In work on presuppositions, triggers are lexical items that are seen as
giving rise to presuppositions. Some of the many types of trigger are listed here: Factives (first type: e.g. know, point out, discover) Mary pointed out that John cheated. (Said to presuppose that John cheated) Mary did not point out that John cheated. (John cheated) Primary performative 153 Factives (second type: e.g. regret, be glad that) Mary regrets/does not regret that John cheated at cards. (Mary believes that John cheated at cards) Mary is glad/not glad that John was caught (Mary believes that John was caught) Cleft and pseudo-cleft sentences It was John who marked the cards. (Someone marked the cards) What John did was to install a mirror. (John did something) Change-of-state predicates (e.g. stop, start, give up, take up) John has/hasnt stopped cheating. (John has been cheating) John has taken up chess (John didnt play chess before) Implicative predicates (e.g. manage) John managed/didnt manage to stop cheating. (John tried to stop cheating) Definite descriptions and universal quantification The king of France is tired. (There is a king of France) Every cardsharp is found out (There are cardsharps) Wh-questions Who caught John? (Someone caught John) How many years did he get? (He got some years) Many other triggers have been proposed. Some of these are controversial even among presupposition theorists: for example that gender features on pronouns presuppose that the referent is of the appropriate sex. It is not well understood why such varied expressions should give rise to presuppositions, nor whether for each of these utterances the intuition that it takes something for granted is best understood in terms of presuppositions in the first place.