Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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A clenched fista Mamoset monkeya
grumbling expression all describe the
Pug Pugs famous face. Regardless of how
you translate his name, the Pug is one Pug
Juliette Cunliffe
of Chinas most famous companion
dogs, renowned today for his charm,
compact size and happy, lively dispo-
sition. Multum in parvo, the Pugs
age-old maxim, perfectly describes
this larger than life compact dog: a
lot in a small package. The Pug offers
new owners unwavering devotion,
TRAINING PUPPY CARE child-like fun and super-canine intelli-
gence, a welcome addition to any dog-
loving home.
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This book provides the much-
needed factual information about
Pugs and their history, characteristics
and standard, as well as puppy
selection, feeding, training, preven-
EVERYDAY CARE HEALTH CARE tative health care and behavior of the
breed. The new owner will welcome
the authors experience and advice
about puppy-proofing the home,
housebreaking and preventing puppy
problems. In addition to an authori-
tative, comprehensive text, this book
presents over 135 photographs in full
color, which prove to be as infor-
SHOWING HISTORY
mative as they are attractive.
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Head: The head is large, massive, roundnot
apple-headed, with no indentation of the
skull. The wrinkles are large and deep. Neck: The neck is slightly arched.
It is strong, thick and with
enough length to
Ears: The ears are thin, small, soft, carry the head
like black velvet. There are proudly.
two kindsthe rose and
the button. Preference is
given to the latter.
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History 5
Pug
By Juliette Cunliffe
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Contents
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Whether you
believe the Pug
is Chinese,
Dutch or
Greek, and
whether you
call the breed
Pug, Mops or
Carlin, you will
concur that
this is a most
fascinating and
worthy choice
as a pet dog.
HISTORY OF THE
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In the 1920s
the famed dog
caricaturist,
Scott Langley,
depicted these
dogs in a
sketch he
called Pug
Dogs.
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A modern British
Pug poses with a
toy wooden Pug
from the
Victorian era, a
time when the
Pug was
immensely
popular.
History 17
BLACK PUGS
In 1877 black was considered a
new color in the breed. Again
there has always been debate as
to the actual origin of Lady
Brasseys black Pugs, but she
certainly exhibited some black
ones at Britains Maidstone Show
in 1886. One of these was Jack
Spratt, who possibly may have
been acquired by Lady Brassey
on her short trip to China.
However, although black was
then claimed as a new color, we
know from the paintings of
William Hogarth that blacks years later, Queen Victoria Black Pugs today
existed before then. Hogarths owned a black Pug that was are considered
House of Cards, painted in 1730, marked with white. The latter, acceptable and
depicts a black Pug. A hundred though, may have been brought desirable. In times
gone by, the black
into England, perhaps as a gift to
coat color was
the Queen from China. frowned upon.
It has been said that black
Pugs had been bred for many
years earlier in England, but
because they had been bred from
apricot-fawns they were consid- A contemporary
ered mutations and thus Pug painting on an
destroyed at birth. It is also old theme by the
possible, however, that such talented artist
blacks were not true blacks Diedre Ashdown.
(ebonies), but instead were (Courtesy of the
artist.)
smuts, so were not considered
attractive.
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Eng. Ch. Dark Diamond in 1930 represents a typical British Eng. Chs. Peter and Paul won 14 Challenge Certificates in
champion black Pug. the 1930s.
Eng. Ch. Paul of Inver was a great winner until he was killed in an Jan, owned by Miss Voy, was the son of Eng. Ch.
accident when he was four years old. Scaramouche of Broadway, bred by Mrs. Powers.
History 19
Pugs are
immensely collect-
able. Many owners
adopt two or
more Pugs and
often decorate
their homes with
invaluable
memorabilia
celebrating their
favorite topic.
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JOSEPHINES FORTUNE years later, the Pug Dog Club of William Hogarths
A Pug by the name of Fortune America (PDCA), the current famous Self
belonged to Napoleon Bonapartes first parent club for the Pug, was Portrait with his
wife, Josephine. Fortune was reputed to dog, painted
established as the breeds about 1740, may
have had a somewhat possessive principal promoter and protector
nature, and when the dwarfish man be the most
in the US. The first members of celebrated of all
who was to become Emperor entered the PDCA were prominent Pug Pug renderings.
the bedchamber on his wedding night, people such as Dr. Nancy Riser,
the dwarfish dog promptly bit him! Filomena Doherty, Mrs. Joseph
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The Pugs
popularity
continues to grow
and there are
quality specimens
in most countries
around the world.
This handsome Pug
was photographed
in the Netherlands,
a country with
which the breed
has strong ties.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Small, squarely built and cobby,
the Pug has well-knit propor-
tions and a certain hardness of
muscle, making him a strong
little animal and quite different
from the majority of breeds
falling into the Toy Group. Ideal
weight is 1418 lbs, but certainly
some are rather heavier, and
there are probably few males
weighing under 18 lbs. Although
the breed standard does not
differentiate between the size of
dogs and bitches, generally Pug
dogs are somewhat larger than
their female counterparts.
You should always remember
that Pugs usually enjoy their
food and might be considered
rather greedy. Hence, it is
necessary to keep strict control
of your Pugs diet so that the dog
does not become overweight. TAKING CARE
Once a Pug has reached the stage Science is showing that as people take
when he carries too much care of their pets, the pets are taking
weight, it is extremely difficult care of their owners. A recent study
to get the weight off again! published in the American Journal of
The chest of the Pug is wide Cardiology found that having a pet can
and the body is set on strong prolong his owners life. Pet owners
legs. The large, round, wrinkled generally have lower blood pressure,
head with dark, globular eyes is and pets help their owners to relax and
offset at the rear by a high-set keep more physically fit. It was also
tail, curled tightly over the hip, found that pets help to keep the elderly
with a double curl being highly connected to their communities.
desirable.
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TAILS
The Pugs twisted tail is natural
and is not cropped to look this
way. In fact, the tail is not so
short as you might think at first
glanceit is just that it is very
well curled.
It has recently been realized
that a few Pugs suffer from a
vertebral problem, seemingly
because of the curled tail. This is
usually noticed before the age of
12 months and can unfortunately
cause a dog to be crippled.
PERSONALITY
This is a breed with great
charm, dignity and intelligence, affection to children. However, A male and female
though, like other intelligent although the Pug shows friendli- Pug (notice the
breeds, he can be rather self- ness toward strangers, it is to difference in size)
get along quite
willed. The Pug is an even- his owner and family that he is
well in the same
tempered breed with a happy, most devoted. household.
lively disposition. The friend- The Pug is a fearless breed
ship displayed is often effusive; that, despite his diminutive
indeed, most Pugs seem size, enjoys exercise outdoors
constantly delighted to meet and has something of a brave,
people and show special sporting instinct that can
occasionally cause him to run
into trouble with other dogs. Getting to know
That is not to say that Pugs are you the toy-dog
generally aggressive, though way, as this Pug
they might appear so sometimes makes the
because of jealousy. acquaintance of a
Inside the home, the Pug Yorkshire Terrier
friend.
likes nothing more than warmth
and comfort, with general
affection and petting bestowed
on him by his owners.
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It is therefore necessary to
keep a very careful eye on your DOGS, DOGS, GOOD FOR
Pug in hot weather and always to YOUR HEART!
be on the lookout for any sign of People usually purchase dogs for
fatigue during exercise. Danger companionship, but studies show that
signs are protruding, staring eyes dogs can help to improve their owners
and the heads being held high in health and level of activity, as well as
an effort to draw in more air. A lower a humans risk of coronary heart
dog can lose consciousness and disease. Without even realizing it, when
his breathing may stop, but a person puts time into exercising,
sometimes will resume within grooming and feeding a dog, he also
only a few seconds, though not puts more time into his own personal
always. health care. Dog owners establish more
It goes without saying that routine schedules for their dogs to
any dog can suffer distress and follow, which can have positive effects
can die if left in a car on a warm on a their own health. Dogs also teach
day, even with ventilation. Pugs us patience, offer unconditional love
are even more likely to be and provide the joy of having a furry
affected than the majority of friend to pet!
other breeds, so beware! Never
leave your Pug in your car, and
this tragedy will be avoided.
Should your dog be unfortu-
nate enough to suffer from heat
exhaustion, cold water or ice
should be put on the head, face
and body immediately; the dog
should also be kept as cool and
quiet as possible. Any Pug that
seems particularly prone to the
consequences of an elongated
soft palate should certainly not
be bred from.
Here it is worth mentioning
that, whether or not your Pug
has breathing problems, as with
any other breed, food should
never be given immediately
before or following strenuous
exercise. Opinions vary, but
when exercising my own dogs I
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BREED STANDARD FOR THE
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Ribbons are
awarded at dog
shows to the
dogs that most
closely
conform to
their breed
standard. This
young man
has had a
successful day
showing his
handsome Pug.
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Correct body.
Incorrect body;
too lean.
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Locating a breeder
of quality Pugs
and selecting a
healthy, friendly,
typical Pug puppy
are the primary
goals of the new
Pug owner.
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COMMITMENT OF
OWNERSHIP
After considering all of these
factors, you have most likely
already made some very
important decisions about
selecting your puppy. You have
chosen a Pug, which means that
you have decided which
characteristics you want in a
dog and which type of dog will
best fit into your family and
TEMPERAMENT COUNTS lifestyle. If you have selected a
Your selection of a good puppy can be breeder, you have gone a step
determined by your needs. A show furtheryou have done your
potential or a good pet? It is your research and found a respon-
choice. Every puppy, however, should sible, conscientious person who
be of good temperament. Although breeds quality Pugs and who
show-quality puppies are bred and should become a reliable source
raised with emphasis on physical of help as you and your puppy
conformation, responsible breeders adjust to life together. If you
strive for equally good temperament. have observed a litter in action,
Do not buy from a breeder who you have obtained a firsthand
concentrates solely on physical beauty look at the dynamics of a
at the expense of personality. puppy pack and, thus, you
have learned about each pups
individual personality
eighth week. Breeders spend perhaps you have even found
significant amounts of time one that particularly appeals to
with the Pug toddlers so that you.
they are able to interact with However, even if you have
the other species, i.e., not yet found the Pug puppy of
humans. Given the long history your dreams, observing pups
that dogs and humans have, will help you learn to recognize
bonding between the two certain behavior and to deter-
species is natural but must be mine what a pups behavior
Puppy 43
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PET INSURANCE
PHOTO COURTESY OF DOSKOCIL.
the comfort and retreat of a leaves, twigs, etc., that the pup
denyou just happen to be would use in the wild to make
providing him with something a den; the pup can make his
a little more luxurious than own burrow in the crate.
what his early ancestors Although your pup is far
enjoyed. removed from his den-making
As far as purchasing a crate, ancestors, the denning instinct
the type that you buy is up to is still a part of his genetic
you. It will most likely be one makeup. Second, until you
of the two most popular types: bring your pup home, he has
wire or fiberglass. There are been sleeping amid the warmth
advantages and disadvantages of his mother and littermates,
to each type. For example, a and while a blanket is not the
wire crate is more open, same as a warm, breathing
allowing the air to flow through body, it still provides heat and
and affording the dog a view of something with which to
what is going on around him snuggle. You will want to wash
while a fiberglass crate is your pups bedding frequently
sturdier. Both can double as in case he has an accident in
travel crates, providing protec- his crate, and replace or remove
tion for the dog. The size of the any blanket that becomes
crate is another thing to ragged and starts to fall apart.
consider. Puppies do not stay
puppies foreverin fact,
sometimes it seems as if they DO YOU WANT TO LIVE
grow right before your eyes. It LONGER?
is better to get one that will If you like to volunteer, it is wonderful
accommodate your dog both as if you can take your dog to a nursing
a pup and at full size, even home once a week for several hours.
though the Pug doesnt grow The elder community loves to have a
too dramatically compared to dog with which to visit, and often your
the larger breeds. A 16 x 18 x dog will bring a bit of companionship
20 crate will be necessary for a to someone who is lonely or somewhat
full-grown Pug. detached from the world. You will be
not only bringing happiness to
BEDDING someone else but also keeping your
A special dog mat> in the dogs dog busyand we havent even
crate will help the dog feel mentioned the fact that it has been
more at home and you may also discovered that volunteering helps to
like to put in a small blanket. increase your own longevity!
This will take the place of the
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CLEANING SUPPLIES
Until a pup is house-trained,
you will be doing a lot of
cleaning. Accidents will
occur, which is acceptable in
the beginning because the
puppy does not know any
If you are seeking
around the pups neck. You a Pug puppy for
should be able to fit a finger showing, discuss
between the pup and the collar. this with your
It may take some time for your breeder. Future
pup to get used to wearing the show stars need to
collar, but soon he will not be trained for the
even notice that it is there. ring at an early
Choke collars are made for age.
training difficult dogs, but
should not be used on the Pug.
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Your local pet better. All you can do is be
shop sells an
prepared to clean up any
array of dishes
and bowls for accidents. Old rags, towels,
water and newspapers and a safe disinfec-
food. Consider tant are good to have on hand.
elevating your
Pugs bowl as a BEYOND THE BASICS
preventative The items previously discussed
measure are the bare necessities. You
against bloat. will find out what else you
need as you go along
grooming supplies, flea/tick
protection, baby gates to
partition a room, etc. These
things will vary depending on
your situation, but it is
important that you have
everything you need to feed
and make your Pug comfortable
in his first few days at home.
PUPPY-PROOFING YOUR
HOME
Aside from making sure that
your Pug will be comfortable in
your home, you also have to
make sure that your home is
safe for your Pug. This means
taking precautions that your
pup will not get into anything
he should not get into and that
there is nothing within his
reach that may harm him
should he sniff it, chew it,
inspect it, etc. This probably
seems obvious since, while you
are primarily concerned with
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dog grows up. He needs lots of ally handle a pup too roughly,
human contact, affection, or an overzealous pup can
handling and exposure to other playfully nip a little too hard.
animals. You want to make socialization
Once your pup has received experiences positive ones.
his necessary vaccinations, feel What a pup learns during this
free to take him out and about very formative stage will affect
(on his lead, of course). Walk his attitude toward future
him around the neighborhood, encounters. You want your dog
take him on your daily errands, to be comfortable around
let people pet him, let him
meet other dogs and pets, etc.
Puppies do not have to try to SOCIALIZATION
make friends; there will be no Thorough socialization includes not
shortage of people who will only meeting new people but also
want to introduce themselves. being introduced to new experiences
Just make sure that you such as riding in the car, having his coat
carefully supervise each brushed, hearing the television, walking
meeting. If the neighborhood in a crowdthe list is endless. The
children want to say hello, for more your pup experiences, and the
example, that is greatchildren more positive the experiences are, the
and pups most often make great less of a shock and the less frightening
companions. Sometimes an it will be for your pup to encounter
excited child can unintention- new things.
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stopping an undesirable
behavior as soon as it starts.
The old saying You cant teach
an old dog new tricks does not
necessarily hold true, but it is
true that it is much easier to
discourage bad behavior in a
young developing pup than to
wait until the pups bad
behavior becomes the adult
dogs bad habit. There are some
problems that are especially
prevalent in puppies as they
develop.
NIPPING
As puppies start to teethe, they
feel the need to sink their teeth
into anything available
unfortunately that includes
PROPER SOCIALIZATION your fingers, arms, hair and
The socialization period for puppies toes. You may find this
is from age 8 to 16 weeks. This is the behavior cute for the first five
time when puppies need to leave seconds until you feel just
their birth family and take up how sharp those puppy teeth
residence with their new owners, are. This is something you
where they will meet many new want to discourage immedi-
people, other pets, etc. Failure to be ately and consistently with a
adequately socialized can cause the firm No! (or whatever
dog to grow up fearing others and number of firm Nos it takes
being shy and unfriendly due to a lack for him to understand that you
of self-confidence. mean business). Then replace
your finger with an appropriate
chew toy. While this behavior
Early training shapes the dogs is merely annoying when the
personality, so you cannot be dog is young, it can become
unclear in what you expect. dangerous as your Pugs adult
teeth grow in and his jaws
COMMON PUPPY PROBLEMS develop, and he continues to
The best way to prevent puppy think it is okay to gnaw on
problems is to be proactive in human appendages. Your Pug
Puppy 63
CHEWING TIPS
Chewing goes hand in hand with
nipping in the sense that a teething
puppy is always looking for a way
to soothe his aching gums. In this
case, instead of chewing on you, he
may have taken a liking to your
favorite shoe or something else
which he should not be chewing.
Again, realize that this is a normal
canine behavior that does not need
to be discouraged, only redirected.
Your pup just needs to be taught
what is acceptable to chew on and
what is off-limits. Consistently tell
him NO when you catch him
chewing on something forbidden
and give him a chew toy.
Conversely, praise him when you
catch him chewing on something
appropriate. In this way you are
discouraging the inappropriate
behavior and reinforcing the desired
behavior. The puppys chewing
should stop after his adult teeth
have come in, but an adult dog
continues to chew for various
reasonsperhaps because he is
bored, needs to relieve tension or
just likes to chew. That is why it is
important to redirect his chewing
when he is still young.
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when you are out of the house not be so traumatic for him
and he is in his crate or when when you are not around. You
you are in another part of the may want to leave the radio on
house and he cannot see you. softly when you leave the
The noise he is making is an house; the sound of human
expression of the anxiety he voices may be comforting to
feels at being alone, so he needs him.
to be taught that being alone is
okay. You are not actually
training the dog to stop making PUPPY PROBLEMS
noise, you are training him to The majority of problems that are
feel comfortable when he is commonly seen in young pups will
alone and thus removing the disappear as your dog gets older.
need for him to make the noise. However, how you deal with
This is where the crate with problems when he is young will
cozy bedding and a toy comes determine how he reacts to discipline
in handy. You want to know as an adult dog. It is important to
that he is safe when you are not establish who is boss (hopefully it
there to supervise, and you will be you!) right away when you are
know that he will be safe in his first bonding with your dog. This
crate rather than roaming freely bond will set the tone for the rest of
about the house. In order for the your life together.
pup to stay in his crate without
making a fuss, he needs to be
comfortable in his crate. On that
note, it is extremely important
that the crate is never used as a
form of punishment, or the pup
will have a negative association
with the crate.
Accustom the pup to the
crate in short, gradually
increasing time intervals in
which you put him in the crate,
maybe with a treat, and stay in
the room with him. If he cries
or makes a fuss, do not go to
him, but stay in his sight.
Gradually he will realize that
staying in his crate is all right
without your help, and it will
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EVERYDAY CARE OF YOUR
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ADULT DIETS
Some breeders and exhibitors keep
their Pugs on puppy food all their
lives. Other people move onto a
junior food at about 12 months.
However, few Pug dog owners feed
ready-prepared adult food because
the pieces of most brands are too
large. Some companies offer a
small-bite variety.
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WATER
Just as your dog needs proper
nutrition from his food, water is an
essential nutrient as well. Water
keeps the dogs body properly
hydrated and promotes normal
function of the bodys systems.
During housebreaking, it is
necessary to keep an eye on how
much water your Pug is drinking,
but once he is reliably trained he
A
Worthy
Investment
Veterinary studies have proven that
a balanced high-quality diet pays
off in your dogs coat quality,
behavior and activity level.
Invest in premium brands for the
maximum payoff with your dog.
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EXERCISE
The Pug should be a sturdy and
muscular little dog, and he needs
more exercise than you might
expect. Having said that, the Pug
seems ready to accept as much or
as little exercise as his owner will
give him. Muscles need to be kept
in good, firm condition, so adequate
exercise is a must. However, Pugs
DRINK, DRANK, DRUNK should always have access to water
MAKE IT A DOUBLE and it is wise to carry a small
In both humans and dogs, as well as container of water on any walk.
most other living organisms, water Because the Pug is small, it is
forms the major part of nearly every not necessary to take your Pug on
body tissue. Naturally, we take water long walks, nor is vigorous
for granted, but without it, life as we exercise essential. Important,
know it would cease. though, is walking your Pug on a
For dogs, water is needed to keep lead at a steady pace a couple of
their bodies functioning biochemically. times each day. Walking not only
Additionally, water is needed to replace on soft, grassy surfaces but also on
the water lost while panting. Unlike firm ones will help to maintain
humans, who are able to sweat to muscle tone, tighten the feet and
dissipate heat, dogs must pant to cool keep nail cutting to a minimum.
down, thereby losing the vital water Pugs like the sun but should
from their bodies needed to regulate never be exercised in hot weather.
their body temperatures. Humans lose Black Pugs are particularly
electrolyte-containing products and affected by the heat. In the
other body-fluid components through summer, it is wisest to walk your
sweating; dogs do not lose anything Pug in the early morning or
except water. evening, when it is cooler. Should
Water is essential always, but your Pug get wet while walking,
especially so when the weather is hot he should be dried down
or humid or when your dog is exercising thoroughly upon his return
or playing vigorously. home as long-term exposure to
Everyday Care 73
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GROOMING EQUIPMENT
How much grooming equipment you
purchase will depend on how much
grooming you are going to do.
Natural-bristle brush
Slicker brush
Metal comb
Hound-glove
Scissors
Blow dryer
Rubber mat
Dog shampoo
Spray hose attachment
PHOTO COURTESY OF MIKKI PET PRODUCTS.
Ear cleaner
Cotton balls
Towels
Nail clippers or file
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A grooming rake
is an effective
way to remove
dead hair and
undercoat from
the apricot-fawn
or silver Pugs
double coat.
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Be especially
cautious when Nail Maintenance
clipping the black
nails of the Pug. Nail Casing
The dark pigment
Quick
of the nails makes
it difficult to see
the quick in the
center of each
nail.
Cut Line
TEETH
With black or dark nails, where the quick is
Teeth should always be kept as
not easy to see, its best to clip only the tip of
free from tartar as possible, but
the nail or to use a file.
many Pugs do not take kindly to
Light-Colored Nails having their teeth cleaned either
with a tooth-scraper or with
canine toothpaste, as is more
usual for most other breeds.
Allowing your Pug to chew on a
nylon bone or small, hard biscuits
will certainly help in this regard,
but Pugs do tend to lose their
teeth at an early age.
In light-colored nails, clipping is much simpler It is possible to get ones vet to
because you can see the vein (or quick) that check teeth under anesthesia, but
grows inside the casing. some experienced owners do not
Everyday Care 79
BATHING
Dogs do not need to be bathed as
often as humans, but regular
bathing is essential for healthy
skin and a healthy, shiny coat.
Again, like most anything, if you
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before wetting his coat. Make not want shampoo to drip into the
certain that your dog has a good dogs eyes while you are washing
non-slip surface to stand on. the rest of his body. Work the
Begin by wetting the dogs coat. A shampoo all the way down to the
shower or hose attachment is skin. You can use this opportunity
necessary for thoroughly wetting to check the skin for any bumps,
and rinsing the coat. Check the bites or other abnormalities. Do
water temperature to make sure not neglect any area of the body
that it is neither too hot nor too get all of the hard-to-reach places.
cold. Once the dog has been
Begin training Pug
Next, apply shampoo to the thoroughly shampooed, he
puppies to accept
brushing so that dogs coat and work it into a good requires an equally thorough
they are lather. You should purchase a rinsing. Shampoo left in the coat
amenable to shampoo that is made for dogs. Do can be irritating to the skin.
grooming as not use a product made for human Protect his eyes from the shampoo
adults. hair. Wash the head last; you do by shielding them with your hand
and directing the flow of water in
the opposite direction. You
should also avoid getting water in
the ear canal. Be prepared for
your dog to shake out his coat
you might want to stand back, but
make sure you have a hold on the
dog to keep him from running
through the house.
SOAP IT UP
The use of human soap products like
shampoo, bubble bath and hand soap
can be damaging to a dogs coat and
skin. Human products are too strong;
they remove the protective oils
coating the dogs hair and skin that
make him water-resistant. Use only
shampoo made especially for dogs,
which you can find at your local pet
shop. You may like to use a medicated
shampoo, which will help to keep
external parasites at bay.
Everyday Care 81
An ex-pen is an ideal
addition to your
traveling equipment.
These portable wire
enclosures give your
Pug off-lead time to
stretch his legs, eat and
play while in a strange
area.
TRAVELING WITH YOUR DOG much like a seat belt. Do not let
the dog roam loose in the
CAR TRAVEL vehiclethis is very dangerous! If
You should accustom your Pug to you should stop short, your dog
riding in a car at an early age. You can be thrown and injured. If the
may or may not take him in the dog starts climbing on you and
car often, but at the very least he pestering you while you are
will need to go to the vet and you driving, you will not be able to
do not want these trips to be concentrate on the road. It is an
traumatic for the dog or trouble- unsafe situation for everyone
some for you. The safest way for a human and canine.
dog to ride in the car is in his
crate. If he uses a crate in the
house, you can use the same crate ON THE ROAD
for travel. If you are going on a long road trip
Put the pup in the crate and with your dog, be sure the hotels
see how he reacts. If he seems are dog-friendly. Many hotels do
uneasy, you can have a passenger not accept dogs. Also take along
hold him on his lap while you some ice that can be thawed and
drive. Another option is a offered to your dog if he becomes
specially made safety harness for overheated. Your Pug will need to cool
dogs, which straps the dog in down, and most dogs like to lick ice.
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AIR TRAVEL
Air travel requires more prepara-
tion than traveling by car or rail.
The dog will be required to travel
in a properly sized fiberglass crate
and you should always check in
advance with the airline regarding
specific requirements. To help the
dog be at ease, put one of his
favorite toys in the crate with
him. Do not feed the dog for
several hours before checking in,
ON-LEAD ONLY to minimize his need to relieve
When traveling, never let your dog off- himself. However, certain regula-
lead in a strange area. Your dog could tions specify that water must
run away out of fear, decide to chase a always be made available to the
passing squirrel or cat or simply want dog in the crate.
to stretch his legs without restriction Make sure your dog is
if any of these happen, you might properly identified and that your
never see your canine friend again. contact information appears on
his ID tags and on his crate.
Everyday Care 83
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IDENTIFICATION
Your Pug is your valued
companion and friend. That is
why you always keep a
close eye on him
and you have
made sure that he
cannot escape
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT
BOARDING
Will your dog be exercised at least
twice a day? How often during the day from the yard or wriggle out of his
will the staff keep him company? Does collar and run away from you.
the kennel provide a clean and secure However, accidents can happen
environment? and there may come a time when
Likewise, if the staff asks you a lot your dog unexpectedly gets
of questions, this is a good sign. They separated from you. If this
need to know your dogs personality unfortunate event should occur,
and temperament, health record, the first thing on your mind will
special requirements and what be finding him. Proper identifica-
commands he has learned. Above all, tion, including an ID tag, a tattoo
follow your instincts. If you have a bad and possibly a microchip, will
feeling about a kennel, even if a friend increase the chances of his being
has recommended it, dont put your returned to you safely and
dog in its care. quickly.
Everyday Care 85
IDENTIFICATION OPTIONS
As puppies become more and more
expensive, especially those puppies of
high quality for showing and/or
breeding, they have a greater chance of
being stolen. The usual collar dog tag
is, of course, easily removed. But there
are two more permanent techniques
that have become widely used for
identification.
The puppy microchip implantation
involves the injection of a small
microchip, about the size of a corn
kernel, under the skin of the dog. If
your dog shows up at a clinic or
shelter, or is offered for resale under
less-than-savory circumstances, it can
be positively identified by the
microchip. The microchip is scanned,
and a registry quickly identifies you as
the owner.
Tattooing is done on various parts
of the dog, from his belly to his ears.
The number tattooed can be your
telephone number, the dogs AKC
registration number or any other
ID tags must be
number that you can easily memorize. securely fastened
When potential dog thieves see a to your dogs
tattooed dog, they usually lose everyday collar.
interest. Both microchipping and
tattooing can be done at your local
veterinary clinic.
Discuss microchipping and
tattooing with your vet and breeder.
As well as vets, some breeders perform
these services on their own premises
for a reasonable fee. Be certain that
the dog is then properly registered
with a national database.
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TRAINING YOUR
PUG
Living with an untrained dog is
a lot like owning a piano that REAP THE REWARDS
you do not know how to play If you start with a normal, healthy dog
it is a nice object to look at, but and give him time, patience and some
it does not do much more than carefully executed lessons, you will
that to bring you pleasure. Now reap the rewards of that training for
try taking piano lessons, and the life of the dog. And what a life it
Breeders suddenly the piano comes alive will be! The two of you will find
commonly and brings forth magical sounds immeasurable pleasure in the compan-
begin house- and rhythms that set your heart ionship you have built together with
training singing and your body swaying. love, respect and understanding.
before the The same is true with your
pups are Pug. Any dog is a big responsi-
released to bility and if not trained class. Teach him good manners
their new sensibly may develop unaccept- as you learn how and why he
homes.
able behavior that annoys you behaves the way he does. Find
Newspaper is
still used by or could even cause family out how to communicate with
some breeders friction. your dog and how to recognize
to initiate the To train your Pug, you may and understand his communica-
process. like to enroll in an obedience tions with you. Suddenly the
dog takes on a new role in your
lifehe is clever, interesting,
well behaved and fun to be
with. He demonstrates his bond
of devotion to you daily. In
other words, your Pug does
wonders for your ego because
he constantly reminds you that
you are not only his leader, you
are his hero!
Those involved with
teaching dog obedience and
counseling owners about their
dogs behavior have discovered
some interesting facts about dog
ownership. For example,
Training 87
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N OTE : T HESE ARE APPROXIMATE TIME FRAMES . A LLOW FOR INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PUPPIES .
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S CHEDULE
PRACTICE MAKES YOUR A puppy should be taken to his
PUG PERFECT! relief area each time he is
Have training lessons with your dog released from his designated
every day in several short area, after meals, after a play
segmentsthree to five times a session and when he first
day for a few minutes at a time is awakens in the morning (at age
ideal. eight weeks, this can mean 5
Do not have long practice sessions. a.m.!). The puppy will indicate
The dog will become easily bored. that hes ready to go by
Never practice when you are tired, circling or sniffing busilydo
ill, worried or in an otherwise not misinterpret these signs.
negative mood. This will transmit For a puppy less than ten weeks
to the dog and may have an of age, a routine of taking him
adverse effect on its performance. out every hour is necessary. As
Think fun, short and above all the puppy grows, he will be
positive! End each session on a high able to wait for longer periods
note, rather than a failed exercise, of time.
and make sure to give a lot of praise. Keep trips to his relief area
Enjoy the training and help your dog short. Stay no more than five or
enjoy it, too. six minutes and then return to
the house. If he goes during that
time, praise him lavishly and
take him indoors immediately.
If he does not, but he has an
accident when you go back
indoors, pick him up immedi-
ately, say No! No! and return
to his relief area. Wait a few
minutes, then return to the
house again. Never hit a puppy
or rub his face in urine or
excrement when he has had an
accident!
Once indoors, put the
puppy in his crate until you
have had time to clean up his
accident. Then release him to
the family area and watch him
more closely than before.
Chances are, his accident was a
Training 95
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3 The next day, place the puppy in the crate as before. Let him stay there for ten
minutes. Do this several times.
4 Continue building time in five-minute increments until the puppy stays in his crate for
30 minutes with you in the room. Always take him to his relief area after prolonged
periods in his crate.
5 Now go back to Step 1 and let the puppy stay in his crate for five minutes, this time
while you are out of the room.
6 Once again, build crate time in five-minute increments with you out of the room.
When the puppy will stay willingly in his crate (he may even fall asleep!) for 30 minutes
with you out of the room, he will be ready to stay in it for several hours at a time.
Training 97
ROLES OF DISCIPLINE,
REWARD AND PUNISHMENT
Discipline, training one to act
in accordance with rules, brings
order to life. It is as simple as
that. Without discipline, partic-
ularly in a group society, chaos
reigns supreme and the group
will eventually perish. Humans
and canines are social animals
and need some form of
discipline in order to function HOW MANY TIMES A DAY?
effectively. They must procure AGE RELIEF TRIPS
food, protect their home base To 14 weeks 10
and their young and reproduce 1422 weeks 8
to keep the species going. 2232 weeks 6
If there were no discipline Adulthood 4
(dog stops growing)
Crate training is
the best lesson
These are estimates, of course, but you will ever
they are a guide to the minimum teach your Pug. In
opportunities a dog should have each addition to
day to relieve itself. housebreaking,
crate training
proves helpful
in the lives of social animals, with chewing
problems and
they would eventually die from
many other
starvation and/or predation by behavior issues
other stronger animals. that may arise.
In the case of domestic
canines, dogs need discipline in
their lives in order to
understand how their pack (you
and other family members)
functions and how they must
act in order to survive.
A large humane society in a
highly populated area recently
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T EACHING S IT
Now that you have the dogs
attention, attach his lead and
hold it in your left hand and a
food treat in your right. Place
your food hand at the dogs
nose and let him lick the treat
Training 101
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T EACHING S TAY
It is easy to teach the dog to
stay in either a sit or a down
position. Again, we use food
and praise during the teaching
process as we help the dog to
understand exactly what it is
that we are expecting him to do.
To teach the sit/stay, start
with the dog sitting on your left
side as before and hold the lead
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T EACHING H EEL
Heeling means that the dog
walks beside the owner without
pulling. It takes time and
patience on the owners part to
succeed at teaching the dog that
he (the owner) will not proceed
unless the dog is walking
calmly beside him. Pulling out
ahead on the lead is definitely
not acceptable.
Begin by holding the lead in
your left hand as the dog sits
beside your left leg. Move the
Training 107
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and moving at your pace, not his. going to receive only praise. This
It may take some time just is called a variable ratio reward
standing there to convince the system and it proves successful
dog that you are the leader and because there is always the
you will be the one to decide on chance that the owner will
the direction and speed of your produce a treat, so the dog never
travel. stops trying for that reward. No
Each time the dog looks up at matter what, always give verbal
you or slows down to give a slack praise.
lead between the two of you,
quietly praise him and say, Good OBEDIENCE CLASSES
heel. Good dog. Eventually, the It is a good idea to enroll in an
dog will begin to respond and obedience class if one is available
within a few days he will be in your area. If yours is a show
walking politely beside you dog, showing classes would be
without pulling on the lead. At more appropriate. Many areas
first, the training sessions should have dog clubs that offer basic
be kept short and very positive; obedience training as well as
soon the dog will be able to walk preparatory classes for obedience
nicely with you for increasingly competition. There are also local
longer distances. Remember also dog trainers who offer similar
to give the dog free time and the classes.
opportunity to run and play when At obedience trials, dogs can
you have finished heel practice. earn titles at various levels of
competition. The beginning levels
WEANING OFF FOOD IN of competition include basic
TRAINING behaviors such as sit, down, heel,
Food is used in training new etc. The more advanced levels of
behaviors. Once the dog competition include jumping,
understands what behavior goes retrieving, scent discrimination
with a specific command, it is and signal work. The advanced
time to start weaning him off the levels require a dog and owner to
food treats. At first, give a treat put a lot of time and effort into
after each exercise. Then, start to their training and the titles that
give a treat only after every other can be earned at these levels of
exercise. Mix up the times when competition are very prestigious.
you offer a food reward and the
times when you only offer praise OTHER ACTIVITIES FOR LIFE
so that the dog will never know Whether a dog is trained in the
when he is going to receive both structured environment of a class
food and praise and when he is or alone with his owner at home,
Training 109
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Eye Forehead
Ear Neck
Croup
Nose Withers Back Tail
Loin
Muzzle Hip
Mouth
Lower
Shoulder
Hock
Foreleg
Upper
Wrist Thigh
Back
Front Belly Flank Pastern
Pastern Brisket Stifle
Forefoot Hindfoot
HEALTH CARE OF YOUR
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Internal Organs of the Pug
1. Esophagus
2. Lungs
3. Gall Bladder
4. Liver
5. Kidney
6. Stomach
7. Intestines
8. Urinary Bladder
Health 113
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Skull
Cervical
Vertebrae
Thoracic
Vertebrae Lumbar Sacrum
Vertebrae Coccygeal
Vertebrae
Mandible
Scapula
Pelvis
Humerus
Sternum Fibula
Patella
Ulna Tibia
Radius Tuber Calcis
Carpus Tarsis
Metatarsis
Metacarpus
Phalanges
Health 115
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you should seek professional meaning that they carry, but are
assistance as quickly as possible. not affected by, the disease. These
As with all diseases, the earlier a diseases pose serious problems to
problem is identified and treated, breeders because in some instances
the better the chances are that the there is no method of identifying
cure will be successful. carriers. Often the secondary
diseases associated with these skin
HEREDITARY SKIN DISORDERS conditions are even more debili-
Veterinary dermatologists are tating than the disorder itself,
currently researching a number of including cancers and respiratory
skin disorders that are believed to problems, some of which can be
have a hereditary basis. These lethal.
inherited diseases are transmitted Among the hereditary skin
by both parents, who appear disorders, for which the mode of
(phenotypically) normal but have a inheritance is known, are acroder-
recessive gene for the disease, matitis, cutaneous asthenia
Parvovirus Highly contagious virus, Ingestion of the virus, which is usually spread Most common: severe diarrhea.
potentially deadly. through the feces of infected dogs. Also vomiting, fatigue, lack of appetite.
Canine cough Contagious respiratory infection. Combination of types of bacteria and virus. Chronic cough.
Most common: Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria
and parainfluenza virus.
Distemper Disease primarily affecting Virus that is related to the human measles virus. Mild symptoms such as fever, lack of appetite and mucus
respiratory and nervous system. secretion progress to evidence of brain damage, hard pad.
Hepatitis Virus primarily affecting Canine adenovirus type I (CAV-1). Enters system Lesser symptoms include listlessness, diarrhea, vomiting. More
the liver. when dog breathes in particles. severe symptoms include blue-eye (clumps of virus in eye).
Coronavirus Virus resulting in Virus is spread through infected dogs feces. Stomach upset evidenced by lack of appetite,
digestive problems. vomiting, diarrhea.
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B / Varies Organs, cottage cheese, Appetite, fleas, heart, skin and coat
sardines
C / 2000 mg+ Fruit, legumes, leafy green Healing, arthritis, kidneys
vegetables
D / Varies Cod liver, cheese, organs, Bones, teeth, endocrine system
eggs
E / 250 IU daily Leafy green vegetables, Skin, muscles, nerves, healing, digestion
meat, wheat germ oil
F / Varies Fish oils, raw meat Heart, skin, coat, fleas
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fleas. There are currently no skin and drink the blood. Their
treatments available to attack the only food and drink is dogs
pupa stage of the life cycle, so the blood. Dogs can get Lyme
adult insecticide is used to kill disease, Rocky Mountain spotted
the newly hatched adult fleas fever, tick bite paralysis and
before they find a host. Most IGRs many other diseases from ticks.
are active for many months, while They may live where fleas are
adult insecticides are only active found and they like to hide in
for a few days. cracks or seams in walls. They
When treating with a house- are controlled the same way fleas
hold spray, it is a good idea to are controlled.
vacuum before applying the The American dog tick,
product. This stimulates as many Dermacentor variabilis, may well
pupae as possible to hatch into be the most common dog tick in
adult fleas. The vacuum cleaner many geographical areas,
should also be treated with an especially those areas where the
insecticide to prevent the eggs climate is hot and humid. Most
and larvae that have been dog ticks have life expectancies
collected in the vacuum bag from of a week to six months,
hatching. depending upon climatic
The second stage of treatment conditions. They can neither
is to apply an adult insecticide to jump nor fly, but they can crawl
the dog. Traditionally, this would slowly and can range up to 16
be in the form of a collar or a feet to reach a sleeping or
spray, but more recent unsuspecting dog.
innovations include digestible
insecticides that poison the fleas MITES
when they ingest the dogs blood. Just as fleas and ticks can be
Alternatively, there are drops problematic for your dog, mites
that, when placed on the back of can also lead to an itchy
the dogs neck, spread throughout nuisance. Microscopic in size,
the hair and skin to kill adult mites are related to ticks and
fleas. generally take up permanent
residence on their host animal
TICKS in this case, your dog! The term
Though not as common as fleas, mange refers to any infestation
ticks are found all over the caused by one of the mighty
tropical and temperate world. mites, of which there are six
They dont bite, like fleas; they varieties that concern dog
harpoon. They dig their sharp owners.
proboscis (nose) into the dogs Demodex mites cause a
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First Aid at a Glance
Burns Car accident
Place the affected area under cool water; Move dog from roadway with blanket;
use ice if only a small area is burnt. seek veterinary aid.
!! !!
Remember: an injured dog may attempt
to bite a helping hand from fear and confusion.
Always muzzle the dog before trying to offer assistance.
Recognizing a Sick Dog
Unlike colicky babies and cranky children, our canine kids cannot tell us
when they are feeling ill. Therefore, there are a number of signs that owners
can identify to know that their dogs are not feeling well.
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Owners and
from foreign objects, including
breeders always
sticks and BB-gun pellets.
strive for Pugs
with clear, Infectious diseases caused by
healthy eyes. bacteria, viruses or fungi may be
localized to the eye or part of a
systemic infection. Many of the
common conditions, including
eyelid conformational problems,
cataracts, glaucoma and retinal
degenerations, have a genetic basis.
Before acquiring your puppy,
A PET OWNERS GUIDE TO it is important to ascertain that
COMMON OPHTHALMIC both parents have been examined
DISEASES and certified free of eye disease by
by Prof. Dr. Robert L. Peiffer, Jr. a veterinary ophthalmologist.
Since many of these genetic
Few would argue that vision is diseases can be detected early in
the most important of the life, acquire the pup with the
cognitive senses, and maintenance condition that it pass a thorough
of a normal visual system is ophthalmic examination by a
important for an optimal quality qualified specialist.
of life. Likewise, pet owners tend
Lower entropion, to be acutely aware of their pets
or rolling in of the
eyes and vision, which is
eyelid, is causing
irritation in the
important because early detection
left eye of this of ocular disease will optimize
young dog. therapeutic outcomes. The eye is
Several extra eye a sensitive organ with minimal
lashes, or distichi- reparative capabilities, and with
asis, are present some diseases, such as glaucoma,
on the upper lid. uveitis and retinal detachment,
diagnosis and treatment can be
critical in terms of whether vision LID CONFORMATIONAL
can be preserved. ABNORMALITIES
The causes of ocular disease Rolling in (entropion) or out
are quite varied; the nature of dogs (ectropion) of the lids tends to be a
makes them susceptible to breed-related problem. Entropion can
traumatic conditions, the most involve the upper and/or lower lids.
common of which include Signs usually appear between 3 and
proptosis of the globe, cat scratch 12 months of age. The irritation
injuries and penetrating wounds caused by the eyelid hairs rubbing
Health 135
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into skin-like tissue that is cataracts, most commonly uveitis Corneal edema
evident clinically by pigmenta- is associated with some type of can develop as a
tion, scarring and vascularization; systemic infectious or neoplastic slowly progressive
process in elderly
some cases may respond to tear process. Uncontrolled, uveitis can
Boston Terriers,
stimulants, lubricants and topical lead to blinding cataracts,
Miniature
corticosteroids, while others glaucoma and/or retinal detach- Dachshunds and
benefit from surgical narrowing of ments, and aggressive symptomatic Miniature Poodles,
the eyelid opening in order to therapy with dilating agents (to as well as others,
enhance corneal protection. prevent pupillary adhesions) and as a result of the
anti-inflammatories are critical. inability of the
UVEITIS corneal endothe-
Inflammation of the vascular tissue GLAUCOMA lial pump to
maintain a state
of the eyethe uveais a common The eye is essentially a hollow
of dehydration.
and potentially serious disease in fluid-filled sphere, and the
dogs. While it may occur pressure within is maintained by
secondarily to trauma or other regulation of the rate of fluid
intraocular diseases, such as production and fluid egress at
1020 mms of mercury. The retinal
cells are extremely sensitive to
elevations of intraocular pressure
and, unless controlled, permanent
blindness can occur within hours
to days. In acute glaucoma, the Medial pigmen-
conjunctiva becomes congested, tary keratitis in
the cornea cloudy, the pupil this dog is associ-
moderate and fixed; the eye is ated with irrita-
generally painful and avisual. tion from
prominent facial
Increased constant signs of
folds.
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Left: The posterior pole of a normal fundus is shown; prominent are the head of the optic nerve and the
retinal blood vessels. The retina is transparent, and the prominent green tapetum is seen superiorly.
Center: An eye with inherited retinal dysplasia is depicted. The tapetal retina superior to the optic disc is
disorganized, with multifocal areas of hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Right: Severe collie eye anomaly and a retinal detachment; this eye is unfortunately blind.
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If you have a
well-bred and
properly trained
Pug, you may
wish to pursue
the exciting sport
of showing dogs.
SHOWING YOUR
PUG
When you purchase your Pug, you must understand is that the dogs
will make it clear to the breeder are not actually compared against
whether you want one just as a one another. The judge compares
loveable companion and pet, or if each dog against his breed
you hope to be buying a Pug with standard, the written description of
show prospects. No reputable the ideal specimen that is
breeder will sell you a young approved by the American Kennel
puppy and tell you that it is Club (AKC). While some early
definitely of show quality, for so breed standards indeed were based
much can go wrong during the on specific dogs that were famous
early months of a puppys develop- or popular, many dedicated
ment. If you plan to show, what enthusiasts say that a perfect
you hopefully will have acquired specimen, as described in the
is a puppy with show potential. standard, has never walked into a
To the novice, exhibiting a Pug show ring, has never been bred
in the show ring may look easy, and, to the woe of dog breeders
but it takes a lot of hard work and around the globe, does not exist.
devotion to do top winning at a Breeders attempt to get as close to
show such as the prestigious this ideal as possible with every
Westminster Kennel Club dog litter, but theoretically the
show, not to mention a little luck perfect dog is so elusive that it is
too! impossible. (And if the perfect
The first concept that the dog were born, breeders and judges
canine novice learns when would probably never agree that it
watching a dog show is that each was indeed perfect.)
dog first competes against If you are interested in
members of his own breed. Once
the judge has selected the best
member of each breed (Best of
AKC GROUPS
For showing purposes, the American
Breed), provided that the show is
Kennel Club divides its recognized
judged on a Group system, that
breeds into seven groups: Sporting
chosen dog will compete with
Dogs, Hounds, Working Dogs,
other dogs in his group. Finally,
Terriers, Toys, Non-Sporting Dogs
the dogs chosen first in each group
and Herding Dogs. The Pug is
will compete for Best in Show.
shown in the Toy Group.
The second concept that you
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of record entered in the show. The for his breed is selected as Group
judge reviews the Winners Dog, One. Finally, all seven group
Winners Bitch and all of the winners (from the Toy Group,
champions to select his Best of Sporting Group, Hound Group,
Breed. The Best of Winners is etc.) compete for Best in Show.
selected between the Winners Dog To find out about dog shows in
and Winners Bitch. Were one of your area, you can subscribe to the
these two to be selected Best of American Kennel Clubs monthly
Breed, he or she would automati- magazine, the American Kennel
cally be named Best of Winners as Gazette and the accompanying
well. Finally the judge selects his Events Calendar. You can also look
Best of Opposite Sex to the Best of in your local newspaper for
Breed winner. advertisements for dog shows in
At a Group show or all-breed your area or go on the Internet to
show, the Best of Breed winners the AKCs website, www.akc.org.
from each breed then compete If your Pug is six months of
against one another for Group One age or older and registered with
through Group Four. The judge the AKC, you can enter him in a
compares each Best of Breed to his dog show where the breed is
breed standard, and the dog that offered classes. Provided that your
most closely lives up to the ideal Pug does not have a disqualifying
fault, he can compete. Only
unaltered dogs can be entered in a
CLUB CONTACTS dog show, so if you have spayed or
You can get information about dog neutered your Pug, you cannot
shows from the national kennel clubs: compete in conformation shows.
American Kennel Club
The reason for this is simple. Dog
5580 Centerview Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606-3390 shows are the main forum to prove
www.akc.org which representatives of a breed
are worthy of being bred. Only
United Kennel Club dogs that have achieved champion-
100 E. Kilgore Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49002
www.ukcdogs.com
shipsthe AKC seal of approval
for quality in pure-bred dogs
Canadian Kennel Club should be bred. Altered dogs,
89 Skyway Ave., Suite 100, Etobicoke, Ontario however, can participate in other
M9W 6R4 Canada AKC events such as obedience
www.ckc.ca
trials and the Canine Good Citizen
The Kennel Club program.
1-5 Clarges St., Piccadilly, London Before you actually step into
W1Y 8AB, UK the ring, you would be well
www.the-kennel-club.org.uk advised to sit back and observe the
Showing 145
The Pug is examined by the judge on a table, just like the one you use to groom your dog.
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146 PUG
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INDEX Page numbers in boldface indicate illustrations.
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My Pug
P U T YO U R P U P P Y S F I R ST P I C T U R E H E R E
VACCINATION RECORD
VACCINE DATES
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The Worlds Largest Series of Dog-Breed Books A K E N N E L C L U B B O O K
PUG
A clenched fista Mamoset monkeya
grumbling expression all describe the
Pug Pugs famous face. Regardless of how
you translate his name, the Pug is one Pug
Juliette Cunliffe
of Chinas most famous companion
dogs, renowned today for his charm,
compact size and happy, lively dispo-
sition. Multum in parvo, the Pugs
age-old maxim, perfectly describes
this larger than life compact dog: a
lot in a small package. The Pug offers
new owners unwavering devotion,
TRAINING PUPPY CARE child-like fun and super-canine intelli-
gence, a welcome addition to any dog-
loving home.
PUG
This book provides the much-
needed factual information about
Pugs and their history, characteristics
and standard, as well as puppy
selection, feeding, training, preven-
EVERYDAY CARE HEALTH CARE tative health care and behavior of the
breed. The new owner will welcome
the authors experience and advice
about puppy-proofing the home,
housebreaking and preventing puppy
problems. In addition to an authori-
tative, comprehensive text, this book
presents over 135 photographs in full
color, which prove to be as infor-
SHOWING HISTORY
mative as they are attractive.