Midterm I Report

Team 19

PowerTrak: Development of the Strength Training Measurement

Device

Brad Bone bdb11c@my.fsu.edu

Jorge Cabrera jmc11h@my.fsu.edu

Kendall Parker kendall1.parker@famu.edu

Fiona Robertson fhr13@my.fsu.edu

Faculty Advisor:
Dr. Camillo Ordonez

Sponsor:
Dr. Michael Devine

Instructors:
Dr. Nikil Gupta

Dr. Chiang Shih

Date Submitted: Friday, October 21, 2016

Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Table of Contents
Table of Figures 2
Table of Tables 3
Abstract 4
Acknowledgements 5

1. Project Overview 6
1.1 Problem statement 6
1.2 Project Scope/Goal 6
1.3 Project Objectives 6
1.4 Project Constraints 7

2. Conceptual Design 8
2.1 Preliminary Design 8
2.1.1 Proof of Concept Testing 8
2.2 House of Quality (HOQ) 9
2.3 Further Consultation 11
2.4 Concept Generation and Evaluation 12
2.2.1 Morphological Chart 13
2.2.2 Concept Evaluation 13
2.5 Final Design Selection 15

3. Product Specifications 16
3.1 Design Specifications 16
3.2 Performance Specifications 18

4. Methodology/Project Planning 19
4.1 Task Breakdown 19
4.2 Resource Allocation 20

5. Conclusion 21

References 23
Appendix A 24
Biographies 25

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Table of Figures
Figure 1: Initial Brainstorming Results

Figure 2: National Instruments myRIO1900 Accelerometer

Figure 3: Proof of Concept Accelerometer Testing

Figure 4: House of Quality

Figure 5: Morphological Chart

Figure 6: Component Assembly

Figure 7: CAD Design of Ideal Prototype

Figure 8: Work Breakdown Structure

Figure 9: Gantt Chart

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Table of Tables
Table 1: Evaluation of Morphological Chart Concepts

Table 2: Summary of Specifications for Final Design

Table 3: Summary of Parts with Cost and Dimensions

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to illustrate the design of PowerTrak, which is a workout band
that includes power analysis and biometric measurements to optimize an athletes performance
PowerTrak will measure the acceleration of the weight and calculate the power that the athlete is
exerting. The data will be transferred to a mobile application to allow the athlete to track
improvement and view real-time results. Here, the preliminary design, conceptual design and
scheduling will be detailed.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Acknowledgements
Our group would like to extend gratitude to our sponsors for guiding us in the right
direction for the project. Dr. Devine, Dr. Gupta, and Dr. Ordonez provided great assistance to our
group to narrow our project down to a specific goal. We greatly appreciate the opportunity to
explore something we are passionate about, while using the skills we have acquired in our
engineering courses.
In addition, we owe a great deal to the trainers who helped us develop an idea that would
be beneficial to our target market. We provided surveys to a wide variety of trainers who gave us
their opinions on our device, and what they thought it should incorporate. We would like to thank
Taylor Jacobs, a former NFL player and trainer at Premier Health and Fitness who gave us his
expert opinion on whether our device would be suitable for Professional sports, and athletic
training. Also we extend gratitude to two more personal trainers from Premier Health and Fitness
whose names are disclosed. Finally, we would like to thank two personal trainers from Top Dog
Fitness LLC. Sam Allsopp, and Eddie Matthews. They provided us with a great deal of insight,
and a different opinion on training techniques that was useful in the iteration stage of our project
idea.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

1. Project Overview
1.1 Problem statement
The initial project scope was focused on designing a power measurement device using off
the shelf components. The data recorded by this device was to be transferred to a smartphone to
be stored and displayed in a user friendly manner. In addition, the device is required to be small in
size and affordable for the average consumer.

1.2 Project Scope/Goal

In 2013, the idea for an explosive strength weight training device was conceived by Dr.
Michael Devine and expressed to a few of his close companions and a group of his students. From
preliminary research concerning muscle power and weight training, it was found that although
explosive strength training involved methods to improve power, the market lacked devices with
the ability to quantify the amount of power an athlete could exert. Therefore, Dr. Devine and his
counterparts developed the following project goal: Utilize off-the shelf components to develop an
attachable mechanism so one can measure how powerful an athlete is. The device should store
and transmit data to a smartphone. The required measurements included, but were not
necessarily limited to, how fast a person could move a given weight a given distance, how much
acceleration a person could impart to a given weight, and how much jerk a person could impart
to a given weight (where jerk is the rate of change of acceleration). With these parameters, the
athletes performance could be monitored for improvements or comparisons could be made
between different athletes. It was also necessary for the athletes performance to be easily
monitored by the user on a friendly software app.

1.3 Project Objectives

After assessing the survey results, background information, and comparing suggestio ns
from our advisors, the project goal statement was revised to the following, Combine heart rate
monitoring with power and strength metrics to create a more complete user workout. As a future
addition, we may investigate adding on capabilities to monitor form and bar position. The scope
of this device is currently limited to upper body workouts and movements.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

1.4 Project Constraints

Based on the entrepreneurship foundation of this project, we are required to enter our
device in the InNOLEvation Competition with a full business model as support. Upon notifica tio n
of the updated project objective, our sponsor included the following constraints:

Total device should be small enough to wear on the wrist, arm or leg.
Data must be transmitted and received by a smartphone.
Assembly and material cost should be kept to a minimum.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

2. Conceptual Design
2.1 Preliminary Design

Figure 1: Initial Brainstorming Results

An initial brainstorming session produced the results seen in Figure 1. After naming the
device PowerTrak a list of innovations was assembled. The goal was to identify unique ideas
that could help make PowerTrak stand apart from existing devices. Research into currently existing
devices, like PUSH and BarSensei, made it difficult to determine features that would make
PowerTrak different. Additional results from backgraound research will be discussed in the House
of Quality (HOQ) section.

2.1.1 Proof of Concept Testing

To better understand the functionality of the accelerometer and the usefulness to this
project, a proof of concept test was performed. Dr. Ordonez provided an accelerometer, the
National Instruments myRIO1900 (Figure 2) for Team 19 to perform testing [1]. With a 20kg
workout bar, repetitions for the bench press exercise were performed with the bar and
accelerometer in hand. Results were analyzed using LabVIEW Software. myRIO records
acceleration in gs for all three axes of movement.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Figure 2: National Instruments myRIO1900 Accelerometer

A button press was used to mark to beginning and end of a rep and correlate acceleration
results to workout motion (Figure 3). Red circles indicate the upward motion of a repetition and
consequently where further code will be written to integrate the acceleration and determine the
velocity. This velocity will then be multiplied times the given weight lifted to calculate power
output. This testing affirmed the power tracking concept and therefore allowed Team 19 to begin
designing.

Figure 3: Proof of Concept Accelerometer Testing

2.2 House of Quality (HOQ)

The house of quality summarizes results from background research and preliminary design
(Figure 3). In order for PowerTrak to be a viable, useful product, customers requirements (CRs)
must be met. These requirements were found from the results of a 13 question survey (Appendix
A) provided to 5 separate certified personal trainers. Per survey results, requirements with the

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highest priority were accurate, small, and affordable. Customer importance rankings (CIs) were
also compiled based on survey results. As seen in Figure 3, none of our customer importance
rankings dropped below a 2. This is due to the fact that our goal is to design a complete user
workout, therefore every customer requirement was important and was necessary in our design.
This includes all the requirements from heart rate tracking, to affordability. Our goal is to satisfy
all customer requirements to ensure an all-encompassing device that can be utilized by athletic
programs, and trainers.
Engineering characteristics (ECs) were then assembled based on project requirements and
CRs. Some examples of ECs were a Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connection, weight, dimensions, and
power computation. Once the ranking of the relationship of ECs to CRs was calculated, scores and
relative weight of ECs was determined. Results confirmed expectations that the highest priority
characteristics were power output, size, and connectivity. These will be the key aspects of our
device to focus on since they ranked the highest.

Figure 4: House of Quality (HOQ)

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

It is important to note that in the assessment of competitor products, none of them have top
rankings in every category listed. Some of the products do not have some of the listed requireme nts
at all. This created an opportunity for Team 19 to develop a device that ranked high in every single
category. It would then be a high tech innovative device that encompassed every requireme nt
provided, which was one of our project goals. So with the HOQ an idea was generated that would
not only satisfy our engineering requirements, but will also be appealing to all customers.

2.3 Further Consultations

Comprised of all mechanical engineers, Team 19s knowledge on electrical components
and circuits is quite minimal and therefore sought out the help of Dr. Jerris Hooker of the electrical
engineering department. By brainstorming alongside Team 19, and helped develop a preliminar y
design for how PowerTrak would fit together. He suggested a stacking method in which each
component would be separated by spacers, and connected to the circuit board by pins. This allowed
a visual representation of how our device would be aligned, catapulted research into understanding
which components should be considered for conceptual design. It was necessary to find and
accelerometer, heart rate monitor, microcontroller, Bluetooth chip, and circuit. No parts will be
ordered until we are certain they are suitable for our project goals, and are approved by our advisor
Dr. Ordonez.

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2.2 Concept Generation and Evaluation

2.2.1 Morphological Chart

Figure 5: Morphological Chart

Team 19 utilized a morphological chart to create design options for PowerTrak (Figure 5).
Based on the components known to be required and those suggested by our instructor and advisor,
the left column was assembled. As for functional parameters, a combination of the engineer ing
characteristics, customer requirements, and design specifications for each part were used for
populating this column. For example, the microcontroller selection needs to be based on the
amount of memory, physical size, and communication interface for the other components in this
assembly. Options for specifications in the third column were decided collectively based on
background research and suggestions from Dr. Ordonez, our advisor, and Dr. Jerris Hooker in the
electrical engineering department.

For the accelerometer, the scope was limited to variable capacitance types only because
the alternatives, piezoelectric and piezoresistive, are both better suited for applications with shock
or vibratory motion. Variable capacitance accelerometers are also more stable with temperature
increase [2, 3]. Also, Team 19 agreed a 3-axis device with an operating temperature range up to or
beyond 40C should be chosen. It was understood that broadening the measuring range of the

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

accelerometer would decrease the accuracy of measurements. So, the proposed options in the
morphological chart are those that satisfy the needs of this project but are not so outrageously large
that they reduce the quality of the readings. Digital versus analog interface was also a concern for
the accelerometer and will be mostly based on the additional hardware chosen [4].

In terms of the microcontroller, interface with the accelerometer is key but outside of this
the computing power and means of interfacing with the other system components and a computer
also was considered. A microcontroller with an integrated development environment is desired for
ease of coding.

For battery types, Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), Lithium- ion (Li-ion), Nickel Cadmium
(NiCd) were compared. Besides the material used to store power, Li-ion batteries differ from their
Nickel counterparts in the speed that they charge and discharge. Li-ion batteries are more
expensive than both Nickel options, and they also charge and discharge faster than their Nickel
counterparts. Both Nickel options are also heavier than Li-ion. Despite all of these positives, Li-
ion batteries have faced some challenges lately, performing poorly under extreme temperature and
becoming a serious hazard when stored improperly [5]. This factor was a prominent consideratio n
in each concept evaluation. Assessing the two Nickel options, NiMH is lighter but has shorter
charge-discharge cycles than NiCd [6].

The rest of the ideas for the components were populated as follows: The competitor
assessment assisted in establishing the best options for placement of the device as the arm, wrist,
or on the weight being lifted. Band material choices also drew inspiration from existing devices
and lightweight options. Smartphone synchronization methods were compiled based on known
types and suggestions. Innovative feature options were selected from brainstorming sessions.

2.2.2 Concept Evaluation

In assessing the concepts, a scoring system was generated. Each score is the sum of
customer requirements importance rankings times the score representative of the ability of each
specification to satisfy the function. These comparison results are located in Table 1. Satisfactio n
scores were arranged 1 for low, 3 for medium, and 5 for high. Thus the maximum possible concept
score was 195. Each concept was given top rankings in heart-rate tracking, small, attachable,

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smartphone synchronous, and relays key workout metrics because these features will be consistent
no matter what design is chosen. Accuracy ratings varied based on accelerometer range. Reliability
was heavily dependent on band material and Wi-Fi or Bluetooth synchronization. For instance,
concept 2 has a lower reliability ranking because it consists of a Li-ion battery which may become
unstable in harsh conditions and has a carbon fiber band which, though lightweight, will be
difficult to clean. Concept 1 ranked lower in affordability because of the use of a NiMH battery
and Si band, which are the most expensive of the three options.

Table 1. Evaluation of Morphological Chart Concepts

Customer Requirement Customer Importance Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3

Accurate 5 3 5 1

Reliable 4 5 3 3

Heart Rate Tracking 5 5 5 5

Small 5 5 5 5

Lightweight 4 3 3 5

Attachable to Body 3 5 5 5

Affordable 4 3 3 5

Smartphone Synchronous 4 5 5 5

Relays key workout

5 5 5 5
metrics

Scores 169 172 167

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

2.3 Final Design Selection

Scoring results show that concept 2 had the highest score amongst the three options.
However, after discussion, it was decided to proceed with concept 1 for assembly. Concept 1 was
chosen because it has a NiMH battery and Silicon band. This battery option will lead to overall
increased reliability for the user, despite a small sacrifice in weight. Concept 1 also has a broader
tolerance for measuring acceleration. This will be beneficial because readings during proof of
concept testing showed that measurements may exceed 2gs. Besides the battery, band material,
and accelerometer range, concept 1 and 2 are identical designs. Therefore, if Team 19 is required
to revisit the conceptual design phase, concept 2 will be an adequate alternative. Table 2
summarizes the selection of the final design from concept 1.

Table 2. Summary of Specifications for Final Design

Component Concept 1 Selection

Accelerometer 4g Range

Microcontroller 16-bit, Digital Bluetooth Interface

Battery Nickel- Metal Hydride

User Location Wrist

Band Material Silicon

Sync to Smartphone Bluetooth

Innovative Features Heart-Rate Monitor, Gyroscope

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3. Product Specifications
3.1 Design Specifications
To restate the design selection, a wristband with accelerometer, heart rate monitor, and
gyroscope occupying a small cube on the top of the wristband. The device should be lightweight,
and the band made of a silicon. For the working prototype, components will be purchased from
Sparkfun and Digikey. The components need to be compatible with data analysis programs that
will be developed during spring semester. Table 3 below is a summary of the parts to be ordered
for the prototype.

Table 3 - Summary of Parts with Cost and Dimensions

Component Part Number Dimensions (mm) Price ($)

Microcontroller STMicroelectronics 7x7 4.63

STM32F334C826

Bluetooth Texas Instruments WL 13.3 x 13.4 23.98

1805MOD

Power Source Nickel Metal Hydride D = 11.5 5.95

Accelerometer/ Sparkfun IMU Breakout 24 x 24 14.95

Gyroscope MPU 9250

Heart Rate Monitor Sparkfun Single Leaf Heart 17 x 30 19.95

Rate Monitor AD823

Battery Charger Skyworks AAT3693 2.2 x 2.2 0.48

Total 69.94

The total cost for our prototype is $69.94, which does not include the heart rate sensor that
is a plug in to the monitor, nor does it include the cost of outsourcing the circuit board, and that
cost will vary on the design for our board. These parts are being purchased low-quantity, so if the
prototype were to be mass produced the cost would go down greatly. These components have

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dimensions small enough to be stacked and assembled into a 2 by 2 by 1.5 casing that will sit
on the wristband.

Figure 6: Component Assembly

The heart rate monitor, accelerometer, microcontroller, and Bluetooth will be stacked onto
the circuit board using pins, for simplicity of exchanging parts, and spacers to separate the devices.
The biometrical lead (heart rate sensor) will run through the wrist and connect below the palm.
Figure 6 below shows how the components will be stacked onto the circuit board for assembly.
These components will be placed in casing, and sit on the wrist band. This design for our prototype
is modeled in Figure 7 below.

Figure 7: CAD Design of Ideal Prototype

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

3.2 Performance Specifications

This device is targeted for athletes and trainers. The device should fit comfortable on the
users wrist, and withstand explosive strength training motions. The accelerometer should provide
accurate data, with a range of 4g. The smaller the range, the more accurate the data within that
range. After proof of concept testing, the max acceleration was found to be 2.5g, so the minima l
range that would include this was 4g. Through design of the mobile app, data should be presented
in easy to read, visually appealing graphics. When connecting the device to a smartphone,
Bluetooth provides instant connection. Bluetooth does not have long range detection capabilities
like Wi-Fi, but the user would be holding the smartphone with the wristband on the wrist, therefore
short range. The battery in the device will be rechargeable, with a USB connection. We are aiming
for a minimum 6-hour battery life to complete workouts without having to recharge.

The main function of the mobile application is to store data and view. The user will input
what workout and how much they are lifting. After completing the workout, the mobile applicatio n
will show graphically their peak power outputs and compare with heart rate for optimum fat burn
and a complete workout summary.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

4. Methodology & Project Planning

4.1 Task Breakdown
The work required to fulfill the expectations of this project has been categorized into four
sections; Design stage, Prototype stage, Verification stage, and Modification stage, as seen in
figure 8 below in the Work Breakdown Structure.

Figure 8: Work Breakdown Structure

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Furthermore, this task list was mapped out of the duration of school year, with a goal to
have a prototype by midterm, and begin data analysis in the spring semester (Figure 9).

Figure 9 - Gantt Chart

Team 19 plans to order off the shelf components to build the device, so specifications and
dimensions will be determined during the prototyping stage.

Goals are to minimize cost, but maximize quality and reliability of the product. The device
should not only take measurements, but also store and transmit the data to a smartphone. Although
we are not building a mobile application until modification stage in spring semester, we need to
perform initial verifications of the Bluetooth capabilities of the device. To interpret the data
accurately, we will have several rounds of testing the device during a workout.

By spring semester, Team 19 can enter the modification stage, analyzing the data from the
device. One should be able to track an athletes progress over time as he/she uses strength training
equipment, and that requires syncing the device to a smart phone frequently. A mobile applicatio n
will be built that is compatible with the device and will contain user-friendly navigation. Charts
and visuals will display indicators of power and progress in workouts.

4.2 Resource Allocation

In addition to these tasks that are essential to creating our device, the design team must
complete additional tasks including documenting the project, getting involved in competitions, etc.
Each team member was given a specific job and independent responsibilities in addition to our
team responsibilities.

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Team No. 19, Strength Training Measurement Device

Team Leader: Kendall Parker

Oversee device integration
Maintain organization and scheduling
Assist with testing of PowerTrak with athletes and trainers
Assist in build and assembly of device
Financial Advisor: Manny Cabrera
Facilitate part ordering
Manage finances
Develop mobile application
Assist in build and assembly of device
Lead ME & Web Design: Fiona Robertson
Assist in decision process for all components
Facilitate InNOLEvation competition matters
Keep design documentation for record Web design and updates
Assist in build and assembly of device
Athletic Trainer Liaison & Project Support: Brad Bone
Intermediary between project team and athletic staff
Coordinate athletic facility testing of prototype and communicates feedback
Assist in build and assembly of device

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5. Conclusion
After brainstorming and research Team 19 was able to generate an innovative idea for what
we were to create for our project. It was necessary to create a device that could not only measure
power output, but then transfer this data collected to a smartphone or app. Research and surveying
showed that some products already existed that performed these specific tasks. Therefore, Team
19 revised their problem statement to integrate heart rate monitoring with power and strength
metric reporting. A proof of concept test was then conducted to validate expectations for the
accelerometer output. Results from the conceptual design phase helped determine a final design.
The following components have been identified: accelerometer, heart rate monitor,
microcontroller, Bluetooth chip, and band material. The circuit board will be designed and
outsource for building. In the future we will look into the risk and failure analysis of the chosen
design and then begin testing the prototype, Finally Team 19 will be keeping current with the
iNOLEvation Challenge and the required milestones for the competition.

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References
[1] "NI myRIO Support - National Instruments", Sine.ni.com, 2016. [Online]. Availab le :
http://sine.ni.com/psp/app/doc/p/id/psp-1166/lang/en. [Accessed: 21- Oct- 2016].
[2] E. Corporation, "Endevco: Measurement Endeavors," in Endevco, 2008. [Online]. Availab le :
https://www.endevco.com/news/archivednews/2008/2008_09/f2.html. Accessed: Oct. 18, 2016.
[3] P. Group, "Sensing technologies used for accelerometers," in PCB Piezoelectronics, 2016.
[Online]. Availab le :
http://www.pcb.com/TestMeasurement/Accelerometers/Sensing_Tec hnologies. Accessed: Oct.
18, 2016.
[4] C. Mathas, "What you need to know to choose an accelerometer," 2013. [Online]. Availab le :
http://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2013/oct/what-you- need-to-know-to-choose-an-
accelerometer. Accessed: Oct. 18, 2016.
[5] K. Hall-Geisler, "How can lithium- ion batteries improve hybrids?," HowStuffWorks, 2010.
[Online]. Available: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/lithium- ion-batteries- improve-hybrids1. htm.
Accessed: Oct. 18, 2016.
[6] Streetdirectory, "NiMH vs. NiCad vs. Li-Ion," 2016. [Online]. Availab le :
http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/159640/technology/nimh_vs_nicad_vs_li_ion.html.
Accessed: Oct. 18, 2016.

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Appendix A
Example Survey for Trainer
Name:
Job title:
Experience:
1. As an athletic professional how would you define physical power?
2. What exercises do you believe require the greatest amount of power to perform?
3. Are there other physical qualities that you believe define an athlete?
4. As a trainer what types of progression do you look for in your clients?
5. Do you know of any products/devices on the market that can measure an athletes power?
6. If there was such a device that could measure an individuals power, could this be helpful
to your training? Why?
7. What athletes do you believe could utilize a power measurement device? Please list specific
sports, and athletic events.
8. Do you believe that tracking clients increase in power overtime could reveal their
progression and overall improvement of health? How?
9. If you could choose a physical attribute to measure for your patients which do you think
would be most useful?
10. Do you think that a power measurement device could be useful to a spectrum of age
groups? What ages specifically?
11. Does the type of power an athlete has vary by sport? Why or why not?
12. Can the power of athletes with different body types be compared? Why or why not?

13. Does body type impact the way you judge an athletes power? Why or why not ?

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Biographies
Fiona Robertson is a Mechanical Engineering student at Florida State Univers ity,
graduating in the spring of 2017. Her hometown is Jacksonville Beach, FL. She is currently
working as a Teachers Assistant for ME Tools, an intro-level Thermodynamics class for
Mechanical Engineering Students. She also serves on the executive board of Alpha Delta Pi
sorority, as the Recruitment and Marketing Vice President. In this position, she is responsible for
recruiting new members into the organization, planning various philanthropic events, and
overseeing social media and PR efforts, with the help of her Recruitment and Marketing Team.
Fionas career interests are with the Energy Industry, specifically renewable energy.

A native of Tallahassee, FL, Kendall Parker is in her final year of mechanical engineer ing
studies at Florida A&M University. When she is not focused on her studies, Kendall works as a
teaching assistant for Dynamic Systems II and Engineering Design Methods courses within the
mechanical engineering department. She also serves as vice president of the Florida Eta Chapter
of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society. After graduation, she plans on continuing to graduate
school in pursuit of a doctoral degree in renewable energy systems.

Manny Cabrera is a Mechanical Engineering student at Florida State University and is

finishing his last year of school. His hometown is West Palm Beach Florida and he has interned
with Florida Power & Light for two summers. His curriculum track is material science and he
plans on starting a career in materials engineering when he graduates.

Bradley Bone is Senior Mechanical Engineering student, with a minor in business at

Florida State University. His concentration is in thermal fluids. From 2015 to present he works as
a bartender at Recess, a local bar in Tallahassee. He also works as a part time sales associate for
Blue Water medical sales group based out of St. Petersburg Florida. In addition, he is also a
Teaching Assistant for Introduction to Mechanical Engineering taught by Dr. Simone Hruda. He
hopes to move to Atlanta, Jupiter, or Australia after graduation. He wants to work for a mechanica l
engineering firm, and utilize his skills learned throughout his years at Florida State University.

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