Meer Musabber ali

& Md. Rabiul Awal

Dept. of architecture. primeasia
university , Dhaka ,Bangladesh .
Structure & core
topics
 High-rise commercial buildings are the icons of modern

Introduction
society. These symbolize the power of commerce in the
present world system.
These also add the 3rd dimension to the city.
In addition, at the micro level, having an office at an
attractive high-rise building gives additional advantage to
the business in terms of better customer confidence and
corporate identity.
 A high-rise building is defined as a building 35 meters or greater in
height
Generally constructed using a structural frame, provided with high-
speed elevators,
Although originally high-rises were designed for commercial purposes,

Definition many high-rises are now planned for multiple uses.

Thats means, the combination of office, residential, retail and hotel
space etc.
It must be divided into multiple levels
of at least 2 meters height.
If it has fewer than 12 such internal
levels, then the highest undivided portion must not exceed 50% of the
total height
It must be divided into multiple levels
of at least 2 meters height.
If it has fewer than 12 such internal
levels, then the highest undivided portion must not exceed 50% of the
total height
CLASSIFICATION
Neo classic style
Home Insurance Building
Burj Khalifa Chrysler Building
Art deco style
Chrysler Building

Modern style
Richard Daley Center

High Modern style

Price Tower
Contemporary architecture
Burj Khalifa

Price Tower Richard Daley Center

 FORM
PROPORTION ,

SYMMETRIC/
ASYMMETRIC ,

PURE FORM.

Scale.
HUMAN SCALE,
. CITY SCALE.

.Structure.
.Climate.
.Cost & Benefit. Human scale
 TYPE:
SHOPING CUM OFFICE BUILDING

According to BNBC GADJET 2008 the building type is f

FAR (Floor Area ratio):

FAR RULES ANALYSIS Set Back

For according high rise building the required set back follows-
1. From three sides of the site is min. 3m/10ft.
2. There will be no built form within 4.5m(14.7ft) from the mid point of
access road or 1.5m (5ft) from front side.
3.Required green space is the 50% of the total site without any shading
from the built form.

Ground Coverage:
Built area (on the site) x100
Total land area

Mandatory green space: mandatory setback-(minus)

mandatory paved area
 Podium
The height of the podium will be maximum 40 (12m). This height is
determined with parapet. According to BNBC, MGC of the podium will be
75%. In this case the MGC of the high rise tower will be recessed to
37.5%.

According to rules we can provide 50% paved area from uncovered

spaces
Shades on this paved area can be provided where the minimum

FAR RULES ANALYSIS height should be 13(4m) from ground level or 10(3m) from plinth
level.
The uncovered ground of the site must used for guard room & parking.
Guard room:
From roadside boundary wall the height of the guard room will be
8(2.5m) from finished ground level & the maximum Floor area will be
53 sft (5sqm).

Boundary wall:
Maximum height for boundary wall is (2.75m) . For rear & side walls
solid height is (1.75m) & Perforated height is 3.28 (1m).

Balcony:
The height of the railing of the balcony will be max. 3. or 1200mm. The
balcony
must not extend above the set back area.
 Re Escape:
Lift, escalators etc will not count as fire escape elements. Fire
escape should be located on the exterior faade of the building.
Fire escape must not route to basement.

Ramp:
Slope of ramp should be 1:8 preparation length of the ramp should
be minimum 14 (4.25m) clear height of the ramp must be minimum

FAR RULES ANALYSIS

8.

Stair:
.Minimum width of stair is 5(1.5m)
.Railing height of stair is minimum 3(0.m)
.Clear height of stair is minimum 7(2.10m)

LIFT:
. LIFT LOBBY MINIMUM 1.5MX1.5M
. LIFT CABIN MINIMUM 1.5MX1.2M
. LIFT DOOR WIDTH MINIMUN 800 MM/0.8M

Toilet:
. 5% TOILET SPACE REQUIRE FOR
DESIBLE PERSON EACH FLOOR.
Stair Ramp . TOILET MINIMUM 1.5MX1.5M
 There are two basic sources for high-rise buildings'
load actions-

# Geophysical load (result of gravitational,

Load action on high-rise buildings meteorological &
Seismological changes).
# Man-made load (generated by cars, elevators,
machines etc.
The Basic Structural Element
Linear elements

Column Beam

Surface elements

Wall slab
column
Either solid with perforations or Solid or ribbed, supported on floor
trussed, capable of carrying axial and framing, capable of supporting forces
beam rotational forces. in and perpendicular to the plane.

slab

Wall
General planning consideration
1. Structural
2. Economic
3. Soil condition
4. Height and width ratio
5. Fabrication and erection
. Mechanical system
7. Fire rating
8. Availability and cost of materials Dead load

Wind load Basundhara city

Basic Load action factors: Geophysical

Earthquake
Load

Dead load Sources of

Construction

Live load
Load
Building Load
Construction load
Snow rain and ice load Lloyd building

Wind load Man Made Live load

Seismic load

Hotel trump intl

 Hot area

Load action on high-rise buildings

blocks for an
effective mesh

Wind force

Windward columns in tension

Side walls in shear

GUST VELOCITY
Turbulence
When any moving air mass meets an
obstruction, such as building,
it responds like any fluids by moving to
each side then rejoining the major air
flow-

Wind Pressure-lateral load

When any moving air mass meets an
obstruction, such as building, it responds like
any fluids by moving to each side then rejoining
the major air flow-
Steps should be taken for earthquake
All portion of structure shall be designed and
constructed to act as a unit in resisting horizontal forces
Masonry or concrete elements shall be reinforced
Only roof live load may be neglected when considering the effect of seismic
forces in combination with vertical load
Concrete or masonry walls shall be anchored to all floors and roofs providing lateral
support of the wall

Building behavior during the earthquake

The magnitude of the horizontal inertia

force F depends on the building mass M,
ground acceleration A.

If a building and its foundation were regid,

it would have same acceleration as the
ground, that is by Newtons Law - F=MA
CORE
 Elevator shafts
(elevator cars &
equipments inside them)

Elevator lobby

Staircases

HIGHRISE BUILDING PROVIDES: Fire protected lobbies

A HU
CORE
Toilets
COURT / ATRIUM
Ancillary rooms (pantry,
LIFT LOBBY space for cleaning
materials etc)
STAIRS
Mechanical vertical
ESCALATOR services riser ducts
(electrical power &
CAPSULE LIFT
lighting distribution,
water distribution,
Ducts sewerage pipes)
FIRE ESCAPE

Electrical vertical
service riser
Core positions can be OPEN FORMS

classified into three types

X-SHAPED
Central core
Single core
Double core

Single core

Double core
Central core
Typology of Core

central core
Advantage:
i.it allows all window space to be utilized as rental office space.
ii.Permits offices to varying depth to receive natural light.
iii.It is suitable in terms of access and in some cases may be
equidistant from all sides.
iv.Simplifies area division.

Disadvantage:
1. The central interior location limits the depth of the offices.
ii. It requires an access corridor around its perimeter.

Some examples of the central core:

Equitable Building
Place Victoria office Tower
Alcoa Building etc
All the above building cores are shown later. central core
Typology of Core

Off center core

Advantage:
It permits all windows and the building perimeter space to
be used for offices.
It has more flexibility depth and arrangements of spaces.
This can be particularly desirable where large open spaces
are required

Disadvantages:
Some problems of accessibility
This is less suitable for the distant spaces and the corners
of the building.
A long corridor for accessibility is required.
Less flexibility of tenant (rentel) distribution.
Off center core
Typology of Core
Exterior core

Advantages:

It leaves the entire floor area of the building available for tenant use.
The core does not complicate the floor plan either functionally of
structurally.
Maximum flexibility is achieved with respect to tenant distribution of
office depth and plan layout.

Disadvantages:

In case of multi-tenant occupancy, the core requires a

long access corridor thus the flexibility of tenant distribution is
reduced.
The core occupied desirable window spaces, so that, the
offices immediately adjacent to the core may not receive any natural
light.

Exterior core
Typology of Core
Double core

Advantage:

The double cores are placed on the hot sides (east,

west) thus, provide buffer zones, and minimum air-conditioning is
required.
The window openings run through north and south.
Lift lobbies, stairways and toilets are naturally
ventilated and a view out is possible.
The double core has more flexibility in floor area division.

Disadvantages:

If the building is not that big, then it becomes costly.

Some examples of the central core:

One first national plaza
Overseas Chinese Bank etc.
Double core
DUCT & CORE

Main
stair
Duct
s

Fire protected lobbies

Toilets

L. Toilet.
LIFT LIFT

UP

Staircase

LIFT LIFT
G. Toilet.

lift stair
Fire
escape Elevator lobby
Toilets
 Vertical circulation
Staircases
Escalator
Elevators
Fire escape
The basic components of elevator
Controller
elevator car
Selector car
Counter weight
Traveling cables
Rope traction cables Two car groupings
Governor
Buffer

Two car groupings

Four car groupings
Six car groupings
Eight car groupings
Three car groupings Four car groupings
Three car groupings

Eight car groupings Six car groupings

High-rise building structure LIFT LOBBY

elements CORE

THE BASIC STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF a

STAIRS
BUILDING ARE THE FOLLOWING:

COURT / ATRIUM atrium

LIFT LOBBY

STAIRS

ESCALATOR

CAPSULE LIFT

CORE
 1. Parallel bearing walls
2. Core and Facade Bearing walls
3. Self supporting boxes
Common High-rise building structure 4. Cantilevered slab
5. Flat slab
6. Interspatial
7. Suspension

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
STRUCTURE
 1. Staggered truss
2. Rigid frame
3. Rigid frame and core
4. Trussed frame
Common High-rise building structure 5. Belt trussed frame and core
. Tube in tube
7. Bundled tube

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Braced Frame Structures:
K Bracing Storey Height Knee Bracing Double Diagonal Bracing

Central Plaza, Malaysia Century Tower, Japan Swiss Re Tower, London

Architect: Ken Yeang Architect: Norman Foster Architect: Norman Foster
Rigid Frame Structures:
Parallel or orthogonally
arrangement of columns and girders

Simplicity and convenience of its

rectangular form.

Rigid Frame Structures

Infilled Frame Structures:
Consists of a steel or reinforced column
and girder frame with infills of brickwork
or concrete block work.

Limestone infills
and facing

Empire State Building

Architect: Richmond, Lamb &
Harmon
Wall Frame Structures
Shear walls are combined with rigid frames

Transco Tower
Architect: Johnson/Burgee Architects
Tubular Structures:
Types of tubular structure:

Tube in tube
Bundle tube

Tube in tube Braced tube

Millennium Tower
Architect: Norman Foster
Bundle Tube Structures:
The sears tower consists of four
parallel rigid steel frames in each Sears Tower
orthogonal direction, interconnected to Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merril
form nine bundled tubes.
Two
additional
tube omitted

Section C-C Section D-D

Section A-A Section B-B

Braced Tube Structures:

John Hancock Building

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merril
Outrigger Braced Structures:
Hongkong & Shanghai Bank
Architect: Norman Foster
Braced-steel frame connected to the exterior columns.
Space Structures:
Space structure consists essentially of a three
dimensional triangulated frame.

Bank of China
Architect: I. M.
Pei
Flat Plate And Flat Slab Structures:

Connected rigidly to supporting columns.

Creating a minimum possible floor depth.

Bel Tower
Architect: Nahas Ahmed Khalil

Flat Plate And Flat Slab Structures Floor plan

Shear- Wall Structures:

National Commercial BanK

Architect: Skidmore, Owings &
Merril
Core Structures:

A single core serves to carry the entire gravity and

horizontal loading.

Slabs are supported at each level by

cantilevers from the core

Price Tower
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
 Overseas Chinese bank
Architect: I. M. Pei

Suspended Structures:
Central core with horizontal cantilevers at roof level, to which
vertical hangers

Floor slabs are suspended from the hangers.

CASE STUDY
 Site map

RWE TOWER
RWE tower
Aalto theater

Location of the building

Location: Essen, Germany

Site Context
Client: Hochtief AG
Occupier: RWE AG
Date of As is widely known, in Europe any new building is
14-1
Construction: required to blend in with the other buildings in a street.
Ingenhoven, Overdieck, The RWE Tower has the main building set back from the
Architect: street, along with the pergola the height of which is
Kahlen & Partner
aligned with the eaves of neighbouring houses. There
was still need to obtain the special sanction of the
Office building administrative
Building type: headquarters for the electric company
municipal authorities to construct the skyscraper. As
Achim Nagel, one of the IOK architects, explained,
Building churches dating back to ancient times were the only tall
Josef Gartner and Co.
Envelope: buildings. The 12m height of the tower, including an
No. of stories: 31 aerial on the top, is the highest point in North-Rhine
Gross Area: 35,000m2 Westphalia, but does not look isolated, when it is seen
from anywhere in the city. Its abstract and clear
external appearance is essentially in harmony with the
Birds eye view of building with site
row of stores and houses in the street.
RWE TOWER
Entrance Hall with
Building Form Sense of Space
When compared to other prismatic forms, the cylindrical shape is
ideal in terms of the relationship between exterior surface and
The elevator shafts are
interior volume. It also optimizes aerodynamics, energy needs, housed in a tower,
surface distribution, and choice of prefabricated elements. detached from the main
structure tower, so the ground
Composite structure grow in this tower building. Frame floor has ample open
structure shows on the interior. Shear wall also support with
column beam frame.
space to share a
continuity with the
Transparent Elevators theater and the city
Four ordinary elevator shafts are installed in an independent Structure grid
tower built along side of the main building. Owing to their park. On ts level, the
outside location, people can easily find where they are. columns are a significant
factor in the design, to
Function of the core indicate that the
1. Stair
2. Lobby & elevator building is supported by
3. Switch room them, whereas a sense
4. store of space is available at
the same time. As with
the columns, the walls
are rough concrete, and
the surface is coated
Elevator blow up with water paint for
Exterior elevator protection.
RWE TOWER
Sunny Boardroom on the Top Floor
On the top floor, the 2th floor of the RWE Tower, there is a boardroom for
gatherings of the RWE Group executives from around the world. The ceiling of
the boardroom is fitted with a large toplight, and the sunlight from it is
regulated by an electric curtain. Not only its facade, but also its partition panels
are mostly made of glass, so as to enhance to view of the surrounding area.

Sun shading & thermal storage

When the solar radiation is strong, the temperature inside the double-skin rises
as in a greenhouse. model proved that the hotter the facade became relative to
the surrounding air, the more remarkable the convection effect that was achieved,
so as to carry out the sunshading function. Of course, the thermal storage effect Facade detail
becomes vital, when there is a need to warm the room as in the winter season.
facade
Double Skin Natural Ventilation
The main concern of the design of this 31-storey cylindrical tower is natural The double skin allows natural ventilation in the tower.
ventilation. This is achieved by its double-leaf facade, which is intended to Even the upper workspaces can enjoy natural air
provide good natural ventilation for perimeter office areas. The space control without having to fight wind gusts. Users can
inside the facade is supplied with outside air through a meandering control their own environment.
arrangement of intake and exhaust louvres. The natural ventilation in a high-rise could give rise to
The double skin allows the RWE Tower to "breathe". It consists of an the following fears: Actually, natural ventilation may
exterior sheet made of fixed glass panels - 2 x 3.m modules that permit be restricted or influenced by such constructional
air circulation through corresponding slots, and an interior sheet with parameters as:
operable panels. A solar protection system is installed between both layers, facade layout,
which are 50cm apart. Strips, placed on the setting lines for the exterior ventilation slits or louvres,
facade modules, are perforated on the right side and solid on the left side, air-tightness of windows and doors,
at the lower level. The disposition is reversed on the upper level, next to the design of doors (revolving doors,
roof, which guarantees a minimum diagonal of ventilation and prevents the opening and closing mechanisms).
Double skin return of recently evacuated air back into the spaces. The interior layer of
the double skin is a conventional facade, insulated by collapsible panels that
can be controlled manually.
RWE TOWER
Natural Ventilation
The double skin allows natural ventilation in the tower. Even the upper
workspaces can enjoy natural air control without having to fight wind gusts.
Users can control their own environment.
The natural ventilation in a high-rise could give rise to the following fears:
Actually, natural ventilation may be restricted or influenced by such
constructional parameters as:
facade layout,
ventilation slits or louvres,
air-tightness of windows and doors,
design of doors (revolving doors,
opening and closing mechanisms).
RWE TOWER
box windows
Vertical dividers in the facade seal
the individual axes from one another
and dampen the sound carried within
restaurent the facade cavity, in effect creating
a box window. (see facade
structure.jpg)
Programme
Foyer
Restaurent
Elevator box
Conference room
Offices
Services
Terrace
Skylight
boardroom Terrace level plan

Ground floor plan

Typical floor plan

Conference floor plan

RWE TOWER

Interior stair Detail model

Terrace level plan

Exterior view

Conference floor plan

Section through different level skylight

Melbourne central tower
Location:
Located on Elizabeth Street, between Lt Lonsdale and Latrobe Streets in
Melbourne, The Tower is essentially a square plan building, turned 45 degrees to
Elizabeth Street.

Chief Consultant & Architect:

Kisho Kurokawa Architects & Associates,
Bates, Smart and McCutcheon Pty Ltd

Year of completion:
11

Area distribution:
Site area (Office): 2,000 sqm

Net lettable area:

- Office 5,500 sqm

Typical floor plate (Office): 1,500 sqm

Car parking spaces: 1,00

Fig: View of Melbourne central tower

Melbourne central tower

Building height:
211 m, 2 ft

Structural:
Floor to floor distance, 3,875mm.
Fig: 3 Escalator in Melbourne tower
Floor loading 4.0kPa, 5.0 kpa average & 10 kPa in designated compactus
locations.

Core
Straight core perimeter walls with access/service doors.
Through core passages for direct access on lifts.
Lifts face each other in dedicated lobby. Consistent floor plate on all rises
permits standardisation of office layout.
Tea room incorporated into core - can be converted to a
communication/server room or storage.
Dedicated goods lift servicing all floors and basement areas.
Two dedicated risers are located in the north side of the core.
Melbourne central tower
Floor layout:
Straight perimeter walls.
Column free.
Core to wall North 11.5m / South 11.5 / East 10.2M / West
10.2M

Ceilings and Lighting:

Ceiling height 2,00mm.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A Fig: 6 Entry of Melbourne tower

Tenant zone 250mm.
Two way exposed grid, with ceiling tiles of 00mm x 00mm. B

Light intensity 450lux. Lights 2 x 3W PL. fluorescent units.

Low brightness diffusers. C

Air conditioning D

System type: central plant, variable air volume system with

a CV skin system in the perimeter.
E

23 variable air volume zones per floor minimum.

F

Capacities: lighting 1W/m2, population density of one

person/10m2.
G

Tenant equipment 35W/m2, population density of one

person/10m2.
H

Condenser water 25W/m2.

Fig: 5 Floor layout plan Fig: 7 Birds eye view
Melbourne central tower
Emergency Power:
Standby diesel generators for 100% tenant load or 50% total building load.
Standby DG Power is provided to Fire & Lift Safety systems, Firemans lifts, 50% of lifts
(In Blackout Mode and 100% in Brownout Mode) 50% chiller capacity, public stair
lighting, 50% public lighting, Security System in addition standby power generator circuits
are provided to each floor of 80 kw (Average). Power to tenanted area is provided on the
basis of 5w/m2 of net lettable area. Load Shed contactors are provided on each
Proprietor & Tenant Switchboards to control non-essential circuits. When required these
contactors may open automatically to shed load.

CCTV, Access Control and Building Automation: Fig: 10 Use truss in main entry
CCTV and Access Control Systems was upgraded to the latest state-of-the-art technology,
with the access control system using proximity cards. In addition the BAS is being upgraded.

Fenestration:
The unique "crystal cut" image of the Office Tower arises from the use of the basic square
plan, from which two corners have been cut. It means that from every point in the city people
will be able to enjoy a changing shape and image of the building.

Fig: 11 Glass in exterior

Melbourne central tower
Emergency Power:
Standby diesel generators for 100% tenant load or 50% total building load.
Standby DG Power is provided to Fire & Lift Safety systems, Firemans lifts, 50% of lifts
(In Blackout Mode and 100% in Brownout Mode) 50% chiller capacity, public stair
lighting, 50% public lighting, Security System in addition standby power generator circuits
are provided to each floor of 80 kw (Average). Power to tenanted area is provided on the
basis of 5w/m2 of net lettable area. Load Shed contactors are provided on each
Proprietor & Tenant Switchboards to control non-essential circuits. When required these
contactors may open automatically to shed load.

CCTV, Access Control and Building Automation: Fig: 10 Use truss in main entry
CCTV and Access Control Systems was upgraded to the latest state-of-the-art technology,
with the access control system using proximity cards. In addition the BAS is being upgraded.

Fenestration:
The unique "crystal cut" image of the Office Tower arises from the use of the basic square
plan, from which two corners have been cut. It means that from every point in the city people
will be able to enjoy a changing shape and image of the building.

Fig: 11 Glass in exterior

B el tower
Location:
Road# 1,Dhanmondi # R/A, Dhaka-1205,
Bangladesh.
Clint:
Beximco Group.
Chief Consultant & Architect:
Arch. Nahas Ahmed Khalil.
Structure design
Eng.Taraq Mahamud.
Electrical engineer
Eng.(Sorif, Sallauddin, Moinul Haque).
Year of completion:
September, 200 Bel Tower

Property Line:
7000 sft
Built Area:
5411 sft (Each floor) approx.
Number of floor:
15 (Fifteen)

Fig: Roof garden. Fig: Front view of Bel Tower from road.
B el tower
Architectural system:
Each floor is divided into 4-different levels at 2-4
difference
The lift lobby and the services are at one level rest of the usable floor
areas are connected by the central stair
The emergency fire exit is located at the back of the service area,
which is accessible from any other levels. And the fire exit is in a
distance which is not more than 80from any distance corner of the
building.
At 1: 5 ratios, ramp starts 1.5 meters or 4- ft distance from
road.
Floor to floor height: 10-0 ft.
There is no finished ceiling in the interior space (floor area) without lift
core area.
There is one prayer room in 8th floor.
Centre Air conditioning system.
Vertical zoning:
Flower garden at roof level. Usable floor areas
Foyer, lobby, lounge, display area, information booth, maintenance office Services and lift core area
Fire Exit
and general store, electric board and pump house provided at ground
Duct channel for split system
level.
Duct channel for fire-hose- system
Central core located on the north east segment of the structure which Circulation passage to fire exit
houses 2 elevators, the main staircase, fire exit, toilets and store room.
Auditoriums at top level with split-level stages are provided at the
south-east entrance block.
The typical floors are used in office spaces.
B el tower
Building type :
High-rise Commercial office building for Beximco Group.

Structural system:
The structural system is post slab (Flat plate).
The Building is in simple rectangular grid expected the shift of columns to
meet the inclination of the site line at the north-east side. The lift cores are a
built of centric, shifted to the west side of the building. To meet this shift of
span the shapes and directions of columns are changed according to the
structural requirements.
The total envelop of the building is built with non-load
bearing R.C.C walls with start cladding and certain glass at
the round shaped corners.

Column span:
Maximum span-20- C/C
Minimum span- 15-0 C/C
Column size- 2-0X3-4

Plinth: Fig: 4 Long sections (Sec-X-X)

2-4

Fig: 5 Typical floor plan (Structural plan). Fig: 6 Long section (Sec-X-X)-parking.
B el tower

Number of Basement:
02 (two) basement (3 level).

Number of entry: Fig: 7 No natural light in Lift core Fig: 8 Basement car parking
02 (Office, Basement)

Number of Lift:
02 (Office)

Stair:
01 stair from ground to fifteen &
the stair only use for offices.
Fig: 9 Main stairs (Split level floor)

Floor height: Main entry

Floor to floor 10-0

Fig: 10 Main entries from road.

B el tower

Fire escape:
1 GF to Roof & 1 Basement to GF.

Glass type:
Single layer glass.
Fig: 11 8th Floor-Prayer rooms. Fig: 12 Reception with lobby, lounge.
Prayer room:
Only one in 8th floor.

Fig: 13 Single layer glasses. Fig: 14 Fire fighting stair Fig: 15 15th Floors-Conference
Hall.
B el tower

Chiller room:
On 15th floor, proportion of the room is well & natural lighted.

Lift machine:
On 15th floor

Generator room:
Fig: 16 Chiller room on 2nd basement

2nd Basement floor

Water Pump room:

Basement 2

Fig: 17 Lift machine Fig: 18 water pump Fig: 19 Lift machine

B el tower

Cooling tower:
02 (two), on the top of roof.
Centre Air conditioning system

Electrical room:
GF (where 11000 volt electricity
substation) Fig: 20 Cooling tower
Fig: 21 Cooling tower

Fig: 22 Mechanical room

Fig: 23 Cooling tower with pipe
B el tower

Fire safety:
Fire safety equipments on every floor.

Fig: 24 Fire box Fig: 25 Fire box

Car-parking :
Basement 1 & 2

Fig: 27 Basement car parking Fig: 28 Parking entry

B el tower

Merits:
24 hours secured.
24 hours standby generator & air condition system
Modern fire fighting system. Fig: 30 Wrong approach of entry
Superior quality lifts.
Flower garden at roof level.
Each floor is divided into 4-different levels at 2-4 difference.

Fig: 31 Roof gardening

B el tower

Demerits:
Lift is not shown from entry. Sanitary line
Lift core is too small than its office area.
Car parking lot is wrong.
Basement parking is too wrong.
Pedestrian & Vehicular entry approach is wrong.
Narrow Fire Stair
Fire fighting stair is not proportioned.
At 1: 5 ratios, ramp starts 1.5 meters
or 4- ft distance from road.
No serf ace parking and they have used
surface parking on road.