A VISIT REPORT

ON EARTHQUAKE STATION AT CHANDOLI DAM

& BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION SITE AT KANKAWLI
 VISIT REPORT
ON
EARTHQUAKE STATION AT CHANDOLI DAM.

1. Place of the visit: Earthquake Station at Chandoli Dam.

2. Location: It is located at the outskirts of village of Chandoli,

Dist: - Sangli.

3. Date: - Tuesday, 05/04/2016

4. Time: - 10:30 am

5. Guidence- i) Prof. S. V. Waghmare, RIT, Rajaramnagar.

ii) Prof. P. S. Patil, RIT, Rajaramnagar.

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The staff of earthquake station guided us very helpfully. We have seen and learnt lot of
things regarding recording and measuring of earthquakes.

These are listed as:-

1) Seismogram
2) Seismograph
3) Seismometer
The units observed under visit are as follows:-

1. Seismogram: A real-time record of earthquake ground motion recorded by a

seismograph. Seismograms are the records (paper copy or computer image) used to
calculate the location and magnitude of an earthquake.

Photo 1: Person showing details on Seismograms.

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 Photo 2: Seismograms.

2. Seismograph: An instrument that records vibrations of the Earth, especially

earthquakes. Seismograph generally refers to the Seismometer and a recording
device as a single unit.

Photo 3: Dyneer Seismograph

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 Photo 4: Seismograph in use.
3. Seismometer: A sensitive instrument that can detect waves emitted by even the
smallest earthquakes. The buried seismometer is the key instrument at a seismic
station. It detects and measures Earths ground motion. These vibrations are similar
to sound waves in air, but span a wide frequency range that extends well below the
threshold for human hearing. The seismometers sensors are extremely sensitive
and can pick up a broad spectrum of motions ranging from low-amplitude
background vibrations, such as those generated by wind or pounding surf, to
signals from local, regional, and distant earthquakes. The sensitivity of the station
depends on how quiet the local conditions arethe lower the background noise
from human and natural sources such as traffic and swaying trees, the more likely
the station will be able to detect faint earthquake signals.
The seismometer, which is a little larger than one-gallon paint can, contains
delicate moving parts and sophisticated electronics, but operates on a very simple
principle. The motion sensor consists of a weight hanging on a spring that is
suspended from the frame of the seismometer. When an earthquake occurs, the
suspended weight initially remains stationary while the frame moves with Earths
surface. The relative motion between the weight and Earth provides a measure of
the ground motion. Three sensors are combined in a single package to measure
ground motion in three dimensions.
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 Photo 5: Seismometer.

Photo 6: Seismometer kept in a locked room.

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Photo 7: Person In-charge explaining the measurement of earthquake magnitude.

Photo 8: Person In-charge explaining the measurement of earthquake magnitude.

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Photo 9: Chart for the measurement of earthquake magnitude.
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 VISIT REPORT
ON
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AT PANDUR.

1. Place of the visit: Bridge Construction site at Kankavali,.

2. Location: The site is located on the NH17, near the town of Kankavali,
Dist: - Kolhapur.

3. Date: - Wednesday, 06/04/2016

4. Time: - 10:00 am

5. Guidence- Prof. S. V. Waghmare, RIT, Rajaramnagar.

6. Contractor: M/s. Khare & Tarkunde Infrastructure PVT. LTD. Nagpur.

7. Consultant: M V Structural Engineers PVT. LTD. Mumbai.

8. River: Janavali River.

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Bridge Construction:-

Site details:-

The site is near to Kankavali, Tal.:- Kankavali, Dist:- Kolhapur, Maharashtra. The
bridge constructed on Janavali River. The bridge is being constructed for widening of 2
lanes to 4 lanes on the Mumbai Goa National Highway number 17.

Photo 10 & 11: The construction type of this bridge is cast in-site type.
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Cast-in-situ Method of Bridge Construction:

Cast-in-situ method of construction of bridges is a flexible method in which the demands

of more unusual geometrical shapes can be easily coped with. This method is commonly
used for short span bridges for the cost effective construction of solid, voided or ribbed
reinforced concrete slab bridges. Each bridge type is built by designing the decks to allow
each span to be cast in one continuous pour. Construction is simplicity in form consisting
of a birdcage scaffold with plywood formwork.

Where cast-in-situ construction is used for longer span bridges, the false work
system required becomes more sophisticated. Semi or fully mechanical false work will
require a specialized contractor. Semi-mechanical false work will generally consists of
steel beams or trusses which are then spanned between temporary towers. Fully
mechanical false work system is where a self-launching gantry with steel lined shutters is
used.

This method of bridge construction method has been divided into three parts
including cast in-situ post tensioned, balanced cantilever and incrementally launched.
Post tensioning is a technique in which it pre-loads the concrete that can reduce tensile
stresses including dead or live loads. In this method strength concrete as well as high
strength materials such as wires, bars and steel strands should be used. After concrete
hardening, the strands which have been passed through the concrete, have been pulled by
a special jack and after receiving pre-determined force, the strands would be locked. This
method has several advantages namely reducing direct cost, reducing the required
material, labor cost, rebar, and transportation costs and increasing the speed of formwork.
The second and third advantages of this method are increasing construction efficiency
and better structure performance. Balanced cantilever method is the second part of the
cast in-situ classification which has been considered a most effective method for bridge
construction. The most advantage of using this method especially in urban areas refers to
its characteristic that it does not need any temporary shoring and it can disrupt traffics
over water channels and in deep gorges which is very dangerous for construction
workers. Additionally it can be used for irregular and long span lengths with few
repetitions. Normally the length of each segment in this method should be considered
between 3-6 meters. This method usually starts by piers construction followed by
building both segments simultaneously that would be continued at both sides of piers and
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each segment would be tied to previous segment by post-tensioning tendons.
Incrementally launched method has been recognized as the third category of cast in-situ
bridge construction which has been considered as a highly mechanized erection method.
This method has been considered as an effective method for bridge construction when the
site meets its particular alignments requirements. In this method, different units of the
bridge with dimensions of 15 to 30 meters have been prefabricated in the factory and it
doesnt need any scaffolding that can be launched horizontally and enhances the bridge
by sliding it on Teflon bearing. The most advantage of this method is that, it does not
need heavy erection equipment like cranes and it does not need to use epoxy at the
segment joint. The most important thing is that alignment should be straight or the curve
should be constant that both of them should be considered by the designer.

Photo 12: Group at the bridge site.

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Photo 13: Site Engineer explaining the details.

Photo 14: Structural drawings of the beam.

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 Photo 15: Structural drawings of the deck slab.

Photo 16: Dimensional detailed drawings of the bridge.

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Photo 17: False work of the bridge.

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