Example5

PsychometricChartExamples
Nomenclature
S Sensible heat gain (Btu/second)
Ma Mass flow rate (a), it could be water of air (Lb\s)
Cpma Specific heat capacity of (air) (kJ/Lb)
T1 Temperature (at 1) (oF)

L Latent heat gain (Btu/second)

hg Enthalpy (of gas) (Btu/pound of dry air)
W1 Absolute humidity of air (at point 1) (Lb of moisture /Lb of dry air)

Q Rate of Energy Exchange (Btu/Second)

UsefulEquations
Sensible Heat Gain: S =MaCpma(T1-T2)

Latent Heat Gain: L= Mahg(W1-W2)

Energy Exchange: Q = Ma(h1-h2) or MaCpma(T1-T2) for sensible heat exchangers (heating

coils.)

Example1
A terminal reheat system maintains two zones of a building at 21oC (70oF) throughout
the year and 55% relative humidity for the summer design case.

Zone A has a sensible heat gain of 90kW (85 Btu/second) in the summer and a
sensible heat loss of 40kW (38 Btu/second) in the winter. Zone B has a sensible heat
gain of 60kW (57 Btu/second) in the summer and a sensible heat loss of 30kW (28
Btu/second) in the winter.

Both zones have the same constant latent heat gain in the summer and winter.
The external design states are 27oC (81oF) dry bulb and 21oC (70oF) wet bulb in the
summer and -5oC (23oF) saturated in the winter.
Recirculated air is mixed with fresh air in the ratio 3:1 by mass before entering the
central plant which has a cooler and fan. The cooling coil has an ADP of 10oC (50oF)
and a contact factor of 0.85.
If the temp gain across the fan is negligible, calculate;

I. the latent heat gains

II. the cooling coil and reheater loads for the summer design case
III. the room supply temperatures in the winter
IV. the total heating load in the winter
V. the room relative humidity in winter

Cpma = 1.02 kJ/kgK (0.24 BTU/lb/degree F )

hg = 2540 kJ/kg (1092 Btu/pound of dry air)

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SolutionforExample1

Figure 1: Air system containing an economizer, cooling coil, fan and a reheater per zone

Outside Air and ADP are fixed. Return state is also given for summer design case.
Calculate Mixed Point M based on the proportional relationship given in the question
(3 parts return air: 1 part fresh air). Plot M of length O-R from R.
Temperature = 54 F
Enthalpy = 28.4 Btu/ pound dry air
Absolute humidity = .0099 lb/lb

The off-coil condition is determined by plotting the Apparatus Dew Point (ADP) and
drawing a line from M to ADP. The coil has a stated contact factor of 0.85 which
denoting 85% efficiency. Point W, the off coil condition, is .85 length of M-ADP
starting at M.

The question states to ignore the rise across the fan. Therefore W= S or the main
supply state.
Temperature = 54 oF
Enthalpy = 21.6 Btu/ pound dry air.
Absolute humidity = .00795 lb/lb

The maximum temperature differential should be used for the case where load is
largest, i.e. Zone A at 85Btu/second. In this case the reheater should not be used so
(TRa-TSa) = (70-54)= 16oF

S =MACpma(TRa-TSa)

MA = S/ Cpma(TRa-TSa)

MA = 85/ (.24*(70-54))

MaA= 22 lb/second

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Now calculate the Latent heat gains from the data available. Take Wr from your chart.
L= Mahg(WRa-WSa)
LA =22*1092*(.00865-.00795)
LA= 16.5 Btu/second

N.B. We know that the latent gains to both spaces are the same. Therefore the supply
air absolute humidity must be the same for both spaces. Therefore the Mass Flow
Rates to both spaces must be the same = 22lb/second

The supply temperature to Zone B can now be calculated.

S =MbCpma(TRb-TSb)

57= 22(.24)(70- TSb)

TSb = 70- (57/(22*.24))

TSb = 59.2 oF

ii) Cooling Coil (CC) and Reheater loads

Qcc = MA+B(hM-hW), same mass flow rates for both zones

Qcc = (22+22)(28.4-21.6)

Qcc = 299.2 Btu/second

Zone A reheater is not used at design case

Zone B reheater
QrhB =MACpma(TSb-TS)
QrhB = 22(.24) (59.2-54)
QrhB = 27.456 Btu/second

iii) Solve for homework

iv) Solve for homework
v) Solve for homework

Plot out winter case on Psychometric chart for homework.

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Figure 2: Psychometric chart solution for example 1

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Example2
The summer sensible heat gains in two zones of a building on the design day together
with the outside air dry bulb temperature are given at four times of the day in the
following table

Time(Hours) 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00

ZoneA(Btu/second) 28 47 8 6
ZoneB(Btu/second) 2 4 30 52
OATempdb/F 66 70 73 75

Both zones are to be maintained at a temperature of 21C (70F)db by a dual-duct

plant which handles a mixture of outside air and re-circulated room air at a ratio 1:3.
If the cold duct temperature remains at 16C (61F) throughout the day, calculate the:

i. mass of air supplied in each zone;

ii. mass of air flowing in the hot duct at 12:00 and 14:00 hours (assumes the hot
duct heater battery is turned off);
iii. dry bulb temperature of the air in the hot duct at 10:00 and 16:00 hours.

SolutionforExample2

Figure 3: Dual Duct System containing fan, a hot deck, a cold deck, two constant volume
terminal units and two zones

i) Summer case
We base the air flow rate on the maximum sensible heat gains to each zone.
Sensible Heat Gain: S =MaCpma(T1-T2)

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MA = S/ Cpma(TRa-TSa)

MA = 47/ (.24*(70-61))

MA = 21.56 lb/second (Based on the assumption that only the cold duct supplies air in
the summer design case)

S =MbCpma(TRb-TSb)

MB = S/ Cpma(TRb-TSb)

MB = 52/ (.24*(70-61))
MB = 23.71 lb/second

Total Mass Flow Rate = MA + MB = 45.27 lb/second

At 12:00 TOA = 70oF and TR = 70oF

Therefore, mixed temperature TM = (TR (3) + TOA (1))/4

TM = (70(3) + 70(1))/4 = 70oF

Heater is off in the summer scenario

S =MACpma(TR-TSa)

TSa = 70- (28.4/(21.56*.24))

TSa = 64.5 oF

TSb = 70- 4/(23.71*.24)

TSb = 69.3 oF

Energy Balance

Hot Deck + Cold Deck = Supply A + Supply B

MhTh + McTc = MATSa + MBTSb

MhTh + (Mt-Mh)Tc = MATSa + MBTSb

Mh70 + (45.27-Mh)61 = 21.56(64.5) + 23.71(69.3)

Mh70 + 2761 -Mh61 = 1390 + 1643

Mh = (272.1)/9
Mh = 30.23 lb/s

At 14:00 Solve for Homework

iii)
Assume heater is off.

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Temperature of air in hot duct = Temperature of Air at M

At 10:00
TOA = 66 and TR= 70

TM = (70(3) + 66(1))/4 = 69oF

Th = 69oF

At 16:00 Try to solve on your own

Plot out one case on a Psychometric chart