DESIGN SOLUTION:

THERMAL BALANCE IN BUILDING

WIND CATCHERS-
Environmental and natural phenomena play a very significant role in
laying the region's interrelated
cultural, economic and social infrastructures.
Wind tower is a key element in traditional architecture It is seen in
settlements in hot, hot-dry and hot humid Climates. They are vertical
shafts with vents on top to lead desired wind to the interior space and
provide thermal comfort. This architectural element shows the
compatibility of architectural design with natural environment. It
conserves energy and functions on the basis of sustainability principles.
Wind is one of the important elements for studying the climate. One of its
important users is the provision of comfort in hot region. This is because
the wind current creates a difference in pressure on the exterior walls that
has an effect on the natural ventilation and interior air temperature of a
building. For architects, the wind is an important factor in the design of a
building Wind towers as their name implies, are ventilation tools used for
obtaining natural cooling. They have been used for centuries in countries
with hot-arid climates.

Benefits and qualities of wind catcher-

 1. Wind catchers provide natural ventilation of air that is free from
pollutants and dirt as its air source is the
2. elevated strata of the atmosphere, which flows into the interior
spaces, regardless of the buildings orientation and its relation to the
wind direction.
3. Contrary to the case of window ventilation, ventilation through
catchers does not lead to higher noise levels in the interior space.
4. The size of the cross-section of the wind catcher tower is
determined by the surrounding temperature. It is reversely
proportional to the temperature: as the air temperature at the
catcher inlet is higher than the maximum comfortable internal air
temperature, the cross-section must be smaller in size. This is given
the condition that the air must be cooled down as it passes through
it via wet fabrics or damped coal boards placed between steel grills.
The airflow can also be directed over a water feature such as a
fountain to increase its humidity.

Qualities of Natural ventilation system

1- Increase of cooling and natural ventilation versus the reduction of loads
on the typical mechanical air conditioning system
2- Increase of the life-time expectancy of the cooling system as it is
directly related to the building's lifetime
3- Easiness of maintenance in addition to savings in operational costs in
comparison to typical mechanical systems.
4- The system is environmentally friendly as it does not include Freon gas
which is harmful to the
environment. In addition, it lowers energy consumption.
5- Higher thermal comfort levels due to higher oxygen levels in the air
with the guarantee of continuous ridding of CO2, which ultimately results
in higher productivity levels of the inhabitants.
6- Providing continuous natural ventilation to the building with ability to
control and shut down the system in winter.
7- Choosing the natural ventilation system allows us overcome the main
downsides of the mechanical system which does not renew the circulating
air in the space. This is considered unhealthy especially for people with
Asthma or respiratory problems.
8- Avoiding the occurrence of short circuits that may result in fire, which is
common with mechanical
ventilation systems.
9- System maintenance is minimal compared to mechanical ventilation
systems.

DECENTRALISED WASTE WATER SYSTEM-

Water scarcity will create awareness of unsustainable water
practices, Thereby augmenting the need for water reduction
measures and proper treating of waste water
Treating waste water with minimal dependency on external energy
and maintenance procedures.
To achieve discharge standards
To be able to reuse wastewater and its contents.
Suitable for treatment of wastewater flows from 1-1000 m/d
Tolerant to inflow fluctuations
Uses as much as possible gravity instead of pumps, avoiding valves
Aims towards reliable and long-lasting devices
Anaerobic technology in warm climates, aerobic technology In
colder climates
The treatment is achieved by channelling the waste water through
different devices, using natural anaerobic and aerobic processes.
COURTYARD-

Courtyards have been an integral component of dwelling typology

from the first human civilisations, whether it be the Indus Valley,
Egyptian, Mesopotamian or Chinese. Houses in those eras were
characterised by deep long houses, compact with three edges
shared with adjoining homes. While this arrangement allowed
optimal use of land and higher densities, it deprived the inner
spaces of light and ventilation. As a result, internal courtyards came
to be adopted as an inherent dimension to house typology.
Courtyards provide open-to-sky, outdoor space away from the public
eye. Family activities can spill out, yet remain protected from the
outside world. The space became an apt, socio-cultural congruent
providing ground space for the family, especially women and
children to carry out daily chores and festive celebrations. The
central void became a connecting volume between floors with
visual, audio and physical link maintaining a rapport with vertically
segregated floors.