Sejarah komputer

1. 1. Computer History http://www.computerhope.com

2. 2. 1613 - - The word "computer" was first recorded as being used to describe a person
who performed calculations or computations. - The definition of a computer remained
the same until the end of the 19th century when it began referring to a machine that
performed calculations.

3. 3. 1800 - 1804- Frances Joseph-Marie Jacquard completes his fully automated loom
that is programmed by punched cards. 1823- Baron Jons Jackob Berzelius silicon (Si),
which today is the basic component of IC's. 1832- Semen Korsakov uses punch cards
for the first time to store and search for information.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaVwzYN6BP4) 1876- Scottish-Canadian-
American Alexander Graham Bell is often credited as inventing the telephone makes
the first call March 10, 1876. 1890- Herman Hollerith developed a method for
machines to record and store information onto punch cards to be used for the US
census. He later formed the company we know as IBM today.

4. 4. 1900 - 1927 1907- IBM files for its first U.S. patent, #998,631 October 11, 1907. -
Lee De Frost files patent #879,532 on January 29, 1907 for the vacuum tube triode.
This is later used as an electronic switch in the first electronic computer. 1911 - The
company now known as IBM is founded June 16, 1911 in the state of New York as the
Computing - Tabulating - Recording Company (C-T-R), a consolidation of the
Computing Scale Company, and The International Time Recording Company. 1915-
The first telephone call is made across the continent. 1918- ANSI, otherwise known as
the American National Standards Institute, is formed. 1920- First radio broadcasting
begins in United States, Pittsburgh, PA. 1926- The first patent for the semiconductor
transistor is created. 1927- Philo Taylor Farnsworth becomes the first person to
successfully transmit a TV signal on September 7, 1927.

5. 5. 1936 1945 : First Generation Start 1936- Alan Turing develops the Turing
Machine. A turing machine is a machine proposed by the Alan Turing in 1936 that
became the foundation for theories about computing and computers. The machine was
a device that printed symbols on paper tape in a manner that emulated a person
following a series of logical instructions.) 1942- Frances Blaise Pascal invents a
machine, called the Pascaline, that can add, subtract, and carry between digits. 1943-
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the first general- purpose
electronic digital calculator begins to be constructed. This computer by most is
considered to be the first electronic computer. 1944- The Harvard Mark I computer is
officially presented at Harvard University on August 7, 1944. The relay-based
Harvard-IBM MARK I a large programmable-controlled calculating machine
provides vital calculations for the U.S. Navy. Grace Hopper becomes its programmer.
1945- The term bug as computer bug was termed by Grace Hopper when
programming the MARK II.

6. 6. 1947 - 1954 1947 - John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent the
first transistor at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947. 1950 - The United
States Government receives the UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101. This computer is
 considered to be the first computer that was capable of storing and running a program
from memory. 1952 - Alexander Sandy Douglas created the first graphical computer
game of Tic-Tac-Toe on an EDSAC known as "OXO. 1953 - IBM introduces the 701
to the public April 7, 1953. The 701 is IBM's first electric computer and first mass
produced computer. A total of 19 are produced and sold. - A magnetic memory smaller
and faster than existing vacuum tube memories is built at MIT. 1954 - IBM produces
and markets the IBM 650. More than 1,800 of these computers are sold in an eight-
year span, with 120 installations in the first year. - IBM introduces its first calculating
machine that uses solid-state transistors instead of vacuum tubes October 7, 1954. -
The first version of FORTRAN (formula translator) is published by IBM.

7. 7. 1955 - 1955- MIT introduces the Whirlwind machine on March 8, 1955, a

revolutionary computer that was the first digital computer with magnetic core RAM
and real-time graphics. - Bell Labs introduces its first transistor computer. Transistors
are faster, smaller, and create less heat than traditional vacuum tubs, making these
computers more reliable and efficient. - IBM introduces the first IBM 702

8. 8. 1956 First Generation Computer END 1956- ENIAC computer completed.

9. 9. 1957 1959 : Second Generation 1957 - IBM announces it will no longer be using
vacuum tubes and releases its first computer that had 2000 transistors. - Russia
launches the first artificial satellite, named Sputnik on October 4, 1957. - In response
to Sputnik the United States creates the new agency ARPA. 1958 - The first integrated
circuit is first developed by Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby
of Texas Instruments. The first IC is demonstrated on September 12, 1958. 1959 - The
Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) programming language first
appeared. - The Harvard-MARK I is turned off for the last time.

10. 10. 1960 1968 : Third Generation 1960 - AT&T introduces the dataphone and the
first known MODEM. 1964 - Dartmouth College John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz
develop Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Language (BASIC) and run it
for the first time May 1, 1964. 1967 - IBM creates the first floppy disk. 1968 -
Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates Hypertext on the NLS on December 9, 1968
in the mother of all demo's. UCLA is selected to be the first node on the Internet as we
know it today. - Hewlett Packard began marketing the first mass-marketed PC and the
worlds first desktop computer, the HP 9100A.

11. 11. 1968 - 1969 1968- Larry Roberts publishes ARPANET program plan on June 3,
1968. - On June 4, 1968 Dr. Robert Dennard at the IBM T.J. Watson Research center
is granted U.S. patent #3,387,286 describing a one-transistor DRAM cell. DRAM will
later replace magnetic core memory in computers. - Intel Corporation is founded by
Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore on July 18, 1968. 1969- UCLA puts out a press
release introducing the public to the Internet on July 3, 1969. On August 29, 1969 the
first network switch and the first piece of network equipment (called "IMP", which is
short for Interface Message Processor) is sent to UCLA. On September 2, 1969 the
first data moves from UCLA host to the IMP switch. Charley Kline a UCLA student
tries to send "login", the first message over ARPANET at 10:30 PM on October 29,
1969. The system transmitted "l" and then "o" but then crashed making today the first
day a message was sent over the Internet and the first network crash. - At 20:18 UTC
 on July 21, 1969 the Apollo 11 space craft lands on the moon and Neil Armstrong
becomes the first human to walk on the moon.

12. 12. 1969 -1970 1969- Intel releases its first product, the 3101 Schottky TTL bipolar
64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM). In the same year Intel released the
3301 Schottky bipolar 1024-bit read-only memory (ROM) - Advanced Micro Devices
(AMD) is founded on May 1, 1969. 1970- IBM introduces the System/370, which
included the use of Virtual Memory and utilized memory chips instead of magnetic
core technology. - Intel releases its first commercially available DRAM, the Intel 1103
in October 1970. Capable of storing 1024 bytes or 1KB of memory. - Intel announces
the 1103, a new DRAM memory chip containing more than 1,000 bits of information.
This chip is classified as random-access memory (RAM).

13. 13. 1971 Fourth Generation Start 1971- Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduces
the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15, 1971. The 4004 had 2,300
transistors, performed 60,000 operations per second (OPS), addressed 640 bytes of
memory, and cost $200.00. In addition to the introduction of the 4004, Intel also
introduced the 4-bit bus. - Ray Tomlinson sends the first e-mail, the first messaging
system to send messages across a network to other users.

14. 14. 1971 - 1976 1971- The first 8" floppy diskette drive was introduced. - High-level
programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1971 that is named after the
Mathematician Blaise Pascal. Below is an example of a Pascal program that prints
Hello World!. 1975- Bill Gates and Paul Allen Establish Microsoft April 4, 1975 after
creating Altair BASIC that later developed into Microsoft BASIC. 1976- Steve Jobs
and Steve Wozniak demonstrate the first Apple computer at the Home Brew
Computer Club in April of 1976. The Apple I had 6502 MOS 1MHz processor, 8kB of
onboard memory, and 1kB of VRAM for $666.66. Below is a picture of an Apple I
from an advertisement by Apple.

15. 15. 1976 - 1976- The term meme is first defined in the book The Selfish Gene by
Richard Dawkins. - On February 3, 1976 David Bunnell publishes an article by Bill
Gates complaining about software piracy in his Computer Notes Altair newsletter. - In
December of 1976 Bill Gates drops out of Harvard to devote all his time to Microsoft.
- The first 5.25-inch floppy disk is invented. - Steve Wozniak designs the first Apple,
the Apple I computer in 1976, later Wozniak and Steve Jobs co-found Apple
Computers.

16. 16. 1977 - 1978 1977- Apple Computers introduces the Apple II, the first personal
computer with color graphics is demonstrated at the West Coast Computer Faire on
April 16, 1977; it went on sale June 10th of that same year. - Oracle is founded in
June 16, 1977 by Larry Ellison, Robert Miner, and Ed Oates. 1978- TCP splits into
TCP/IP driven by Danny Cohen, David Reed, and John Shoch to support real-time
traffic. This allows the creation of UDP. - WordStar is first released. - In June of 1978
Apple introduces Apple DOS 3.1, the first operating system for the Apple computers.

17. 17. 1979 - 1980 1979- Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates binary arithmetic, a discovery
that shows every number can be represented by 0 and 1 only. - Bjarne Stoustrup, a
Danish computer scientist, begins work on the programming language "C with
classes", which will later be renamed C++. 1980- IBM hires Paul Allen and Bill Gates
 to create an operating system for a new PC. The pair buy the rights to a simple
operating system manufactured by Seattle Computer Products and use it as a template.
IBM allows the two to keep the marketing rights to the operating system, called DOS.
- ARPANET experiences first major network crash causing it to go down for four
hours October 27, 1980. - Microsoft licenses Unix and starts to develop a PC version,
XENIX.

18. 18. 1980 1981 1980- On January 3, Hewlett Packard introduces its HP-85
(codename Project Capricorn). A microcomputer with 16kB of RAM, a 32kB ROM, a
5-inch CRT display, a built-in printer, tape drive, and keyboard for $3,250.00. 1981-
On August 12, 1981 IBM joins the computer race by introducing IBM 5150 PC that
used the 4.77-MHz Intel 8088 processor, 16 kB base memory, and the PC-DOS
operating system with a starting price of $1,565. - MS-DOS 1.0 was released August,
1981.

19. 19. 1982 - 1984 1982- Professor Scott Fahlman creates a post on bulletin board
mention the idea of using a series of characters to represent a smiley face and frown
face that later became known as emoticons. : ) - Rich Skrenta a 15-year old high
school student creates the first known computer virus known as The Elk Cloner. 1984-
The now famous Apple "1984" commercial is aired during Super Bowl XVIII January
22, 1984 and introduces the Apple Macintosh computer that utilized a graphical user
interface instead of needing to type in commands. In six months sales of the computer
reach 100,000. - The beginning of the greatest adventure computer gaming series is
released by Sierra. Kings Quest 1: Quest for the crown is released to the public.

20. 20. 1986 - 1989 1986- IBM PC Division (PCD) announces it's first laptop computer,
the PC Convertible, weighing 12 pounds, which is 18 pounds lighter than the earlier
portable computer. 1989- The first ISP known as "The World" begins servicing
customers. - Intel releases the 486DX processor, with more than 1 million transistors
and multitasking capabilities. - The first release of Microsoft Office for the Apple
Mac is released on August 1, 1989.

21. 21. 1992 -1994 1992- IBM introduces ThinkPad, the industry's first notebook with a
10.4 inch color TFT display and TrackPoint. 1994- Intel releases the second
generation of Intel Pentium processors on March 7, 1994. - The first microbrowser,
PocketWeb, was created. - Amazon.com domain is registered November 1, 1994. -
The company now known as Yahoo! is founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in
January 1994.

22. 22. 1995 - 1995- The dot-com boom starts. - On December 4, 1995 Sun Microsystems
announced JavaScript and first releases it in Netscape 2.0B3. In the same year they
also introduced Java. - PHP is publicly released June 8, 1995. - USB standard is
released. - Computer hacker Kevin Mitnick is arrested by the FBI on February 15,
1999. - Internet search engine AltaVista launches December 15, 1995. - Microsoft
releases Internet Explorer 2.0 on November 22, 1995 and officially starts the browser
war between Netscape.

23. 23. 1995 - 1995- Hewlett Packard releases the HP 4020i in September 1995, which
was the first sub $1,000.00 recordable disc drive (CD-R). - Intel introduces the Intel
 Pentium Pro in November. - Microsoft Releases Windows 95, within four days the
software sells more than 1 million copies.

24. 24. 1996 - 1997 1996- For the first time more e-mail is sent than postal mail in USA. -
The first CSS specification, CSS 1, is published by the W3C in December 1996. -
Google is first developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. - Acer America Corporation
introduces its designer home PCs. - Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29,
1996. 1997- Microsoft releases DirectX 5.0 (4.05.00.0155) on July 16, 1997. - The
CD burning software Nero is first released. - Digital Video Discs aka Digital Versatile
Discs (DVDs) first go on sale. - Bill Gates is now the worlds richest businessman. -
Yahoo! introduces Yahoo Mail. - Winamp is released April 21, 1997.

25. 25. 1997 - 1997- Intel Pentium II is introduced on May 7, 1997. - CD-RW drives and
media are introduced. - Microsoft releases Microsoft Office 97. - Microsoft announces
Windows 98. - Apple releases MAC OS 8. - The Intel Pentium II 233 MHz processor
is released. - The domain facebook.com comes online March 28, 1997.

26. 26. 1998 - 1999 1998- Microsoft Windows 98 is officially released on June 25, 1998.
- Intel releases the Celeron processor. - MPEG-4 is first introduced. - Sony releases
the High capacity Floppy Disk. - Mozilla is initially formed March 13, 1998. 1999-
The first Wiki is introduces with WikiWikiWeb on March 25, 1999. - The Victoria's
Secret fashion show becomes the first major webcast on the Internet attracting over
1.5 million visitors on February 5, 1999. Unfortunately, not everyone was able to
view the webcast because of the popularity. - RIM releases the Blackberry January 19,
1999. - The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz is released on February 26, 1999. - Microsoft
releases Windows CE 3.0. - NVIDIA introduces the GPU.

27. 27. 2000 - 2000- Kevin Mitnick is released from prison January 21, 2000. - Both Intel
and AMD pass the 1GHz CPU barrier. Something many people in the computer
industry thought would never happen. - Google announces it has indexed over one
billion pages making it the Internet's largest search engine. - Google launches Google
AdWords with 350 customers in October of 2000. - XHTML is released January 26,
2000. - EA releases The Sims, the best-selling PC game in history February 04, 2000.
- Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000. - OpenOffice.org is
introduced as an open office productivity suite. - Microsoft releases Windows ME
June 19, 2000.

28. 28. 2001 - 2002 2001- Microsoft Windows XP home and professional editions are
released October 25, 2001. - On January 02, 2001 Intel announced that it will recall its
1.13 GHz Pentium III processors due to a glitch. - Apple first releases iTunes on the
Mac January 9, 2001. - IBM starts the Eclipse project. - Linus Torvalds releases
version 2.4 of the Linux Kernel source code on January 4th. 2002- The first of code
that would later become Mozilla Firefox is made available September 23, 2002. -
Hitachi closes deal to purchase IBM's hard drive operation for $2.05 billion.

29. 29. 2003 - 2004 2003 - Apple opens the iTunes store April 28, 2003. - DDR2 SDRAM
begins being sold. - Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Version 2003) for Itanium
2 systems is released on March 28, 2003. - Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is
released March 28, 2003. 2004 - Mark Zuckerberg launches Thefacebook February 4,
2004, which later becomes Facebook. - Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004. -
 MySpace official site is launched January 2004. - Firefox 1.0 is first introduced on
November 9, 2004.

30. 30. 2005 - 2006 2005 - YouTube is founded and comes online February 15, 2005. -
The first YouTube video entitled "Me at the zoo" is uploaded April 23, 2005 by Jawed
Karim. - Microsoft announces it's next operating system, codenamed "Longhorn" will
be named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005. - Microsoft releases the Xbox 360, the
second generation of their popular game console November 22, 2005. 2006 - jQuery
is first introduced in January 26, 2006. - Twttr, now known as Twitter is officially
launched July 15, 2006 - Jack Dorsey, the founder of Twitter posts the first Twitter
post "Just setting up my twttr" on his account March 21, 2006. - On January 5, 2006
Intel introduces the Intel Core and Viiv. - Intel introduces the Intel Core 2 Duo
processors with the Core 2 Duo Processor E6300 (2M Cache, 1.86 GHz, 1066 MHz
FSB) July 27, 2006. - Sony releases the PlayStation 3 November 11, 2006.

31. 31. 2007 - 2008 2007 - Apple introduces the iPhone to the public at the January 9,
2007 Macworld Conference & Expo. - DDR3 SDRAM begins being sold June 2007. -
The Apple iPhone Jailbreaking method is introduced to the public on July 10, 2007. -
Google releases Android November 5, 2007. 2008 - T-Mobile's G1 phone (HTC
Dream) is the first phone to be released with Google Android 1.0 on September 23,
2008. - Google releases the first public version of Chrome December 11, 2008. - The
HD player war comes to an end when HD DVD calls it quit, making Blu-ray the
victor on February 19, 2008. - Intel announces the Intel Atom family of processors
March 2, 2008.

32. 32. 2009 - 2010 2009 - Facebook overtakes MySpace in Internet traffic. - USB 3.0
begins being released in November of 2009. - Android version 1.5 (Cupcake) released
April 27, 2009. - Apple releases the iPhone 3Gs (s for successor) June 19, 2009. -
Microsoft releases Windows 7 October 22, 2009. 2010 - Apple introduces the iPad on
January 27, 2010. - Instagram is launched in October 2010. - Android version 2.2
(Froyo) released May 20, 2010 - Path social network site is released. - Microsoft first
releases the Kinect for the Xbox 360 in November 4, 2010. - Apple introduces the
iPhone 4 on June 7, 2010. - Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread) released December 6,
2010

33. 33. 2011 - 2012 2011 - The first Chromebooks with Chrome OS begin shipping on
June 15, 2011. - Android version 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) released October 8, 2011.
- Samsung first releases the Galaxy Note smartphone in October of 2011 and the term
phablet becomes a new way of describing larger phones. - Hitachi sells its hard drive
division to Western Digital in March of 2011. - Steve Jobs passes away on October 5,
2011 (Age: 56) 2012 - Facebook officially crosses the one billion active users mark on
October 4, 2012. - It wasn't the end of the world on December 21, 2012 as the Mayans
predicted but the video Gangnam Style hit over 1 billion views on YouTube. - The
Raspberry Pi single-board computer is released in the United Kingdom. - Android
version 4.1 (Jelly Bean) released July 9, 2012. - Apple iPhone 5 goes on sale
September 21, 2012. - Microsoft Windows 8 and Microsoft Surface tablet is released
October 26, 2012.

34. 34. 2013 - 2015 2013 - Sony officially announces the PlayStation 4, a replacement for
the PS3 gaming console on February 20, 2013. - On March 15, 2013 Microsoft
 discontinued Messenger in favor of Skype. - Microsoft unveils the Xbox One on May
21, 2013, a new gaming console to replace the Xbox 360. - In 2013 Acer, Asus, and
others announce they have no intentions of making any new versions of netbooks,
officially killing the netbook computer. 2014 - Microsoft announces on September 30,
2014 the next version of Windows, which will be called Windows 10. - Android
version 5.0 (Lollipop) released November 3, 2014. - The Nokia deal with Microsoft is
completed April 25, 2014 making Nokia now Microsoft Mobile in a deal totaling
$7.17 billion.

35. 35. Fifth Generation?? Lets back to 1968 and wacth this movie 2001: A Space
Odyssey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARJ8cAGm6JE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8N72t7aScY HAL 9000 is a fictional character
in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series. HAL (Heuristically programmed
ALgorithmic computer) is a sentient computer (or artificial intelligence) that controls
the systems of the Discovery One spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut
crew. HAL's exterior physical form is not depicted, though it is visually represented
as a red television camera eye located on equipment panels throughout the ship, and
its interior in the scene where his advanced memory modules are disconnected.

36. 36. J.A.R.V.I.S Edwin Jarvis is a supporting character in the Marvel Comics titles,
The Avengers, Iron Man, and Spider-Man. He is the loyal household butler of Tony
Stark, the billionaire playboy inventor who dons a suit of high- tech armor as the
superhero Iron Man. Since the 1990s, the character has appeared heavily in media
adaptations of Iron Man and Avengers stories, and is commonly reimagined as
J.A.R.V.I.S., not a butler but an artificial intelligence which assists the superhero Iron
Man J.A.R.V.I.S. (Stands for Just A Rather Very Intelligent System)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwOxM0-byvc

37. 37. J.A.R.V.I.S as Artificial Intelligence Iron Man Scene, Jarvis help Tony Stark to
create a new element https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8q0vIFCq1mw

38. 38. Hologram & Leap Motion Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=wwUcZMfmj-Q (iWatch Hologram) https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=S883oEBh7ds (Leap Motion) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVopcoxizcY
(Leap Motion) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLavoahAfv8 (Hologram
Powerpoint Presentation) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndvdzLVeBBI
(Holographic meet Augmented Reality)

39. 39. Augmented Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QDB7CDD5aA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2X15F-neCY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SpXl1mGU2M (taman anggrek)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GskvxqDdSW4 (toy story)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uBCw8DxUfQ (XL Sejuta Mawar)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-3qC4q8toU (Fitting Room)

40. 40. Kinect Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j15zOinIvYo (XBOX

360) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vq-1TiXi3g (Kinect UI Robot)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ufim0LAiVbU (Kinect UI Robot on Iron Man 3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr71jrkzWq8 (Kinect Fashion)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwKniA5eb7s (Fitting Room)
41. 41. Microsoft HoloLens & Google Glass https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qym11JnFQBM (HoloLens) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7TB8b2t3QE
(Glass) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vG9vfjdcmRw (Glass