Easa Part 66 Guide

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EASA PART 66 GUIDE

A guide to student and LAE (License Aircraft Engineer) who want to get the LWTR license or convert it from BCAR Section
L to EASA Part 66.. Including EASA Part 66 Module, EASA part 66 Question Examination, EASA Part 66 Note, EASA Part 66
Tutor and aviation tool. Viewers can get information related to this program in this site.
What is Part 66 Part 66 Module Part 66 Question Part 66 Tutor Passive Income Forum
PART66 MODULE Sunday, 16 December 2012
LIMITATION REMOVAL
LIMITATION REMOVAL B1.1
MODULE 1
MODULE 2 You need to study only for redcoloursubject
MODULE 3
MODULE 3 : ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS (A & C TRADE)
MODULE 4
3.1 Electron Theory
MODULE 5
3.2 Static Electricity and Conduction
MODULE 6 3.3 Electrical Terminology
MODULE 7 3.4 Generation of Electricity
MODULE 8 3.5 DC Sources of Electricity
3.6 DC Circuits
MODULE 9
3.7 Resistance/Resistor
MODULE 10
3.8 Power
MODULE 11 3.9 Capacitance/Capacitor
MODULE 12 3.10 Magnetism
MODULE 13 3.11 Inductance/Inductor
MODULE 14 3.12 DC Motor/Generator Theory
3.13 AC Theory
MODULE 15
3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits
MODULE 16 3.15 Transformers
MODULE 17 3.16 Filters
3.17 AC Generators
3.18 AC Motors
MODULE 4 : ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS (A & C TRADE)

4.1 Semiconductors
4.1.1 Diodes
4.1.2 Transistors
4.1.3 Integrated Circuits
4.2 Printed Circuit Boards
4.3 Servomechanisms
MODULE 5 : DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (A & C)

5.1 Electronic Instrument Systems
5.2 Numbering Systems
5.3 Data Conversion
5.4 Data Buses
5.5 Logic Circuits
5.6 Basic Computer Structure
5.10 Fibre Optics
Athens 3 5.11 Electronic Displays
5.12 Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
Northolt 3
5.13 Software Management Control
Malaysia City 3 5.14 Electromagnetic Environment
5.15 Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft SystemsDigital Techniques and EIS
Bangkok 3
Algiers 4 MODULE 7 : MAINTENANCE PRACTICES (A & C TRADE)

7.1 Safety PrecautionsAircraft and Workshop
Moscow 4
7.2 Workshop Practices
7.3 Tools
Today 184 7.4 Avionic General Test Equipment
Online 2 7.5 Engineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards
7.6 Fits and Clearances
Total : 436,016
7.7 Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS)
$50 O | Stats 7.8 Riveting
7.9 Pipes and Hoses
7.10 Springs
7.11 Bearings
http://part66.blogspot.in/2012 1/24
Pageviews 7.12 Transmissions
7.13 Control Cables
242152 7.14 Material handling
9 7.14.1 Sheet Metal

7.14.2 Composite and nonmetallic
7.15 Welding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding
7.16 Aircraft Weight and Balance
7.17 Aircraft Handling and Storage
7.18 Disassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly Techniques
7.19 Abnormal Events
7.20 Maintenance Procedures
MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCT AND SYS (A TRADE)

11.1 Theory of Flight
11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls
11.1.2 High Speed Flight
11.2 Airframe Structures General Concepts
11.3 Airframe Structures Aeroplanes
11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56)
11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57)
11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55)
11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)
11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)
11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)
11.4.1 Air supply
11.4.2 Air Conditioning
11.4.3 Pressurisation
11.4.4 Safety and warning devices
11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems
11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31)
11.5.2 Avionic Systems
11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24)
11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)
11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26)
11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27)
11.10 Fuel System (ATA 28)
11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)
11.12 Ice And Protection (ATA 30)
11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32)
11.14 Lights (ATA 33)
11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35)
11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)
11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38)
11.18 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)
11.19 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA42)
11.20 Cabin System (ATA44)
11.21 Information Systems (ATA46)
MODULE 15 : GAS TURBINE ENGINE (A TRADE)

ALL SUBJECT
MODULE 17 : PROPELLER (A TRADE)

ALL SUBJECT
MODULE 6 : MATERIALS & HARDWARE (C TRADE)

6.1 Aircraft Materials Ferrous
6.2 Aircraft Materials NonFerrous
6.3 Aircraft Materials Composite and NonMetallic
6.3.1 Composite and nonmetallic other than wood and fabric
6.3.2 Wooden structures
6.3.3 Fabric covering
6.4 b Corrosion
6.5 Fasteners
6.5.1 Screw threads
6.5.2 Bolts, studs and screws
6.5.3 Locking devices
6.5.4 Aircraft rivets
6.6 Pipes and Unions
6.7 Springs
6.8 Bearings
6.9 Transmissions
6.10 Control Cables
6.11 Electrical Cables and Connectors
MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCT AND SYS (C TRADE)

ALL SUBJECT
Posted by soul at 19:31 7 comments: Recommend this on Google
Thursday, 8 November 2012
EASA Part 66 Module 15.7 : Exhausts
15.7 Exhaust (level 2)

Constructional features and principles of operation;
Convergent, divergent and variable area nozzles;
Engine noise reduction;
Thrust reversers.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.7 : Exhausts from soulstalker
Posted by soul at 17:47 No comments: Recommend this on Google
Wednesday, 7 November 2012
EASA Part 66 Module 15.6 : Turbine

15.6 Turbine Section (level 2)
Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types;
Blade to disk attachment;
Nozzle guide vanes;
Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.6 : Turbine from soulstalker
Wednesday, 24 October 2012
EASA Part 66 Module 15.5 : Combustion Chamber

15.5 Combustion Section (level 2)
Constructional features and principles of operation.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.5 : Combustion Chamber from soulstalker
Thursday, 11 October 2012
EASA Part 66 Module 15.3 : Inlet
15.3 Inlet (level 2)
Compressor inlet ducts;

Effects of various inlet configurations;
Ice protection.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.3 : Inlet from soulstalker
EASA Part 66 Module 15.2 : Engine Performance
15.2 Engine Performance (level 2)
Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzle thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust, thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft
horsepower, specific fuel consumption;
Engine efficiencies;
Bypass ratio and engine pressure ratio;
Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas flow;
Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating, limitations.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.2 : Engine Performance from soulstalker
EASA Part 66 Module 15.4 : Compressors

15.4 Compressors (level 2)
Axial and centrifugal types;

Constructional features and operating principles and applications;
Fan balancing;
Operation:
Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge;
Methods of air flow control: bleed valves, variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator vanes, rotating stator blades;
Compressor ratio.
EASA Part 66 Module 15.4 : Compressors from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 15.1 : Fundamental
15.1 Fundamentals (level 2)
Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

The relationship between force, work, power, energy, velocity, acceleration;
Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop
EASA Part 66 Module 15.1 : Fundamental from soulstalker
Wednesday, 1 August 2012
EASA PART66 MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE

AERODYNAMICS,STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS
11.1 Theory of Flight
11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls (lvl 2)
Operation and effect of:

roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;
yaw control, rudder limiters;
Control using elevons, ruddervators;
High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;
Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;
Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;
Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;
Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass
balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels;
11.1.2 High Speed Flight (lvl 2)
Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;
Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;
Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.
11.2 Airframe Structures General Concepts (lvl 2)
(a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;
Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;
Zonal and station identification systems;
Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;
Drains and ventilation provisions;
System installation provisions;
Lightning strike protection provision;
Aircraft bonding
(b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames,
doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anticorrosive
protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;
Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;
Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;
Surface cleaning;
Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.
11.3 Airframe Structures Aeroplanes (lvl 2)
11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56)

Construction and pressurisation sealing;
Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments;
Seat installation and cargo loading system;
Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices;
Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.
11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57)

Construction;
Fuel storage;
Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.
11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55)

Construction;
Control surface attachment.
11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)

Construction and attachment;
Balancing mass and aerodynamic.
11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)

Construction;
Firewalls;
Engine mounts.
11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)
11.4.1 Air supply (lvl 2)

Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart;
11.4.2 Air Conditioning (lvl 3)

Air conditioning systems;
Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;
Distribution systems;
Flow, temperature and humidity control system.
11.4.3 Pressurisation (lvl 3)

Pressurisation systems;
Control and indication including control and safety valves;
Cabin pressure controllers.
11.4.4 Safety and warning devices (lvl 3)

Protection and warning devices.
11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems
11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31)(lvl 2)

Pitot static system: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;
Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator,
turn and slip indicator,turn coordinator;
Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;
Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;
Glass Cockpit;
Other aircraft system indication.
11.5.2 Avionic Systems (lvl 1)

Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of;
Auto Flight (ATA 22);
Communications (ATA 23);
Navigation Systems (ATA 34).
11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24)(lvl 3)
Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation;
AC power generation;
Emergency power generation;
Voltage regulation;
Power distribution;
Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
Circuit protection;
External/Ground power;
11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)(lvl 2)
(a) Emergency equipment requirements;

Seats, harnesses and belts.
(b) Cabin layout;
Equipment layout;
Cabin Furnishing Installation;
Cabin entertainment equipment;
Galley installation;
Cargo handling and retention equipment;
Airstairs.
11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26)(lvl 3)
(a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire extinguishing systems;
System tests.
(b) Portable fire extinguisher
11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27)(lvl 3)
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;

Trim control;
Active load control;
High lift devices;
Lift dump, speed brakes;
System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, flybywire;
Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks sys.;
Balancing and rigging;
Stall protection/warning system.
11.10 Fuel System (ATA 28)(lvl 3)
System layout;
Fuel tanks;
Supply systems;
Dumping, venting and draining;
Crossfeed and transfer;
Indications and warnings;
Refuelling and defuelling;
Longitudinal balance fuel systems.
11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)(lvl 3)
System layout;
Hydraulic fluids;
Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;
Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;
Emergency pressure generation;
Filters;
Pressure Control;
Power distribution;
Indication and warning systems;
Interface with other systems.
11.12 Ice And Protection (ATA 30)(Lvl 3)
Ice formation, classification and detection;

Antiicing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;
Deicing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;
Rain repellant;
Probe and drain heating.
Wiper systems
11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32)(lvl 3)
Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;
Indications and warning;
Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;
Tyres;
Steering;
Air ground sensing.
11.14 Lights (ATA 33)(lvl 3)
External: navigation, anticollision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Emergency.
11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35)(lvl 3)
System layout: cockpit, cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;
Supply regulation;
11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)(lvl 3)
System layout;
Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;
Pressure control;
Distribution;
Interfaces with other systems.
11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38) (lvl 3)
Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing;
Corrosion aspect
11.18 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)(lvl 2)
Central maintenance computers;

Data loading system;
Electronic library system;
Printing;
Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).
11.19 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA42)(lvl 2)
Functions that may be typically integrated in the Integrated Modular Avionic (IMA) modules are, among
others:
. Bleed Management,
Air Pressure Control,
Air Ventilation and Control,
Avionics and Cockpit VentilationControl,
Temperature Control,
Air Traffic Communication,
Avionics Communication Router,
Electrical Load
Management, Circuit Breaker Monitoring,
Electrical System BITE, Fuel Management,
Braking Control,
SteeringControl,
Landing Gear Extension and Retraction,
Tyre Pressure Indication,
Oleo Pressure Indication, Brake,
Temperature Monitoring,
Core System;
Network Components
11.20 Cabin System (ATA44)(lvl 2)
The units and components which furnish a means of entering the passengers and providing communication
within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft cabin and ground
stations (Cabin Network Service).
Includes voice, data, music and video transmissions.
The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin
systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRUs and they are typically
operated via Flight Attendant Panels
The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the
following systems:
Data/Radio Communication, InFlight Entertainment Systems
Access to predeparture/departure report
Email/intranet/internet access,
Passenger database,
Cabin Core System

InFlight Entertainment System
External Communication System
Cabin Mass Memory System
Cabin Monitoring System
Miscellaneous Cabin System
EASA PART66 Module 8 : Basic Aerodynamics
8.1 Physics of the Atmosphere (level 2)

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application to aerodynamics.
EASA PART66 MODULE 8.1 : PHYSICS OF ATMOSPHERE from soulstalker
8.2 Aerodynamics (level 2)

Airflow around a body;
Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and downwash, vortices,
stagnation;
The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of
attack, wash in and wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio;
Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant;
Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack, Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, polar curve, stall;
Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost.
EASA PART66 MODULE 8.2 : AERODYNAMICS from soulstalker
8.3 Theory of Flight (level 2)

Relationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag;
Glide ratio;
Steady state flights, performance;
Theory of the turn;
Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations;
Lift augmentation.
EASA PART66 MODULE 8.3 : THEORY OF FLIGHT from soulstalker
8.4 Flight Stability and Dynamics (level 2)

Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive)
EASA PART66 MODULE 8.4 : FLIGHT STABILITY AND DYNAMICS from soulstalker
Posted by soul at 18:01 18 comments: +3 Recommend this on Google
EASA Part66 Module 5.15 : Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems
5.15 Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems (LVL 2)

a. General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated BITE.
ACARSARINC Communication & Addressing and Reporting System
ECAMElectronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring
EFISElectronic Flight Instrument System
EICASEngine Indication and Crew Alerting System
FBWFly by Wire
FMSFlight Management System
GPSGlobal Positioning System
IRSInertial Reference System
TCASTraffic Alert Collision Avoidance System
Integrated Modular Avionics
Cabin Systems
Information Systems
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.15 : TYPICAL AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS from soulstalker
Posted by soul at 01:04 1 comment: Recommend this on Google
EASA Part66 Module 5.14 : Electromagnetic Environment
5.14 Electromagnetic Environment (LVL 2)

a. Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system:
EMCElectromagnetic Compatibility
EMIElectromagnetic Interference
HIRFHigh Intensity Radiated Field
Lightning/lightning protection
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.14 : ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 5.12 : Electrostatic Sensitive Devices

5.12 Electrostatic Sensitive Devices (LVL 2)
a. Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges
b. Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel antistatic protection devices
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.12 : ELECTRONICS SENSITIVE DEVICES from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 5.11 : Electronic Displays
5.11 Electronic Displays (LVL 2)

a. Principles of operation used in modern aircraft,
Cathode Ray Tubes,
Light Emitting Diodes & Liquid Crystal Display.
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.11 : ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 5.4 : Data Buses
5.4 Data Buses (LVL 2)

a. Operation of data buses in aircraft systems,
b. ARINC and other specifications
c. Aircraft network / Ethernet.
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.4 : DATA BUSES from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 5.3 : Data Conversion
5.3 Data Conversion (LVL 1)

a. Analogue Data, Digital Data
b. Operation and application
Analogue to digital
Digital to analogue converters
Inputs and outputs
Limitations of various types
EASA PART66 MODULE 5.3 : DATA CONVERSION from soulstalker
EASA Part66 Module 5.1 : Electronic Instrument System
5.1 Electronic Instrument Systems (LVL 2)

a. Typical systems arrangements
b. Cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems.
EASA PART 66 MODULE 5.1 : ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS from soulstalker
Posted by soul at 00:39 1 comment: +4 Recommend this on Google
Thursday, 14 June 2012
EASA PART66 MODULE 17 : PROPELLER
17.1Fundamentals(level2)
Bladeelementtheory
High/lowbladeangle,reverseangle,angleofattack,rotationalspeed
Propellerslip
Aerodynamic,centrifugal,andthrustforces
Torque
Relativeairflowonbladeangleofattack
Vibrationandresonance.
17.2PropellerConstruction(level2)
Constructionmethodsandmaterialsusedinwooden,compositeandmetalpropellers
Bladestation,bladeface,bladeshank,bladebackandhubassembly
Fixedpitch,controllablepitch,constantspeedingpropeller
Propeller/spinnerinstallation.
17.3PropellerPitchControl(level2)
Speedcontrolandpitchchangemethods,mechanicalandelectrical/electronic
Featheringandreversepitch
Overspeedprotection.
17.4PropellerSynchronising(level2)
Synchronisingandsynchrophasingequipment.
17.5PropellerIceProtection(level2)
Fluidandelectricaldeicingequipment.
17.6PropellerMaintenance(level3)
Staticanddynamicbalancing
Bladetracking
Assessmentofbladedamage,erosion,corrosion,impactdamage,delamination
Propellertreatment/repairschemes
Propellerenginerunning
17.7PropellerStorageandPreservation(level2)
Propellerpreservationanddepreservation
EASA PART66 MODULE 16 : PISTON ENGINE
Mechanical,thermalandvolumetricefficiencies
Operatingprinciples2stroke,4stroke,OttoandDiesel
Pistondisplacementandcompressionratio
Engineconfigurationandfiringorder.
16.2EnginePerformance(level2)
Powercalculationandmeasurement
Factorsaffectingenginepower
Mixtures/leaning,preignition.
16.3EngineConstruction(level2)
Crankcase,crankshaft,camshafts,sumps
Accessorygearbox
Cylinderandpistonassemblies
Connectingrods,inletandexhaustmanifolds
Valvemechanisms
Propellerreductiongearboxes.
16.4EngineFuelSystems(level2)
16.4.1Carburettors
Types,constructionandprinciplesofoperation
Icingandheating.
16.4.2Fuelinjectionsystems
Types,constructionandprinciplesofoperation
16.4.3Electronicenginecontrol
Operationofenginecontrolandfuelmeteringsystemsincludingelectronicenginecontrol(FADEC)
Systemslayoutandcomponents.
16.5StartingandIgnitionSystems(level2)
Startingsystems,preheatsystems
Magnetotypes,constructionandprinciplesofoperation
Ignitionharnesses,sparkplugs
Lowandhightensionsystems.
16.6Induction,ExhaustandCoolingSystems(level2)
Constructionandoperationof:inductionsystemsincludingalternateairsystems
Exhaustsystems,enginecoolingsystemsairandliquid.
16.7Supercharging/Turbocharging(level2)
Principlesandpurposeofsupercharginganditseffectsonengineparameters
Constructionandoperationofsupercharging/turbochargingsystems
Systemterminology
Controlsystems
Systemprotection.
16.8LubricantsandFuels(level2)
Propertiesandspecifications
Fueladditives
Safetyprecautions.
16.9LubricationSystems(level2)
Systemoperation/layoutandcomponents.
16.10EngineIndicationSystems(level2)
EnginespeedCylinderheadtemperature
CoolanttemperatureOilpressureandtemperature
ExhaustGasTemperatureFuelpressureandflow
Manifoldpressure.
16.11PowerplantInstallation(level2)
Configurationoffirewalls,cowlings,acousticpanels,enginemounts,antivibrationmounts,hoses,pipes,feeders,
connectors,wiringlooms,controlcablesandrods,liftingpointsanddrains.
16.12EngineMonitoringandGroundOperation(level3)
Proceduresforstartingandgroundrunup
Interpretationofenginepoweroutputandparameters
Inspectionofengineandcomponents:criteria,tolerances,anddataspecifiedbyenginemanufacturer.
16.13EngineStorageandPreservation(level2)
Preservationanddepreservationfortheengineandaccessories/systems.
EASA PART66 MODULE 15 : GAS TURBINE ENGINE
15.2EnginePerformance(level2)
15.3Inlet(level2)
15.4Compressors(level2)
15.5CombustionSection(level2)
15.6TurbineSection(level2)
15.7Exhaust(level2)
15.8BearingsandSeals(level2)
15.9LubricantsandFuels(level2)
15.10LubricationSystems(level2)
15.11FuelSystems(level2)
Operationofenginecontrolandfuelmeteringsystemsincludingelectronicenginecontrol(FADEC)
Systemslayoutandcomponents.
15.12AirSystems(level2)
Operationofengineairdistributionandantiicecontrolsystems,includinginternalcooling,sealingandexternalairservices.
15.13StartingandIgnitionSystems(level2)
Operationofenginestartsystemsandcomponents
Ignitionsystemsandcomponents
Maintenancesafetyrequirements.
15.14EngineIndicationSystems(level2)
ExhaustGasTemperature/InterstageTurbineTemperature
EngineThrustIndication:EnginePressureRatio,engineturbinedischargepressureorjetpipepressuresystems
Oilpressureandtemperature
Fuelpressureandflow
Enginespeed
Vibrationmeasurementandindication
Torque
Power.
15.15PowerAugmentationSystems(level2)
Operationandapplications
Waterinjection,watermethanol
Afterburnersystems.
15.16TurbopropEngines(level2)
Gascoupled/freeturbineandgearcoupledturbines
Reductiongears
Integratedengineandpropellercontrols
Overspeedsafetydevices.
15.17Turboshaftengines(level2)
Arrangements,drivesystems,reductiongearing,couplings,controlsystems.
15.18AuxiliaryPowerUnits(APUs)(level2)
Purpose,operation,protectivesystems.
15.19PowerplantInstallation(level2)
Configurationoffirewalls,cowlings,acousticpanels,enginemounts,antivibrationmounts,hoses,pipes,feeders,
connectors,wiringlooms,controlcablesandrods,liftingpointsanddrains.
15.20FireProtectionSystems(level2)
Operationofdetectionandextinguishingsystems.
15.21EngineMonitoringandGroundOperation(level2)
Proceduresforstartingandgroundrunup
Interpretationofenginepoweroutputandparameters
Trend(includingoilanalysis,vibrationandboroscope)monitoring
Inspectionofengineandcomponentstocriteria,tolerancesanddataspecifiedbyenginemanufacturer
Compressorwashing/cleaning
ForeignObjectDamage.
15.22EngineStorageandPreservation(level2)
Preservationanddepreservationfortheengineandaccessories/systems.
EASA PART66 MODULE 12 : HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND

SYSTEMS
12.1TheoryofFlightRotaryWingAerodynamics(level2)
Terminology
Effectsofgyroscopicprecession
Torquereactionanddirectionalcontrol
Dissymmetryoflift,Bladetipstall
Translatingtendencyanditscorrection
Corioliseffectandcompensation
Vortexringstate,powersettling,overpitching
Autorotation
Groundeffect.
12.2FlightControlSystems(level3)
CycliccontrolCollectivecontrol
Swashplate
Yawcontrol:AntiTorqueControl,Tailrotor,bleedair
MainRotorHead:DesignandOperationfeatures
BladeDampers:Functionandconstruction
RotorBlades:Mainandtailrotorbladeconstructionandattachment
Trimcontrol,fixedandadjustablestabilisers
Systemoperation:manual,hydraulic,electricalandflybywire
Artificialfeel
BalancingandRigging.
12.3BladeTrackingandVibrationAnalysis(level3)
Rotoralignment
Mainandtailrotortracking
Staticanddynamicbalancing
Vibrationtypes,vibrationreductionmethods
Groundresonance.
12.4Transmissions(level3)
Gearboxes,mainandtailrotors
Clutches,freewheelunitsandrotorbrake.
Tailrotordriveshafts,flexiblecouplings,bearings,vibrationdampersandbearinghangers.
12.5AirframeStructures(level2)
(a)Airworthinessrequirementsforstructuralstrength
Structuralclassification,primary,secondaryandtertiary
Failsafe,safelife,damagetoleranceconcepts
Zonalandstationidentificationsystems
Stress,strain,bending,compression,shear,torsion,tension,hoopstress,fatigue
Drainsandventilationprovisions
Systeminstallationprovisions
Lightningstrikeprotectionprovision.
(b)Constructionmethodsof:stressedskinfuselage,formers,stringers,longerons,
bulkheads,frames,doublers,struts,ties,beams,floorstructures,reinforcement,
methodsofskinningandanticorrosiveprotection.
Pylon,stabiliserandundercarriageattachments
Seatinstallation
Doors:construction,mechanisms,operationandsafetydevices
Windowsandwindscreenconstruction
Fuelstorage
Firewalls
Enginemounts
Structureassemblytechniques:riveting,bolting,bonding
Methodsofsurfaceprotection,suchaschromating,anodising,painting
Surfacecleaning
Airframesymmetry:methodsofalignmentandsymmetrychecks.
12.6AirConditioning(ATA21)(level3)
12.6.1Airsupply
Sourcesofairsupplyincludingenginebleedandgroundcart
12.6.2AirConditioning
Airconditioningsystems
Distributionsystems
Flowandtemperaturecontrolsystems
Protectionandwarningdevices.
12.7Instruments/AvionicSystems(level2)
12.7.1InstrumentSystems(ATA31)
Pitotstaticsystem:altimeter,airspeedindicator,verticalspeedindicator
Gyroscopic:artificialhorizon,attitudedirector,directionindicator,horizontalsituationindicator,turnandslipindicator,turn
coordinator
Compasses:directreading,remotereading
VibrationindicatingsystemsHUMS
GlassCockpit
Otheraircraftsystemindication.
12.7.2AvionicSystems(level1)
Fundamentalsofsystemlayoutsandoperationof:
AutoFlight(ATA22)
Communications(ATA23)
NavigationSystems(ATA34).
12.8ElectricalPower(ATA24)(level3)
BatteriesInstallationandOperation
DCpowergeneration,ACpowergeneration
Emergencypowergeneration
Voltageregulation,Circuitprotection.
Powerdistribution
Inverters,transformers,rectifiers
External/Groundpower.
12.9EquipmentandFurnishings(ATA25)(level2)
(a)Emergencyequipmentrequirements
Seats,harnessesandbelts
Liftingsystems.
(b)Emergencyflotationsystems
Cabinlayout,cargoretention
Equipmentlayout
CabinFurnishingInstallation.
12.10FireProtection(ATA26)(level3)
Fireandsmokedetectionandwarningsystems
Fireextinguishingsystems
Systemtests.
12.11FuelSystems(ATA28)(level3)
Systemlayout
Fueltanks
Supplysystems
Dumping,ventinganddraining
Crossfeedandtransfer
Indicationsandwarnings
Refuellinganddefuelling.
12.12HydraulicPower(ATA29)(level3)
Systemlayout
Hydraulicfluids
Hydraulicreservoirsandaccumulators
Pressuregeneration:electric,mechanical,pneumatic
Emergencypressuregeneration
PressureControl
Powerdistribution
Indicationandwarningsystems
Interfacewithothersystems.
Filters.
12.13IceandRainProtection(ATA30)(level3)
Iceformation,classificationanddetection
Antiicinganddeicingsystems:electrical,hotairandchemical
Rainrepellantandremoval
Probeanddrainheating.
Wipersystem.
12.14LandingGear(ATA32)(level3)
Construction,shockabsorbing
Extensionandretractionsystems:normalandemergency
Indicationsandwarning
Wheels,tyres,brakes
Steering
Skids,floats.
Airgroundsensing.
12.15Lights(ATA33)(level3)
External:navigation,landing,taxiing,ice
Internal:cabin,cockpit,cargo
Emergency.
12.16Pneumatic/Vacuum(ATA36)(level3)
Systemlayout
Sources:engine,compressors,reservoirs,groundsupply
Pressurecontrol
Distribution
Indicationsandwarnings
Interfaceswithothersystems.
12.17IntegratedModularAvionics(ATA42)(level2)
FunctionsthatmaybetypicallyintegratedintheIntegratedModularAvionic(IMA)modulesare,amongothers:
BleedManagement,AirPressureControl,AirVentilationandControl,AvionicsandCockpitVentilationControl,Temperature
Control,AirTrafficCommunication,AvionicsCommunicationRouter,ElectricalLoadManagement,CircuitBreaker
Monitoring,ElectricalSystemBITE,FuelManagement,BrakingControl,SteeringControl,LandingGearExtensionand
Retraction,TyrePressureIndication,OleoPressureIndication,BrakeTemperatureMonitoring,etc
CoreSystem
NetworkComponents
12.18OnBoardMaintenanceSystems(ATA45)(level2)
CentralMaintenanceComputers
Dataloadingsystems
ElectroniclibrarysystemPrinting
Structuremonitoring(damagetolerancemonitoring)
12.19InformationSystems(ATA46)(level2)
Theunitsandcomponentswhichfurnishameansofstoring,updatingandretrievingdigitalinformationtraditionallyprovideon
paper,microfilmormicrofiche.Includesunitsthatarededicatedtotheinformationstorageandretrievalfunctionsuchasthe
electroniclibrarymassstorageandcontroller.Doesnotincludeunitsorcomponentsinstalledforotherusesandsharedwith
othersystems,suchasflightdeckprinterorgeneralusedisplay
TypicalexampleincludeAirTrafficandInformationManagementSystemandNetworkServerSystems
AircraftGeneralInformationSystems
FlightDeckInformationSystem
MaintenanceInformationSystem
PassengerCabinInformationSystem
MiscellaneousInformationSystem
Posted by soul at 02:17 6 comments: +1 Recommend this on Google
EASA PART66 MODULE 10 : AIR LEGISLATION
10.1InternationalandMalaysianAviationRequirement(level2)
InternationalCivilAviationOrganisation(ICAO):
formation,structure,functions,obligationsandresponsibility
ReviewofICAOrelevantAnnexes
ICAOspecificationapplicabletotheparticularcourseofstudy
Government,MinisterialandNationalAviationAuthorityresponsiblefortheCivilAviationwithintheStates
NationalCivilAviationRegulation,CivilAviationAct,MCAR,AirworthinessNotices,AirInformationCircular&AirInformation
Publication(inrelationtoairworthinessofaircraft)
StatecompetencyandlicensingregulationforAMEs
FormalitiesprescribedbyDCAMsuchasCertificateofRegistration,CertificatesofAirworthiness,Logbooks,Certificateof
Maintenance(CRS,CRSSMI,CMR,CofFF),MaintenanceSchedulesandCertificateofApproval
Formatofdocuments,requiredsignature,andconditionofissueoforcompliance,periodofvalidityandretentionof
certificate.
10.2AirworthinessRequirements(level2)
Designrequirements(AirworthinessNoticeNo.1andAnnex8AirworthinessofAircraft):
performance,structuralstrength,handling,aerodynamics,reliabilitysystemorcomponentperformance,enginetype,
monitoringprogrammeandtests
Constructionrequirements:
materialquality,constructionmethod,approvedmanufacturingorganization(DOA),systemoftraceabilitytosourceoforigin
andqualitycontrol,qualityassurance
Testrequirement:
MPD,Structuretestprogramme,Safelife,FailSafeandDamage
Tolerantconceptandtesting
ComponentandSystemtesting
FlighttestschedulesandEnginetestschedule
Testprogrammeforspecialcases
ProcedurefortheMaintenanceofContinuingAirworthiness:
AppropriatelyapprovedMaintenanceOrganisation(PartMandPart145
AirworthinessDirectives:
DCAMandForeignAD.Issue,control,actionanddissemination.OnetimeandrecurringADS
Operationalrequirements:
Operationmanual,Flightandperformancescheduling,TechnicalLogandMinimumEquipmentList(MEL)
Maintenancerequirements:
UseofaircraftMaintenanceManuals,MaintenanceSchedules,Overhaulperiod,LifeLimitedParts,MaintenanceProgramme
HT,OC,CM
ResponsibilityofLicencedAircraftMaintenancePersonnelworkingwithanOperatororanaircraftMaintenanceOrganisation.
10.3CivilAviationOperatingRegulation(level2)
Fitness/health
Stress:domesticandworkrelated
Timepressureanddeadlines
Workload:overloadandunderload
Sleepandfatigue,shiftwork
Alcohol,medication,drugabuse.
10.4AirTransportOperations(level2)
Briefhistoricalreviewofcommercialaviation
Outlineofmajorfactorsinairlineorganizationandeconomics
10.5OrganisationandManagementoftheOperator(level2)
UnderstandingoftheairoperatorsresponsibilitiesformaintenanceandtherelationshipbetweentheoperatorsMaintenance
ManagementOrganisationExposition(MMOE)andmaintenanceorganizationProcedureManual(MOE)
Generalstructureofanairline:
Functionandorganizationofvariousdepartments.DetailfunctionofEngineering
Technical,ProductionandQualityAssurancedepartmentandtheirfunction,responsibilityandinterrelationbetweeneach
departmentheads
DocumentationofMaintenance:
Useofaircraftmanuals,manufacturerbulletinsandADs,preparationandapprovalofmaintenanceschedule,MELand
TechnicalLog.FamiliarwithJob/taskcards,worksheets,Logbooks,weightschedulesandflighttestschedules.
UnderstandtheQualitydepartmentaudit/operation/inspection
PlannedMaintenancework:
UnderstandthePlanningdepartmentfunctioninmaintenanceworksuchaschecksperiod,calloutoncomponentslife,check
cycles,rotationofcomponentsandoverhaulofcomponents
Hangarlayout,dockingfacilityandequipment
Workshopsafety,firehazardandfirstaids
Managementmethods:
Methodsstudy,timeandmotionstudy,statisticalmethods,budgetingandanalysis.
10.6OperatorEconomicsRelatedtoMaintenance(level2)
Maintenancecosts:
Percentageofoperatingcosts,capitalequipmentcosts,labour,consumablestores,storesinventory,effectofelapsedtime
onairlinecosts,manhoursrequiredtocompleteatypicalworkandmaintenancetimeoverrunpenalties
Relativecostofoverhaulbymanufacturerorairline
Component/engineleasing
Planning:
Analysisofdifferentcyclicsystem(progressiveandequalizedchecks),longtermplanningformixedfleet,balancework
loading,effectofseasonalpeakonworkloading
Preparingofworksheetandjobcards,tasktimeandtasksequenceforoptimumdowntime
DevelopmentEngineering:
Liaisonwithmanufacturer,studyofnewaircrafttypes,performanceanalysis,modificationpolicy,defectanalysis,improved
utilization,reliabilityprogramme,enginetrendmonitoring,reliabilitystudy
Labourpolicy:
Skillrequiredtrainingandrecruitment,gradingandqualification,salarystructureandagreementswithtradeunion
Stateregulation,incentive,disciplineandwelfare
QualityControlandAssurance:
Inspectionprocedure,documentation,recordsandsamplingtechnique.Psychologicalaspectofinspection,duplicate
inspectionaccordingtoNationalandInternationalstandards
Safety:
NationalIndustrialsafety,insurancerequirement,controlofHazmat,protectivemeasuresinworkarea
10.7ApprovedMaintenanceOrganisations(AMOs)(level2)
Conceptofacorporatebody,itslegalresponsibilitiesandorganizationalstructure
Groupofpersonnominatedasbeingresponsibleforensuringcompliancewithapprovedrequirements
Establishmentofthecompetenceofpersonnelandtrainingofpersonssigningmaintenancerelease
Issueoftermsofapprovalbythestate
Maintenanceproceduresandexposition
AMOqualityassuranceandinspectionsystem
AMOfacilities,tools,equipmentandworkingenvironment
AMOstoragefacilitiesandprocedures
Accesstonecessarytechnicaldata
Recordkeepingandrecordingprocedure,recordsretention
Issueofamaintenancerelease.
10.8TheRoleofDCAMalaysiaAsAnAviationRegulatoryBody(level2)
Protectionofpublicinterestbyestablishingtheneedforthefeasibilityofairserviceandensuringsafetyofflightoperations
conductedwithintheMalaysia
Regulationofthedegreeofcompetitionbetweenoperatorsandexercisecontrolovercommercialairoperators
DefinitionoftherequirementforStateownedorStateoperatedfacilitiesandservices
Stateauthorityisnormallyexercisedthroughtheincorporationofcivilaviationacts,lawsandstatutesintothestateslegal
system.ItisalsoassertedthroughtheestablishmentofaStateCivilAviationAuthoritywhichhasthepowertoapply
principlessetforthintheaviationlaw,developcivilaviationregulationsandordersandestablishrequirementsfortheissue
oflicences,certificatesandotherinstrumentsofauthoritydeemednecessaryforcommercialairtransport.TheStatemust
alsoinspectallaspectofcommercialairtransportoperationstoensurecontinuingcompliancewithStaterequirements,
recommendcorrectiveactiontoairoperatorsandrevokeorsuspendanairoperatorslicenses.
10.9AircraftCertification,DocumentsandMaintenance(level2)
RequirementofaTypeCertification(TCinaccordancetoAnnex8).Code/CertificationRule(CFRFAR,EASA21/23/25/27)
TypeCertificateissuebyStateofDesign,associatedTCDataSheet,controlandrevision
SupplementalTCandMajorModification
IndividualAircraftCertification:
DesignOrganisationApprovalandProductionOrganisationApproval
ApprovedDatasuchasAFM,MMEL,MPD,WBM
AcceptableDatasuchasAMM,CMM,WDM,IPC,SRM
IssuanceofCertificateofRegistrationandCertificateofAirworthiness
DocumentstobecarriedonboardtheaircraftsuchasCofR,CofA,Weight&BalanceReport,FlightTestReport,Noise
Certificate,RadioStationLicense.
10.10RequirementForContinuingAirworthiness(level2)
Understandingtheconceptthatcontinuingairworthinessisaprocessofensuringthatatanytimeinitsoperatinglife,the
aircraftshouldcomplywithairworthinessrequirementsandshouldbeinaconditionforsafeoperation
RenewalorcontinuedvalidityofCofA
ApprovalorAcceptanceofmaintenanceprogrammes,minimumequipmentlists,ADs,SBs,SLs,Aircraftmaintenance
manual,operatormaintenancecontrolmanualandAMOmaintenanceProcedureManuals
UnderstandingoftheimportanceofDefectsReportingandMandatoryOccurrenceReporting(MOR)procedurestothe
Authorityandthetypedesignholder
Analysisofdefectsandaccidentsinformationandthenextactiontobetakentopreventsuchincidentrecurring
StructuralintegrityprogrammesuchasCPCP,AgeingAircraft,SSIP,ALIs
SpecialOperationalApprovals:
ExtendedRangeTwinEngineOperationProcedures(ETOPs),ReducedVerticalSeparationMinima(RVSM),Required
NavigationPerformance(NRP),MinimumNavigationPerformanceSpecification(MNPS).
Wednesday, 13 June 2012
EASA PART66 MODULE 9 : HUMAN FACTOR
9.1General(level2)
Theneedtotakehumanfactorsintoaccount
Incidentsattributabletohumanfactors/humanerror
Murphy'slaw.
9.2HumanPerformanceandLimitations(level2)
Vision
Hearing
Informationprocessing
Attentionandperception
Memory
Claustrophobiaandphysicalaccess.
9.3SocialPsychology(level1)
Responsibility:individualandgroup
Motivationanddemotivation
Peerpressure
Cultureissues
Teamworking
Management,supervisionandleadership.
9.4FactorsAffectingPerformance(level2)
Fitness/health
Stress:domesticandworkrelated
Timepressureanddeadlines
Workload:overloadandunderload
Sleepandfatigue,shiftwork
Alcohol,medication,drugabuse.
9.5PhysicalEnvironment(level1)
Noiseandfumes
Illumination
Climateandtemperature
Motionandvibration
Workingenvironment.
9.6Tasks(level1)
Physicalwork
Repetitivetasks
Visualinspection
Complexsystems.
9.7Communication(level2)
Withinandbetweenteams
Workloggingandrecording
Keepinguptodate,currency
Disseminationofinformation.
9.8HumanError(level2)
Errormodelsandtheories
Typesoferrorinmaintenancetasks
Implicationsoferrors(i.eaccidents)
Avoidingandmanagingerrors.
9.9HazardsintheWorkplace(level2)
Recognisingandavoidinghazards
Dealingwithemergencies.
Posted by soul at 23:48 No comments: +1 Recommend this on Google
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PART66 MODULE Sunday, 16 December 2012

MODULE 4 : ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS (A & C TRADE)

MODULE 5 : DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (A & C)

Algiers 4 MODULE 7 : MAINTENANCE PRACTICES (A & C TRADE)

9 7.14.1 Sheet Metal

MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCT AND SYS (A TRADE)

MODULE 15 : GAS TURBINE ENGINE (A TRADE)

MODULE 17 : PROPELLER (A TRADE)

MODULE 6 : MATERIALS & HARDWARE (C TRADE)

MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCT AND SYS (C TRADE)

Posted by soul at 19:31 7 comments: Recommend this on Google

Thursday, 8 November 2012

EASA Part 66 Module 15.7 : Exhausts

15.7 Exhaust (level 2)

EASA Part 66 Module 15.7 : Exhausts from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 17:47 No comments: Recommend this on Google

Wednesday, 7 November 2012

EASA Part 66 Module 15.6 : Turbine

EASA Part 66 Module 15.6 : Turbine from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 17:40 No comments: Recommend this on Google

Wednesday, 24 October 2012

EASA Part 66 Module 15.5 : Combustion Chamber

EASA Part 66 Module 15.5 : Combustion Chamber from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 17:58 No comments: Recommend this on Google

Thursday, 11 October 2012

EASA Part 66 Module 15.3 : Inlet

15.3 Inlet (level 2)

Compressor inlet ducts;

EASA Part 66 Module 15.3 : Inlet from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 20:18 No comments: Recommend this on Google

EASA Part 66 Module 15.2 : Engine Performance

15.2 Engine Performance (level 2)

EASA Part 66 Module 15.2 : Engine Performance from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 20:17 2 comments: Recommend this on Google

EASA Part 66 Module 15.4 : Compressors

Axial and centrifugal types;

EASA Part 66 Module 15.4 : Compressors from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 20:15 No comments: Recommend this on Google

EASA Part66 Module 15.1 : Fundamental

15.1 Fundamentals (level 2)

Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's laws of motion, Brayton cycle;

EASA Part 66 Module 15.1 : Fundamental from soulstalker

Posted by soul at 20:14 No comments: Recommend this on Google

Wednesday, 1 August 2012

EASA PART66 MODULE 11A : TURBINE AEROPLANE

11.1 Theory of Flight

11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls (lvl 2)

Operation and effect of:

11.1.2 High Speed Flight (lvl 2)

Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight,

11.2 Airframe Structures General Concepts (lvl 2)

(a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength;

11.3 Airframe Structures Aeroplanes (lvl 2)

11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56)

11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57)

11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55)

11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)

11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)

11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)

11.4.1 Air supply (lvl 2)