan Uke)
Lower block outside (Gedan Barai)
Lower block inside (Gedan Uchi Barai)
Middle block inside (Chudan Ude Uke)
Lower block inside (Gedan Ude Uke)

OPEN-HANDED BLOCKS

Hooking block (Hiki Uke)

Double-handed hooking block (Toraguchi)
Middle side block (Chudan Shotei Yoko Uke)
Lower scooping block (Gedan Shotei Uke)
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 15
 Double open-handed straight block (Morote Shotei Uke)
Stopping block (Shotei Otoshi Uke)

WRIST BLOCKS

Upper wrist block (Jodan Ko-Uke)

Side block (Chudan Ko-Uke)
Downwards block (Shotei Uke)
Upper and lower wrist block (Ko Uke Teisho Uke)

Once you have learned these basic blocks, the instructor will move on to the basic moves of
punching. Punches are the best way to strike an opponent, and these are an integral part of all karate
techniques.

PUNCHES

Jab punch (Kizami Zuki)

Uppercut (Ake Zuki)
Middle elbow strike (Chudan Hiji Ate)
Palm heel strike (Shotei Uchi)
Same Single hand pounch (OI zuki)
Different single hand punch (Yaku zuki)
Double pounch (Barrai Barrai zuki)

The next step in learning karate techniques is about the kicks that you deliver. These techniques are
mastered by kicking bags, and not thin air. By kicking a physical object the individual can learn how
to aim their kicks accurately, and how to get the right amount of power behind his/her kick.

KICKS

Front kick (Mae Geri)

Side kick (Yoko Geri)
High roundhouse kick (Jodan Mawashi Geri)
Middle level roundhouse kick (Chudan Mawashi Geri)
Knee strike (Hiza Geri)
Back kick (Ushiro Geri)
Groin kick (Kin Geri)
Stomping knee joint kick (Kansetsu Geri)

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 16

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 17
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 18
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 19
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 20
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 21
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 22
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 23
 Karate Words

Counting to 10 in Japanese:
1- Ichi 2- Ni 3- San 4- Shi 5- Go
6- Roku 7- Shichi 8- Hachi 9- Kyu or Ku 10- Ju

AGE UKE Upward Block

AGE ZUKI Rising Punch
Japanese for politely saying "thank you." At the end of each class, it is proper
ARIGATO GOZAIMASHITA
to bow and thank the instructor and those with whom you've trained
ASHI BARAI Foot Sweep
ASHI WAZA Name given to all leg and foot techniques
Striking techniques that are normally used in conjunction with grappling and
ATEMI WAZA
throwing techniques
AWASE UKE Joined Hand Block
AWASE ZUKI "U Punch". Also referred to as MOROTE ZUKI
A stance found in ITOSU-KAI SHITO-RYU. It is a natural "Walking" stance
AYUMI DACHI
with the weight over the center
BO Staff. A long stick used as a weapon (approximately 6 feet long)
"Six Defense Actions." A basic drill of the Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai. Uses
BOGYO ROKU KYODO the old names of techniques such as AGE TE, HARAI TE (or GEDAN
BARAI), SOTO YOKO TE, UCHI YOKO TE, SHUTO TE, and SUKUI TE.
"Martial way." The Japanese character for "BU" (martial) is derived from
characters meaning "stop" and (a weapon like a) "halberd." In conjunction,
then, "BU" may have the connotation "to stop the halberd." In Karate, there is
BUDO an assumption that the best way to prevent violent conflict is to emphasize
the cultivation of individual character. The way (DO) of Karate is thus
equivalent to the way of BU, taken in this sense of preventing or avoiding
violence as far as possible.
BUNKAI A study of the techniques and applications in KATA.
CHOKU ZUKI "Straight Punch".
"Mid-section." During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic
CHUDAN sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack
JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).
CHUDAN ZUKI A punch to the mid-section of the opponent's body.
"Level", "Rank" or "Degree". Black Belt rank. Ranks under Black Belt are
DAN
called KYU ranks.
Way/path. The Japanese character for "DO" is the same as the Chinese
character for Tao (as in "Taoism"). In Karate, the connotation is that of a way
DO
of attaining enlightenment or a way of improving one's character through
traditional training.
Literally "place of the Way." Also "place of enlightenment." The place where
we practice Karate. Traditional etiquette prescribes bowing in the direction of
DOJO
the designated front of the dojo (SHOMEN) whenever entering or leaving the
dojo.
DOMO ARIGATO Japanese for "thank you very much." At the end of each class, it is proper to
GOZAIMASHITA bow and thank the instructor and those with whom you've trained.
EKKU A Wooden oar used by the Okinawans which was improvised as a weapon.
EMBUSEN Floor pattern of movement in a given KATA.
(1) One of the Black Belt level KATA, translated as "The Flight of a Sparrow".
EMPI
(2) "Elbow" Sometimes referred to as HIJI.
FUMIKOMI "Stomp kick", usually applied to the knee, shin, or instep of an opponent.
"Crane Stance", sometimes referred to as TSURU ASHI DACHI and SAGI
GANKAKU DACHI
ASHI DACHI.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 24

GASSHUKU A special training camp.
Lower section. During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic
GEDAN sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack
JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).
GEDAN BARAI "Downward Block".
GEDAN UDE UKE "Low Forearm Block".
GEDAN ZUKI A punch to the lower section of the opponent's body.
Training costume. In JKR and in most other traditional Japanese and
Okinawan Karate Dojo, the GI must be white and cotton (Synthetics with
GI (DO GI) (KEIKO GI) Cotton allowed). The only markings allowed are the JKR patch on the left
(KARATE GI) breast area and the person's name at the front bottom corner of the jacket.
An exception exists for the Official Gi of JKR: The organization names in
Kanji is embroidered under the patch.
The tactic where one allows the opponent to attack first so to open up targets
GO NO SEN
for counterattack.
Five step basic sparring. The attacker steps in five consecutive times with a
striking technique with each step. The defender steps back five times,
GOHON KUMITE
blocking each technique. After the fifth block, the defender executes a
counter-strike.
GYAKU MAWASHI GERI "Reverse Round-house Kick". Also referred to as URAMAWASHI GERI.
GYAKU ZUKI "Reverse Punch".
A natural stance, feet positioned about one shoulder width apart, with feet
HACHIJI DACHI
pointed slightly outward.
HAI "Yes".
HAISHU UCHI A strike with the back of the hand.
HAISHU UKE A block using the back of the hand.
HAITO UCHI "Ridge-hand Strike".
HAJIME "Begin". A command given to start a given drill, Kata, or Kumite.
HANGETSU A Black Belt level Kata.
HANGETSU DACHI "Half-Moon Stance".
"Master." An honorary title given to the highest Black Belt of an organization,
HANSHI signifying their understanding of their art. In Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai, the
Hanshi is the Grandmaster of Ryobu-Kai, Yasuhiro Konishi II.
HASAMI ZUKI "Scissor Punch".
HARAI TE "Sweeping technique with the arm."
HARAI WAZA "Sweeping techniques".
A natural stance. Feet positioned about one shoulder width apart, with feet
HEIKO DACHI
pointed straight forward. Some Kata begin from this position.
HEIKO ZUKI "Parallel Punch" (A double, simultaneous punch).
HEISOKU DACHI An informal attention stance. Feet are together and pointed straight forward.
Techniques used after OYO WAZA is applied. HENKA WAZA is varied and
HENKA WAZA
many, dependent on the given condition.
HIDARI "Left".
HIJI "Elbow", also known as EMPI.
HIJI ATE "Elbow Strike". Also referred to as EMPI UCHI.
HIJI UKE A blocking action using the elbow.
The retracting (pulling and twisting) arm during a technique. It gives the
HIKI-TE balance of power to the forward moving technique. It can also be used as a
pulling technique after a grab, or a strike rearward with the elbow.
HITOSASHI IPPON KEN "Forefinger Knuckle".
HIZA GERI "Knee Kick".
HIZA UKE A blocking action using the knee.
HOMBU DOJO A term used to refer to the central dojo of an organization.
"Egg in the Nest Ready Position." A "ready" position used in some KATA
HORAN NO KAMAE
where the fist in covered by the other hand.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 25

IPPON KEN "One Knuckle Fist".
"One step sparring". The designated attacher makes one attack, after which
IPPON KUMITE
the defender counter-attacks.
IPPON NUKITE A stabbing action using the extended index finger.
"One step free sparring". The participants can attack with any technique
JIYU IPPON KUMITE
whenever ready.
JIYU KUMITE "Free Sparring".
JO Wooden staff about 4'-5' in length. The JO originated as a walking stick.
Upper level. During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic
JODAN sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack
JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).
JOGAI "Out of Bounds". Used in tournaments.
JUJI UKE "X Block".
JUN ZUKI The WADO RYU term for OI-ZUKI.
KAGI ZUKI "Hook Punch".
"Open hand." This refers to the type of blow which is delivered with the open
KAISHO palm. It can also be used to describe other hand blows in which the fist is not
fully clenched.
KAKE-TE "Hook Block" or "Hooking Technique."
KAKE-WAZA "Hooking Technique."
A two handed block using the outer surface of the wrist to neutralize a two-
KAKIWAKE
handed attack, such as a grab.
KAKUSHI WAZA "Hidden techniques."
KAKUTO UCHI "Wrist joint strike." Also known as "KO UCHI."
KAKUTO UKE "Wrist Joint Block." Also known as KO UKE.
A posture or stance either with or without a weapon. KAMAE may also
connote proper distance (Ma-ai) with respect to one's partner. Although
"KAMAE" generally refers to a physical stance, there is an important parallel
KAMAE in Karate between one's physical and one's psychological bearing. Adopting
a strong physical stance helps to promote the correlative adoption of a strong
psychological attitude. It is important to try so far as possible to maintain a
positive and strong mental bearing in Karate.
KAMAE-TE A command given by the instructor for students to get into position.
KANSETSU WAZA Joint-lock techniques.
Techniques of resuscitating people who have succumbed to a shock to the
KAPPO
nervous system.
"Empty Hand". When Karate was first introduced to Japan, it was called "TO-
DE". The characters of TODE could be pronounced. However, the meaning
KARATE
of TODE is Chinese Hand. There are also philosophical explanations of
KARATE (explained in Gichin Funakoshi's _Karate-Do Kyohan_.
"The Way of Karate". This implies not only the physical aspect of Karate, but
KARATE-DO
also the mental and social aspects of Karate
KARATEKA A practitioner of Karate.
KATA A "form" or prescribed pattern of movement. (But also "shoulder.")
KEAGE Snap Kick. (Literally, Kick upward).
KEIKO (1) Training. The only secret to success in Karate. (2) "Joined Fingertips".
KEKOMI Thrust Kick ( Literally, Kick Into/Straight ).
"Fist Law." A generic term to describe fighting systems that uses the fist. In
KEMPO this regard, KARATE is also KEMPO. In Chinese, it is pronounced "Chuan
Fa".
KENSEI The technique with silent KIAI. Related to meditation.
"Hammer Fist" Also known as TETTSUI. KENTSUI UCHI (Or TETTSUI
KENTSUI
UCHI) = "Hammer Fist Strike".
KERI "Kick".
Mind. Spirit. Energy. Vital-force. Intention. (Chinese = chi) The definitions
KI
presented here are very general. KI is one word that cannot be translated
KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 26
 directly into any language.
A shout delivered for the purpose of focusing all of one's energy into a single
movement. Even when audible KIAI are absent, one should try to preserve
KIAI the feeling of KIAI at certain crucial points within Karate techniques.
Manifestation of KI (simultaneous union of spirit and expression of physical
strength).
KIBA DACHI "Straddle Stance". Also known as NAIFANCHI(N) or NAIHANCHI DACHI.
KIHON (Something which is) fundamental. Basic techniques.
KIME Focus of Power.
KI-O-TSUKE "Attention". Musubi Dachi with open hands down both sides.
KIZAMI ZUKI "Jab Punch".
KO BO ITTCHI The concept of "Attack-Defense Connection".
KO UCHI "Wrist joint strike." Also known as KAKUTO UCHI.
KO UKE "Crane Block" or "Arch Block". Same as KAKUTO UKE.
KOHAI A student junior to oneself.
KOKORO "Spirit, Heart." In Japanese culture, the spirit dwells in the Heart.
A self-defense tool developed by TAKAYUKI KUBOTA. This tool serves
KUBOTAN
normally as a key chain.
KOKEN "Wrist Joint".
A stance which has most of the weight to the back. Referred to in English as
KOKUTSU DACHI
"Back Stance".
KOSA DACHI "Crossed-Leg Stance".
KOSHIN "Rearward".
The method of resuscitating a person who has lost consciousness due to
KUATSU
strangulation or shock.
KUMADE "Bear hand."
KUMITE "Sparring."
"Master Instructor." A Dan level in the sequence of RENSHI, KYOSHI, and
KYOSHI
HANSHI.
KYU "Grade". Any rank below Shodan.
KYUSHO WAZA Pressure Point techniques.
Proper distancing or timing with respect to one's partner. Since Karate
techniques always vary according to circumstances, it is important to
MA-AI
understand how differences in initial position affect the timing and application
of techniques.
MAE Front.
MAE ASHI GERI Kicking with the front leg.
MAE GERI KEAGE "Front Snap Kick". Also referred to as MAE KEAGE.
MAE GERI KEKOMI "Front Thrust Kick:. Also referred to as MAE KEKOMI.
MAE UKEMI "forward fall/roll".
A feeling of absolute sincerity and total frankness, which requires a pure
MAKOTO
mind, free from pressure of events.
"Learning by imitating." A method of studying movement and techniques by
MANABU
following and imitating the instructor.
A Double block where one arm executes GEDAN BARAI to one side, while
MANJI UKE
the other arm executes JODAN UCHI UKE (or JODAN SOTO YOKO TE).
MATTE "Wait".
MAWASHI GERI "Roundhouse Kick".
MAWASHI ZUKI "Roundhouse Punch".
MAWASHI HIJI ATE "Circular Elbow Strike". Also referred to as MAWASHI EMPI UCHI.
MAWAT-TE A command given by the instructor for students to turn around.
MIGI Right.
MIKAZUKI GERI "Crescent Kick".
MOKUSO Meditation. Practice often begins or ends with a brief period of meditation.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 27

 The purpose of meditation is to clear one's mind and to develop cognitive
equanimity. Perhaps more importantly, meditation is an opportunity to
become aware of conditioned patterns of thought and behavior so that such
patterns can be modified, eliminated or more efficiently put to use.
"U-Punch". Punching with both fists simultaneously. Also referred to as
MOROTE ZUKI
AWASE ZUKI.
MOROTE UKE "Augmented Block". One arm and fist support the other arm in a block.
MOTO DACHI A short forward stance, also referred to as HAN-ZENKUTSU DACHI.
MUDANSHA Students without black-belt ranking.
"No Mind." The state of being that allos freedom and flexibility to react and
MUSHIN
adapt to a given situation.
MUSUBI DACHI An attention stance with feet pointed slightly outward.
NAGASHI UKE "Sweeping Block".
NAGE WAZA Throwing/take-down techniques.
NAIFANCHI DACHI "Straddle Stance." Also referred to as NAIHANCHI DACHI and KIBA DACHI.
"Straddle Stance". Also referred to as KIBA DACHI and NAIFANCHI(N)
NAIHANCHI DACHI
DACHI.
NAKADAKA IPPON KEN "Middle Finger Knuckle".
"Returning Wave." Foot technique found in Tekki Shodan to block an attack
NAMI-GAESHI to the groin area. The technique can also be used to strike the opponent's
inner thigh or knee, as well as to sweep an opponent's leg.
NEKO ASHI DACHI "Cat Stance".
NIHON NUKITE Two finger stabbing attack.
NIDAN Second Level, as in Second Degree Black Belt.
NIDAN GERI "Double Kick".
NUKITE "Spear Hand".
An Okinawan weapon consisting of two sticks connected by rope or chain.
NUNCHAKU
This was originally used by the Okinawans as a farm tool to thrash rice straw.
OBI A belt.
OI-ZUKI "Lunge Punch".
ONAJI WAZA "Same technique".
"I make a request" or "I ask of You..." This is said while bowing to one's
ONEGAI SHIMASU partner when initiating practice, to the instructor at the beginning of training,
or to anyone when asking a favor/request.
OSAE UKE "Pressing Block".
OTOSHI EMPI UCHI An elbow strike by dropping the elbow. Also referred to as Otoshi Hiji Ate.
OYAYUBI IPPON KEN "Thumb Knuckle".
Applications interpreted from techniques in Kata, implicated according to a
OYO WAZA
given condition.
An exercise similar to "shadow-boxing". Various techniques are performed
RAN BU HO spontaneously against multiple imaginary attackers. This is commonly done
in 30-second sessions.
"Respect". A method of showing respect in Japanese culture is the Bow. It is
proper for the junior person bows lower than the senior person. Etiquette
dictates that one should bow when entering the dojo, when entering the
REI
training area, when greeting Sensei, when greeting a Black Belt BUDOKA,
when beginning or ending a training session with a partner, when beginning
or ending a kata performance, and when someone bows to you.
Etiquette. Also referred to as REISHIKI. Observance of proper etiquette at all
times (but especially observance of proper DOJO etiquette) is as much a part
REIGI of one's training as the practice of techniques. Observation of etiquette
indicates one's sincerity, one's willingness to learn, and one's recognition of
the rights and interests of others.
REINOJI DACHI A stance with feet making a 'L-shape.'
RENSEI Practice Tournament. Competitors are critiqued on their performances.
RENSHI "A person who has mastered oneself." This person is considered an expert

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 28

 instructor. This status is prerequisite before attaining the status as KYOSHI.
One Leg Stance. Also referred to as GANKAKU DACHI or TSURU ASHI
SAGI ASHI DACHI
DACHI.
An Okinawan weapon that is shaped like the Greek letter 'Psi' with the middle
SAI
being much longer.
SANBON KUMITE "Three Step Sparring".
SANBON SHOBU Three Point match. Used in tournaments.
SANCHIN DACHI "Hour-glass Stance".
SASHITE Raising of the hand either to strike, grab, or block.
SEIKEN "Forefist".
"Bull Strike." A hand technique delivered with the base of the SHUTO (Knife
SEIRYUTO
hand).
A proper sitting position. Sitting on one's knees. Sitting this way requires
acclimatization, but provides both a stable base and greater ease of
SEIZA
movement than sitting cross-legged. It is used for the formal opening and
closing of the class.
SEMPAI A senior student.
SEN NO SEN Attacking at the exact moment when the opponent attacks.
SEN SEN NO SEN Attacking before the opponent attacks. Pre-emptive attack.
Teacher. It is usually considered proper to address the instructor during
practice as "Sensei" rather than by his/her name. If the instructor is a
SENSEI
permanent instructor for one's DOJO or for an organization, it is proper to
address him/her as "Sensei" off the mat as well.
SHIAI A match or a contest (Event).
Formally recognized Instructor who has not yet been recognized as a
SHIDOIN SENSEI. Assistant Instructor. The SHIDOIN serves as the instructor who
teaches the technical aspects of Karate.
A formal title meaning, approximately, "master instructor." A "teacher of
SHIHAN
teachers."
SHIKO DACHI "Square Stance". A stance often used in Goju-Ryu and Shito-Ryu.
SHIME WAZA Choking/Strangling techniques.
SHIZENTAI "Natural Position". The body remains relaxed but alert.
SHOMEN Front or top of head. Also the designated front of a Dojo.
Same as SHUTO UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport
SHUTO TE
karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.
SHUTO UKE "Knife-hand Block".
SOCHIN DACHI "Immovable Stance". Also referred to as Fudo Dachi.
SOKUTO "Edge of foot". This term is often used to refer to the side thrust kick.
SOTO (UDE) UKE Outside (Forearm) Block.
Same as UCHI UDE UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport
SOTO YOKO TE
karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.
Same as SUKUI UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport
SUKUI TE
karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.
SUKUI UKE "Scooping Block".
SUWARI WAZA "Techniques from a sitting position."
TAI SABAKI Body movement/shifting.
TATE EMPI "Upward Elbow Strike".
TATE ZUKI "Vertical Punch." A fist punch with the palm along a vertical plane.
TEIJI DACHI A Stance with the feet in a 'T-shape.'
TEISHO UCHI "Palm Heel Strike".
TEISHO UKE "Palm Heel Block".
TETTSUI UCHI "Hammer Strike". Also called KENTSUI.
TOBI GERI "Jump Kick".
TONFA A farm tool developed into a weapon by the Okinawans.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 29

 "Catching technique." A blocking technique by seizing the opponent's
TSUKAMI WAZA
weapon, arm, or leg. Used often for grappling techniques.
TSUKI A punch or thrust (esp. an attack to the midsection).
"Crane Stance", also referred to as GANKAKU DACHI and SAGI ASHI
TSURU ASHI DACHI
DACHI.
TUITE Grappling skills.
A live-in student/disciple. A student who lives in a dojo and devotes
UCHI DESHI him/herself both to training and to the maintenance of the dojo (and
sometimes to personal service to the SENSEI of the dojo).
UCHI MAWASHI GERI "Inside Roundhouse Kick".
UCHI (UDE) UKE "Inside (Forearm) Block".
Same as SOTO UDE UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport
UCHI YOKO TE
karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.
UKE Block.
UKEMI WAZA "Break-fall techniques."
UKI ASHI DACHI A stance similar to the cat-stance, performed in the kata HANGETSU.
URA ZUKI An upper cut punch used at close range.
URAKEN "Back Knuckle".
USHIRO EMPI UCHI Striking to the rear with the elbow.
USHIRO GERI Back Kick.
WAZA Technique(s).
YAMA ZUKI "Mountain Punch". A wide U-shaped dual punch.
YAME "Stop".
"Rest." Terms used by the instructor to have the students relax, normally
YASUME
following a long series of drills.
YOI "Ready".
YOKO "Side".
YOKO GERI KEAGE "Side Snap Kick". Also referred to as YOKO KEAGE.
YOKO GERI KEKOMI "Side Thrust Kick". Also referred to as YOKO KEKOMI.
YOKO MAWASHI EMPI UCHI Striking with the elbow to the side.
YOKO TOBI GERI "Flying Side Kick".
YUDANSHA Black belt holder (any rank).
Lit. "Remaining mind/heart." Even after a Karate technique has been
completed, one should remain in a balanced and aware state. ZANSHIN thus
ZANSHIN
connotes "following through" in a technique, as well as preservation of one's
awareness so that one is prepared to respond to additional attacks.
ZA-REI The traditional Japanese bow from the kneeling position.
ZENKUTSU DACHI "Forward Stance".
ZENSHIN "Forward".
ZORI Japanese slippers.

KARATE MADE EASY BY KINGSLEY IKE 30