AHEAD Test and Discussions - COMPLETE DENTURE

AHEAD Test and Discussions COMPLETE DENTURE
1. Which of following is not a factor in balanced occlusion? 8. The stability of a mandibular complete denture will be
a. Maximum denture base coverage greater the balance enhanced when
b. The more centred the force of occlusion a. The level of occusal plane is above the dorsum of the
anteroposteriorly the greater the stability of the base. tongue
c. Occlusal balance with stable contacts at the centric and b. The tongue rests on the occusal surface
in long centric c. The lingual contour of the denture is concave
d. A minimum of four contacts for establishing a teeth d. The posterior teeth on the denture have a broad
centric and eccentric occlusion buccolingual width
2. Which of the following statement is false? 9. The primary stress bearing area of maxillary complete
a. The narrower and shorter the ridge in which teeth are denture is
arranged, the greater the lever balance. a. Alveolar ridge b. Buccal flange
b. Wider the ridge and the narrower the teeth c. Palate d. Posterior palatal seal area
buccolingually the greater the balance.
c. Intermediate occlusal balance for all positions between 10. The occlusal plane is determined by the lower anterior
centric occlusion and all other teeth and the commissure of the mouth. Which of the
functional or parafunctional excursions to the right, left following statement about setting up of the denture
and protrusive. occlusal plane is incorrect
d. It is important that balance, due to tooth position and to a. The occlusal plane should terminate posteriorly at the
contact, complement. junction of anterior one-third and posterior two-third of
the retromolar pad.
3. Which of following is not a type of balance in complete b. The parotid papilla is on the average 3.3 mm above the
denture occlusion? occlusal plane and it can be used as a guide for
a. Unilateral. b. Bilateral. establishing the height of the occlusal plane.
c. Protrusive d. Retrusive c. If the occlusal plane is too low, then the tongue can
overlap the lower teeth and cause tongue bitting.
4. Which of following is not an advantage of balanced d. From cuspid to cuspid, the rim is inclined slightly
occlusion? backwards.
a. Enables the denture to be seated during activities such
as swallowing saliva, closing to reseat the dentures. 11. The lower posterior teeth should not crowd the tongue or
b. If teeth are not arranged in balanced occlusion, the interfere with its normal function. Incorrect statement
constant unseating of the denture bases create soreness about tongue position with respect to denture teeth is
and inflammation, which may lead to accelerated bone a. The buccal cusps of the molars are approximately in
resorption. vertical alignment with the mylophyoid ridge.
c. The denture gets good stability, retention and comfort. b. At rest, after swallowing, the tip of the tongue touches
d. Balanced occlusion is associated with noncusp form the lingual surfaces of the lower anterior teeth.
posterior teeth. c. The lateral border of the tongue will be at the level of
the lingual contour of the lower natural posterior teeth.
5. The condylar guidance can be measured using a d. The dorsal surface of the tongue is nearly level with the
a. Protrusive interocclusal record. occlusal surface of the posterior teeth.
b. Lateral interocclusal record.
c. Retrusive interocclusal record. 12. Curve of Spee cannot be copied onto the denture in the
d. All of them same way as seen in natural dentition because in natural
dentition
6. Approximate value of condylar guidance is with in a. Christensens phenomenon exists.
a. +30degrees and almost the same value on both sides. b. The radii of the curve depends on the angle of the
b. +20degrees and almost the same value on both sides. incisal guidance and the condylar guidance.
c. +30degrees and different value on both sides. c. There is no balanced occlusion.
d. +20degrees and different value on both sides. d. All of the above
7. All statements about Condylar Guidance (Posterior 13. Which of the following factors does not influence
Determinant) are true except mandibular movements?
a. It is the path of movement taken by the condyle in the a. Muscles and Ligament as force for the movement.
glenoid fossa. b. Condylar path.
b. The condyle moves along the surface of glenoid fossa c. Inclination of contacting surfaces of opposite teeth.
during mandibular movement so the glenoid fossa d. Tongue musculature
determines the path of movement of the condyle.
c. The condylar guidance can be measured using a 14.When mandible is protruded, disocclusion of posterior
protrusive interocclusal record. teeth is resulted. This phenomenon is called as
d. The condyle traverses L shaped path a. Bennet movement b. Christensens phenomenon
c. Spee movement d. Hanaus phenomenon
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15. Interocclusal distance is the 23. Accurately recorded centric relation aids in proper
a. Value of the vertical dimension of rest in denture. adjustments of condylar guidances for control of
b. Difference between the occlusal vertical dimension and the a. Eccentric movements.
rest vertical dimension. b. Tongue movements.
c. Distance or gap existing between the upper and lower teeth c. Border movements
when the mandible is in the physiologic rest position. It d. Bennet movements
usually is 2 to 4 mm when observed at the position of the
first premolars. 1. An accurate centric relation orients the
d. Clinically recorded rest position. a. Lower cast to the opening axis of the articulator and the
mandible.
16. Other names for centric relation are b. Upper cast to the opening axis of the articulator and the
a. centric jaw relation mandible.
b. hinge axis position and c. Lower cast to the closing axis of the articulator and the
c. ligamentous position. mandible.
d. All of the above d. Upper cast to the closing axis of the articulator and the
17. Significance of centric relation are all of the following mandible.
except
a. This position is more constant and definite than vertical 2. Errors in mounting casts on articulator can be detected
dimension, and is independent of the presence or absence when
of teeth a. Centric relation is used as the horizontal reference
b. It is a recordable and reproducible position. position.
c. It serves as a reference relation. b. Centric occlusion is used as the horizontal reference
d. An accurate centric relation orients the upper cast to the position.
opening axis of the articulator and the mandible. c. Centric relation is used as the vertical reference
position.
18. In natural dentition the centric occlusion is usually d. Centric occlusion is used as the vertical reference
anterior to centric relation position.
a. 0.5 to 1 mm b. 0.2 to 0.5 mm
c. 0.75 to 1.5 mm d. 1 to 2 mm 26. Which of the following statement about centric relation
is incorrect
19. Centric relation is established for denture occlusion a. This position is more constant and definite than vertical
where as centric occlusion is present in natural dimension, and is independent of the presence or
dentition. If in natural dentition the CR and CO absence of teeth
coincides then its called b. Errors in mounting casts on articulator can be detected
a. Centric relation occlusion. b. Long centric when centric relation is used as the horizontal reference
c. Centric occlusion d. Balanced occlusion position.
c. It's a position from which all other eccentric
20. Centric occlusion can be made to coincide with centric
movements occur. It's an intersection of right and left
relation to provide a broad area of tooth contact. This
border position.
relation is called as
d. Accurately recorded centric relation aids in proper
a. Freedom in centric in dentures.
adjustments of incisal guidances for control of eccentric
b. Centric relation occlusion in dentures.
movements.
c. Centric occlusion in dentures
d. Balanced occlusion in dentures
27. Incisal guidance: is measured as,
21. Centric relation is a recordable and reproducible a. It is usually expressed in degrees of angulation from the
position. Centric occlusion cannot be reproduced by the horizontal by a line drawn in the sagittal plane between
edentulous patient because of the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisor teeth when
a. Loss of proprioceptive impulses closed in centric occlusion.
b. Loss of tonicty of TMJ ligaments b. It is usually expressed in degrees of angulation from the
c. Loss of height of crest of the edentulous ridge vertical by a line drawn in the sagittal plane between the
d. All of the above incisal edges of the upper and lower incisor teeth when
closed in centric
22. Which of the following is not a difference between occlusion.
Centric relation and Centric occlusion c. It is usually expressed in degrees of angulation from the
a. Centric relation is a bone to bone relationship. Centric horizontal by a line drawn in the coronal plane between
occlusion is the relationship of upper and lower teeth to each the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisor teeth when
other. closed in centric occlusion.
b. Centric relation is established for denture occlusion where as
centric occlusion is present in natural dentition.
d. It is usually expressed in degrees of angulation from the
c. Centric relation is a recordable and reproducible position. It vertical by a line drawn in the coronal plane between the
serves as a reference relation. incisal edges of the upper and lower incisor teeth when
d. In natural dentition the centric occlusion is usually posterior closed in centric
to centric relation occlusion.

28. With a given vertical overlap incisal guide angle can be 34. All are uses of face bow except
made flatter by a. When balanced occlusion in eccentric position is
a. Increasing the horizontal overlap and by reducing vertical desired
overlap. b. When a Definite cusp fossa a or cusp tip to cusp incline
b. Increasing the horizontal overlap and by increasing Relation is needed
vertical overlap. c. When a non cusp form(cuspless) teeth are used
c. Reducing the horizontal overlap and by reducing vertical d. For verification of jaw position
overlap.
d. Reducing the horizontal overlap and by increasing 35. Type of face bow is
vertical overlap. a. Ear piece face bow
b. Facia type face bow
29. Passive impression technique involves : c. Kinematic face bow
a. Impression with silicone b. Impression compound d. All of the above
c. Impression plaster d. Alginate
36. All of the following statements Related to Aritary type of
30. Concept of LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION introduced by face bow are true except
Alfred Gysi in 1927 is which of the following a. It is placed on the face with the condylar rods located
a. Lingualized occlusion uses the maxillary lingual cusp as the approx over the condyles
dominant functional element, b. It is used in complete Denture Patients
occluding against corresponding position of mandibular tooth. c. The rods are positioned on the line extending from
b. Lingualized occlusion uses the mandibular lingual cusp as the outer canthus to the tips of the tragus
dominant functional element, d. The fork is attached to mandibular occlusal Rim
occluding against corresponding position of mandibular tooth.
c. Lingualized occlusion uses the maxillary buccal cusp as the 37. Which of the following statement is not true about
dominant functional element, kinematic face bow?
a. The fork is attached to mandibular occlusal Rim
d. Lingualized occlusion uses the mandibular buccal cusp as the
b. The movements of the points of the condyle rods are
dominant functional element,
observed on the opening and closing of jaws
c. When the points rotate and tranlate, they are on the
31. Incorporation of lingualized occlusion in teeth opening axis of the jaws
arrangement involves- Buccolingually the lingual cusps d. It can aid in Recording centric Relation.
of the mandibular teeth are located within a line drawn
from the 38. All of the following statement are true about face bow
a. Distal of canine to the buccal and lingual sides of the except
retromolar pad. a. It is used to record the Relationship of the jaws to TMJ
b. Distal of first premolar to the buccal and lingual sides b. To Record the relationship to opening axis of the jaws
of the retromolar pad. c. It is articulating type of device
c. Distal of canine to the buccal and lingual sides of the d. It is used to orient the cast in the same Relationship to
mandibular ramus. the opening axis of the articulator
d. Distal of first premolar to the buccal and lingual sides
of the mandibular ramus. 39. Bennet Movement is Recorded in the region of the
a. Translating condyle of non- working side.
32. The Concept of Occlusion given by Monson in 1918 b. Translating condyle of working side.
which allows the anteroposterior and mesiodistal c. Rotating condyle of non- working side.
inclines of the artificial teeth to be arranged in harmony d. Rotating condyle of working side.
with a spherical surface is
a. Spherical concept of occlusion. 40. If the Mandible shifts _________towards working side
b. Bonwill's theory of occlusion. in lateral movement called Bennett movement. If
c. Conical theory of occlusion. major part of Bennet movement occurs in first 4 mm
d. Organic concept of occlusion. it's called distributed side shift.
a. 1 to 4 mm
33. The theory of occlusion that proposes that the teeth move b. 2 to 5 mm
in relation to each other as guided by the condylar c. 2 to 7 mm
controls and the incisal point and there is a 4 inch d. 1 to 2 mm
distance between the condyles and between condyles and
incisor point. 41. All of the following are factors Affecting Bennett
a. Spherical concept of occlusion. Movement except
b. Bonwill's theory of occlusion. a. Shape of glenoid fossa
c. Conical theory of occlusion. b. Looseness of capsular ligament.
d. Organic concept of occlusion. c. Contraction of medial pterygoids.
d. Contraction of temporalis

42. Bennett Angle is defined as the angle formed by the 50. The concept of occlusion in which the plane of occlusion
a. Sagittal plane and the path of the advancing condyle is flat and parallel to residual alveolar ridge and not
during lateral mandibular movements as viewed in the dictated by the horizontal condylar guidances and is not
horizontal plane. inclined to form compensating curves is
b. Sagittal plane and the path of the advancing condyle a. Organic concept of occlusion.
during lateral mandibular movements as viewed in the b. Neutrocentric concept of occlusion.
vertical plane. c. Centric occlusion.
c. Coronal plane and the path of the advancing condyle d. Balanced occlusion.
during lateral mandibular movements as viewed in the
horizontal plane. 51. If a lesser compensating curve is substituted for a steep
b. Coronal plane and the path of the advancing condyle condylar guidance it would result in
during lateral mandibular movements as viewed in the a. A steep incisal guidance resulting in loss of molar
vertical plane. balancing contacts.
b. A shallow incisal guidance resulting in loss of molar
43. Average Bennett angle is ___________and average balancing contacts.
Bennett movement is__________ c. A steep incisal guidance resulting in molar balancing
a. 7.5 to 12.8 degree and 1 to 4 mm contacts.
b. 3.5 to 7.5 degree and 2 to 5 mm d. A shallow incisal guidance resulting in molar balancing
c. 7.5 to 12.8 degree and 2 to 7 mm contacts.
d. 3.5 to 7.5 degree and 1 to 2 mm
52. The main purpose of covering the retromolar pad area is
44. Classification of Articulators - University of Michigan in a. Stability b. Retention
1972 was based on the instrument's function, instrument c. Support d. Contraction
capability, intent, registration procedure and
registration acceptance. The class of articulators that 53. Plane of Occlusion is established in the anterior by the
accepts the face bow record is a. Height of the lower cuspid and in the posterior by the
a. Class 0 b. Class 1 c. Class 2 d. Class 3 height of the retromolar pad.
b. Height of the lower first premolar and in the posterior
45. Simple holding instruments that are capable of accepting by the height of the third molar
a single static registration with possible vertical motion. c. Height of the lower cuspid and in the posterior by the
No horizontal motion is possible height of the third molar
a. Class 0 b. Class 1 c. Class 2 d. Class 3 d. Height of the lower first premolar and in the posterior
by the height of the retromolar pad.
46. When natural mandibular teeth are present more force is
applied to anterior part of maxillary edentulous ridge 54. An imaginary curve joining the buccal cusps of the
causing anterior bone loss and flabby hyperplastic mandibular posterior teeth starting from the canine
tissue. This situation is called as passing through the head of the condyle is
a. Epulis Syndrome b. Hyperplastic Syndrome a. Curve of Spee b. Curve of Monson
c. Combination Syndrome d. Hypertrophic Syndrome c. Curve of Wilson d. Curve of Gysi
47. Retromolar pad : 55. Distolingual extension of the mandibular impression for a
a. Should not be covered by low denture complete denture limited by the action of :
b. Should be covered by lower denture a. Stylohyoid muscle
c. Has tendon of temporal muscle attached to it b. Medial pterygoid muscle
d. Disappears on eruption of mandible last molars c. Lateral pterygoid muscle
d. Posterior constrictor muscle.
48. The interocclusal distance (formerly referred to as the
"free way space") is the distance or gap existing between 56. If the incisal guidance is steep, it requires all of following
the occluding surfaces of maxillary and mandibular to effect an occlusal balance EXCEPT
teeth when the mandible is in the physiologic rest a. Steep cusps
position. Donders space is the name given to the space in b. Steep occlusal plane
between c. Steep compensating curve
a. Palate and the denture b. Tongue and the denture d. Steep condylar guidance
c. Mandible and the denture d. Palate and the tongue
57. The dentogenic concept of denture esthetics given by:
49. The difference between the occlusal vertical dimension FRUSH & FISHER has been explained as Prosthodontic
and the rest vertical dimension is the interocclusal appearance interpretation of which three vital factors
distance. The interocclusal distance is a. AGE, gender, Personality
a. 2 to 4 mm b. Age, caries rate, time period since loss of teeth
b. 1 to 2 mm c. Gender, caries rate, time period since loss of teeth
c. 4 to 6 mm d. Gender, personality, caries rate
d. 6 to 8 mm

58. The coronoid process : 66. SOFT PALATE shape that is most favorable for
a. Limits the extention of maxillary posterior teeth setting complete denture retention as it allows more tissue
b. Limits the thickness of the distobuccal flange of the coverage for the palatal seal is
upper complete denture a. CLASS 1: Horizontal, with little muscular movement
c. Limits the thickness of the distobuccal flange of the b. CLASS 2: Palate turns downward at about 45 degree
lower complete denture angle to the hard palate
d. Determines PPS c. CLASS 3: Palate turns down sharply downwards at
about 70 degree angle just posteriorly to the hard palate
59. The space between buccal aspect of maxillary posterior
teeth and corners of mouth when the patient smile is 67. Wright classified tongue positions in complete denture
a. Buccal corridor patients. The category that has the most favorable
b. Cosmetic Factor prognosis is
c. Artistic reflection a. CLASS 1- tongue lies in the floor of mouth with tip
d. Embrasures forward & slightly below the incisal edges of the
mandibular anterior teeth.
60. Which statement about interdental papillae in reference b. CLASS 2- The tongue is flattened and broadened but the
to teeth arrangement in complete dentures is tip is in normal position.
INCORRECT? c. CLASS 3- tongue is retracted & depressed into the floor
a. They are convex in all directions in older patients. of mouth with the tip curled upward and downward
b. Interdental papillae should extend to the contact points
and be convex. 68. RIDGE RESORBTION in complete denture patients can
c. The tip of papillae should end at its lowest point at the be classified as Class 1, 2 and 3. Ridge resorbtion in
junction of labial and lingual surfaces of tooth. Class 3 constitutes
d. The papilla are wider & shorter in young patients. a. Loss upto one-third of original vertical height.
b. Loss from one-third to two-third of original vertical
61. Distobuccal flange of mandibular denture is influenced height.
by : c. Loss of two-third or more of original vertical height.
a. Masseter b. Buccinator d. Loss of one-fourth or more of original vertical height
c. Temporalis d. Platysma
69. What is meant by freedom in centric or long centric.
62. Fovea palatine are situated in : a. Natural tooth interferance in centric relation initiate
a. Hard palate impulses that direct the mandible away from deflective
b. Soft palate occlusal contacts into centric occlusion.
c. At the junction of hard and soft palate b. Impulses created by closure into centric occlusion
d. Their position is not fixed establish memory patterns
c. A broader area of stable contacts near centric relation
63. In 1950, Dr. Milus House devised a classification system d. When condyle has moved forward in the glenoid fossa to
of complete denture patients on the basis of permit the opposing teeth to contact evenly
a. Patients psychological responses to becoming
edentulous and adapting to dentures. 70. For support and retention of complete denture snow
b. Gender, caries rate, time period since loss of teeth shoe principle constitutes
c. On basis of patients physiological responses and time a. Enhancing support by placing pressure selectively
period since loss of teeth b. Using the maximum coverage within normal functional
d. The level and quality of involvement of the patient limits
towards the dentist and the level of willingness to trust c. Resistance of denture to removal in a direction opposite
the dentist. to that of its insertion.
d. Acts when saliva sticks to denture base and mucous
64. The complete denture patients who have had bad results membrane
with previous treatment and are therefore doubtful that
anyone can help them fall under which category 71. The theory of impression making that is based on the
a. Philosophical principle of occlusal loading during impression is same
b. Indifferent as that during function. Movements are recorded as
c. Critical in day to day activities and denture. Peripheries are
d. Skeptical established during function is
a Muco-compressive theory b. Mucostatic technique
65. The purpose of plane orientation is : c. Mucoseal concept d. Selective pressure theory
a. To serve as a guide establishing occlusal plane
b. To aid in measuring height and length of posterior teeth 72. The theory of impression making that is based on the
c. To serve as an arbitrary plane when established on the principle of interfacial surface tension is the only
articulator retentive means of importance
d. To divide the distance between upper and lower cast a. Muco-compressive theory b. Mucostatic technique
equally c. Mucoseal concept d. Selective pressure theory

73. Bennett movement of mandible is related to : 82. An articulator is classified as semiadjustable articulator
a. Condylar rotation if it accepts which of these three records
b. Lateral bodily movement of mandible a. Facebow, centric jaw relation & protrusive, records
c. Protrussive movement of mandible b. Facebow lateral and intercodylar distance records
d. Edge to edge occusal c. Facebow, centric jaw relation & lateral, records
d. Lateral, centric jaw relation & protrusive, records
74. Selection of impression tray for preliminary impression is
such that edentulous stock tray is 83. Which of the following is NOT a reason for modifying the
a. 5mm larger than outside surface of ridge occlusal table in a complete denture patient
b. 3mm larger than outside surface of ridge a. Reduction of force -restoration, the tooth structure and the
c. 5mm shorter than outside surface of ridge periodontium
d. 3mm shorter than outside surface of ridge b. Reduction of the effect of force
c. Reduction of torque d. Facilitation of oral hygiene
75. While recording maxillary impression for edentulous
patient, he is asked to move mandible from side to side 84. Verification of Mandible in centric relations is done by
to record all of the following EXCEPT
a. Coronoid process on slopes of buccal vestibules a. Physically guiding the mandible upwards & backwards
b. Condylar process on slopes of buccal vestibules b. Muscles should be in complete harmony with each other.
c. Hamular notch in the posterior palatal seal area c. There should not be any tooth contact at this position
d. Anterior vibrating line in the posterior palatal seal area d. The mandible should be guided until the cuspid on the
working side is edge to edge and ready to disclude
76. To record Buccal frenum while border moulding for
recording maxillary impression for edentulous patient, 85. Most reliable method to diagnose premature contacts on
cheek is elevated and pulled in the sequence of a cast restoration placed on a natural tooth is
a. outwards, downward, inwards, backwards and forwards a. Study casts and Visual examination
b. outwards, inwards, downward, backwards and forwards b. Roentgenograms
c. downward, outwards, inwards, backwards and forwards c. Articulating paper markings and Impressions on wax
d. downward, inwards, outwards, backwards and forwards d. Patient's tactile response
77. To record Labial flange while border moulding for 86. Modiolus at the corner of mouth is formed by all of the
recording mandibular impression for edentulous patient, following muscles except
lip is elevated and pulled in the sequence of a. Triangularis b. Buccinator
a. Outward, upwards and inward c. Masseter d. Orbicularis oris
b. Outward, inward and upwards
c. Upwards, outward, and inward 87. Beyron point is located at :
d. Upwards, inward and outward a. 13 mm anterior to posterior margin of tragus on a line
from center of tragus to outer canthus
78. Average available denture bearing area for edentulous b. 11 mm anterior to posterior margin of tragus on a line
mandible is from parallel to and 7 mm below FHP
a. 10cm2 b. 12.25cm2 c. 10 mm anterior to posterior margin of tragus on a line
c. 14cm2 d. 16cm2 from center of tragus to couter canthus
d. 13 mm anterior to tragus on a line from base of tragus
79. Retromylohyoid fossa is an area posterior to mylohyoid to outer canthus
muscle and is bounded by retromylohyoid curtain in
edentulous mandible. Its posterolateral portion overlies 88. Relining is done to :
a. Superior constrictor muscle. b. Palatoglossus muscle a. Correct base tissue relationship
c. Submandibular gland. d. Mylohyoid muscle b. Correct occlusion
c. Provide retention
80. In international prosthodontic workshop on complete d. Following denture failure due to porosity
denture occlusion at university of michigan in 1972, an
articulator classification was developed, based on 89. Which of the following is the best patient?
instruments function. According to this classification a. Skeptical
articulator that can accept face bow transfer records is b. Philosophical
a. Class I b. Class II A c. Critical
c. Class II B d. Class III d. Indifferent
81. A fully adjustable articulator should be able to accept 90. A patient with a rational, sensible, calm and composed
how many of THESE FIVE records - Facebow record, disposition is :
centric j-r record, protrusive record, lateral record, a. An exacting patient
intercodylar distance record b. A hysterical patient
a. 2 b. 3 c. An indifferent patient
c. 4 d. 5 d. A philosophical patient

91. When interdental contact points of cast restorations are 96. Three phases of organic occlusion are all of the following
placed too far incisally or occlusally all of the following EXCEPT
are observed as EXCEPT a. The posterior teeth should protect the anterior teeth in
a. Crest of gingival is far from contact and invites caries of centric occlusal position.
proximal surface b. Maxillary incisors should have vertical overlap
b. Prevents proper amount of food from being pushed into sufficient to provide separation of posterior tooth during
embrasures incisal edge to edge contact.
c. Buccal or lingual embrasures are narrow, produces c. In excessive lateral mandibular movements the cuspids
inefficient mastication should prevent contact of all other teeth.
d. Food lodgement in open contact area gingival d. Teeth move in relation to each other as guided by the
problems and caries condylar controls
92. Which of the following is NOT a difference between 97. Which of the following statement about face-bow is
centric occlusion and centric relation INCORRECT
a. Centric relation is a bone to bone relationship where as a. The arbitrary face-bow is placed on the face with the
centric occlusion is the relationship of upper and lower condyle rods located approximately over the condyles.
teeth to each other. b. The kinematic face-bow is so designed that the opening
b. Centric relation is established for denture occlusion where axis of the mandible can be located more accurately,
as centric occlusion is present in natural dentition. c. The fork of kinematic face-bow is attached to the
c. In natural dentition both may not coincide because of maxillary occlusion rim.
habitual occlusion. d. Kinematic face-bow is generally used for fabrication of
d. In natural dentition the centric occlusion is usually F.P.D & full mouth rehabilitation.
posterior to centric relation (0.5 to 1 mm).
98. Which of the following statement about Bennett
93. Which of the following is NOT a significance of centric Movement is INCORRECT
relation a. It is the bodily lateral movement or lateral
a. This position is more constant and definite than vertical
dimension, and is independent of the presence or
shift of mandible resulting from the
absence of teeth movements of the condyles
b. Errors in mounting casts on articulator can be detected b. It is recorded in the region of the translating condyle of
when centric relation is used as the horizontal reference non- working side.
position. c. The Mandible shifts 1 to 4 mm towards working side in
c. An accurate centric relation orients the upper cast to the lateral movement called Bennett movement.
opening axis of the articulator and the mandible. d. Bennett Movement is affected by Contraction of
d. Accurately recorded centric relation aids in proper temporalis.
adjustments of condylar guidances for control of
eccentric movements. 99. Bennett Angle is the angle formed between the
a. Path of the non-working condyle and the sagittal plane.
94. Which theory of occlusion proposes that the teeth move b. Path of the non-working condyle and the coronal plane.
in relation to each other as guided by the condylar c. Path of the working condyle and the sagittal plane.
controls and the incisal point and there is a 4 inch d. Path of the working condyle and the coronal plane.
distance between the condyles and between condyles and
incisor point 100. Average Bennett angle is
a. Bonwill's Theory of Occlusion a. 3.5 to 7.8 degree.
b. Conical Theory of Occlusion b. 3.5 to 9.5 degree.
c. Organic Concept of Occlusion c. 7.5 to 12.8 degree.
d. Neutrocentric Concept of Occlusion d. 12.5 to 14.8 degree.
95. Which of the following articulators is NOT correctly

matched with its theory of occlusion on which it is based
a. Hageman balancer based on Spherical Concept of
Occlusion
b. Mean value articulator based on Bonwill's Theory of
Occlusion
c. Hall automatic articulator based on Conical Theory of
Occlusion
d. Maxillomandibular instrument based on organic
occlusion

AHEAD Tests and Discussions COMPLETE DENTURE
1. Ans d: REQUIREMENTS OF COMPLETE DENTURE OCCLUSION
Stability of occlusion at centric relation position.
Balanced bilateral occlusal contacts for all eccentric mandibular movements.
Unlocking the cusps mesiodistally to allow settling of the bases due to tissue deformation and bone resorption.
Control of horizontal force by buccolingual cusp height reduction.
Anterior incisal clearance during all posterior masticatory function.
Minimum occlusal contact areas for reduced pressure.
Generous sluice-ways (Anatomic tooth forms)
The requirement of complete denture occlusion is divided into three units as:
a. Incising,
b. Working
c. Balancing.
2. Ans a 3. Ans d 4. Ans d
5. Ans a.: Protrusive interocclusal record is defined as, "The influence of the contacting surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary
anterior teeth during mandibular movements".GPT
Materials used as interocclusal check records are:
Waxes Impression compound
Zinc oxide eugenol
Impression plaster
6. Ans a
7. Ans d: Condylar guidance is defined as, "Mandibular guidance generated by the condyle and articular disc traversing the contour
of the glenoid fossa."GPT. The glenoid fossa and the condyle are the articulating surfaces of the temporomandibular joint.
The slope of the glenoid fossa is a 'S' bend. Hence, the condyle also moves along a 'S' shaped path. This shape of the glenoid
fossa, which determines the path of movement of the condyle, is called the condylar guidance.
8. Ans. B (Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg-176 & Winkler 2nd Ed Pg-50): The denture should be shaped and polished such that the
tongue and cheek tends to seat rather than unseat the dentures. If the posterior teeth are too wide buccolingualy the tongue and
cheeks will unseat the dentures.
Wright's classification of tongue positions:
Class I Tongue lies in the floor of the mouth with tip forward and slightly below the incisal
edges of the mandibular anterior teeth. Ideal position of the tongue.
Class II The tongue is flattened and broadened but the tip is in a normal position.
Class III The tongue is retracted and depressed into the floor of the mouth, with the tip curled
upward or assimilated into the body of the tongue.
9. Ans. A (Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg-151) The compact bone in combination with tightly attached dense sub-mucosa and
keratinized mucosa makes the alveolar ridge area resistant to occusal forces.
Primary Stress-bearing Areas
Name of the Area Anatomy & Histology of the Area Reasoning and Concept
Most of the hard palate Compact bone made up of haversian Resistance to resorption
systems
The residual ridge The fibrous connective tissue covering Firmness and positions.
the crest of the residual alveolar ridge
10. Ans. D: From cuspid to cuspid, the rim is inclined slightly forward remaining within the border of the recording base. Posterior
to cuspid area, the rims should be located over the centre of the crest of the ridge.
11. Ans a: House's classification of tongue size:

Class I Normal size, development and function. Sufficient teeth are present to maintain this
normal form.
Class II Teeth have been absent long enough to permit a change in the form and function of
tongue.
Class III Excessively large tongue.
12. Ans a 13. Ans d

14. Ans b: In protrusion, a vertical drop of the mandible takes place by a distance which is equal to the depth of the anterior
overbite. This was first noticed by Christensen and is called Christensens
phenomenon. In protrusion the mandibular movement is guided by: Condylar path posteriorly. Movement of lower anteriors
against palatal inclines of maxillary anteriors in front. In lateral movements, the mandible is guided by: Path of moving
condyle. Inclined planes of the teeth on the side of the movement of the mandible.
15. Ans. c: It usually is 2 to 4 mm when observed at the position of the first premolars.
16. Ans d
17. Ans. d: The maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their
respective discs with the complex in the anterosuperior position against the shapes of the articular eminences.
18. Ans. a 19. Ans. a
20. Ans. a: Centric occlusion can be made to coincide with centric relation to provide a broad area of tooth contact - Freedom in
centric in dentures. In natural dentition it may not coincide because of habitual occlusion.
FREEDOM IN CENTRIC : Either centric occlusion can be made to coincide with centric relation or range of tooth contact in
this area called relation or a range of tooth contact in this area called freedom in centric can be given. In centric occlusion only
the working occlusal units are in contact. The first bicuspids, the cuspids and the incisors have at least 1 milinetre clearance
when the teeth are in centric occlusion In the mediolateral direction the buccal surfaces of the posterior teeth that extend over
the lateral half of the residual alveolar ridge are ground to have at least 1 milimetre clearance with their antagonists.
21. Ans a: In natural tooth interferences in CR initiates impulses that direct mandible away from
deflective contacts into CO. Once tooth is lost there are no proprioceptive impulses to guide the mandible away from deflective
contacts and hence centric occlusion cannot be reproduced by the patient.
22. Ans. d: In natural dentition the centric occlusion is usually anterior to centric relation (0.5 to 1 mm).
23. Ans a: It's a position from which all other eccentric movements occur. It's an intersection of right and left border position.
Helps in remounting procedures to correct occlusal discrepancies by selective grinding, Dentist is able to verify the relationship
of casts on articulator.
24. Ans. a 25. Ans. a 26. Ans d 27. Ans. a
28. Ans. a If the anterior teeth necessitates a vertical overlap, compensating horizontal overlap should be set to prevent anterior
interference from upsetting the occlusal balance on the posterior teeth.
29. Ans. C [Ref. Bouchers 10 Ed Pg-224] Passive impression or mucostatic or pressure less impression technique records the
tissues with iminimal distrortion and cause least possible displacement of tissues. There will be large amount of space between
the tray and soft tissues and it uses very fluid type of impression material.
Impression plaster is the common material used in this technique.

Impression Mucostatic or passive impression Mucocompressive impression Selective pressure
technique techniques: technique: impression technique:
Proposed by Proposed by Richardson and Henry Proposed by Carole Jones. Proposed by Boucher.
page.
State of the Impression is made when the oral Records oral tissues in a functional Impression is made to
oral mucous membrane and jaws are in and displaced form. extend over as much denture
mucous normal relaxed condition. bearing area as possible
membrane without interfering with the
at the limiting structures at
time of function and rest.
impression
Tray used Utilizes an oversized tray. Special tray without any spacer for Designing special tray such
relief. that the tissues contacted by
the tray are recorded under
pressure and the tissues not
contacted with the tray are
recorded at a state of rest.
Resulting It results in a denture which provides Dentures made by this technique tend It confines the forces acting
denture intimate with tissues but has poor to get displaced due to the tissue on the denture to the stress
peripheral seal. Dentures have good rebound at rest. It also leads to bearing areas.
stability but poor retention. residual ridge resorption.
30. Ans. a
Lingualized occlusion:
It was proposed by Gysi and Payne
According to this the maxillary lingual cusps are the main functional occlusal elements.
This type of occlusion involves the use of a large upper palatal cusp against a wide lower central fossa.
31. Ans. a: Buccolingually the lingual cusps of the mandibular teeth are located within a line drawn from the distal of canine to the
buccal and lingual sides of the retromolar pad. The maxillary posterior teeth are set with the palatal cusp in the central groove
of the mandibular tooth. The maxillary buccal cusp are elevated off the occlusal plane more as one moves posteriorly.
32. Ans a: It is defined as the lower teeth moving over the surface of the upper teeth as over the surface of a sphere with a diameter
8 inches (20 cm). Centre of the sphere being the centre of glabella and the surface of the sphere passes through the Glenoid
fossa. This theory was based on the findings of Von Spee.
Theory of Proposed by Definition Concept of theory Articulator based on
occlusion theory
Spherical Concept (Monson in It is defined as the lower Centre of the sphere being the centre Maxillomandibular
of Occlusion: 1918) teeth moving over the of glabella and the surface of the instrument and Hageman
surface of the upper teeth sphere passes through the Glenoid balancer.
as over the surface of a fossa. This theory was based on the
sphere with a diameter of findings of the Von Spee.
8 inches (20 cm). anteroposterior and mesiodistal
inclines of the artificial teeth should
arranged in harmony with a
spherical surface.
Bonwills Theory (WGA Teeth move in relation to In this theory there is a 4 inch Mean value articulator
of Occlusion / Bonwill) each other as guided by distance between the condyles and
Theory of the condylar controls and between the condyles and incisor
Equilateral the incisal point point. It permits lateral movement
Triangle but as the condylar guidances are
not adjustable they move in a
horizontal plane.
Conical Theory of R. E. Hall Lower teeth will move This requires a 45 degree cusp Hall automatic
Occlusion over the surfaces of teeth to confirm to the concept of articulator
upper teeth as over the occlusion.
surface of a cone
generating an angle of 45
degree with central axis
of the cone tipped 45
degree to the occlusal
plane
33. Ans. b
34. Ans. c: INDICATIONS OF FACE - BOW

Cusp form teeth are used Interocclusal check records are used for verification of jaw
Balanced occlusion in centric position is desired positions
Definite cusp-fossa or cusp tip to cusp incline relations is To diagnose existing occlusion in patients mouth
desired
35. Ans. d
36. Ans. d
KINEMATIC FACE BOW ARBITRARY FACE BOW
Opening axis is located physiologically Axis is located using anatomic landmarks
Rotational points located by attaching to mandible as Centers of rotation are located 13mm anterior to EAM on
patient opens & closes his mouth . A pointer is adjusted lines towards outer canthus of eye
until axis of rotation is located
Used in F.P.D & full mouth rehabilitation Used in fabrication of complete dentures
Requires elaborate equipment & is time consuming
Locates the true hinge axis with exceptional accuracy Not as complicated as kinematic
Locates the rods within 5mm of true hinge axis

37. Ans. d 38. Ans. c
39. Ans. a: Bennet Movement is defined as the bodily lateral movement or lateral shift of mandible resulting from the movements
of the condyles the lateral inclines along the mandibular fossae in lateral jaw
movements. Recorded in the region of the translating condyle of non- working side.
Bennett Movement
It is defined as the bodily lateral movement or lateral shift of the mandible resulting from the movements of the condyles along
the lateral inclines along the mandibular fossae in lateral jaw movements.
Recorded in the region of the translating condyle of non-working side.
The mandible shifts 1 to 4 mm towards working side in lateral movement called Bennett movement.
If major part of Bennet movement occurs in first 4 mm it's called distributed side shift.
40. Ans a: The Mandible shifts 1 to 4 mm towards working side in lateral movement called Bennett movement.
If major part of Bennet movement occurs in first 4 mm it's called distributed side shift.
41. Ans. d
42. Ans a: Sagittal plane and the path of the advancing condyle during lateral mandibular movements as viewed in the horizontal
plane.
This angle is formed between the path of the non-working condyle and the sagittal plane.
Average Bennett angle is 7.5 to 12.8 degree.
In Hanau articulator it is calculated as L = H/8 + 12.
43. Ans. A: Bennett Angle: It is defined as the angle formed by the sagittal plane anil Ihtf path of the advancing condyle during
lateral mandiluilnl movements as viewed in the horizontal plane.
This angle is formed between the path of the non-woi kiii| condyle and the sagittal plane.
Average Bennett angle is 7.5 to 12.8 degree.
In Hanau articulator it is calculated as L = H/8 + 12.
44. Ans. d: Class III are instruments that simulate condylar pathways by average or mechanical equivalents for all or part of the
motion. Face-bower transfer is possible.
Classification of articulators:
Class I Simple holding instruments capable of accepting a single static registration.
Eg: Slab articulators. Hinge joint, Barndor, Gysi semplex
Class II Instruments that permit horizontal as well as vertical motion but do not
orient the motion of the TMJ via face bow transfer.
II a Eccentric motion permitted is based on average or arbitrary values.
Eg: Mean value articulator
II B Limited eccentric motion is possible based on theories of arbitrary motion.
Eg: Monson's, Hall's articulator
II C Limited eccentric motion is possible based on engraving records obtained
from the patient.
Eg: House's articulator
Class III Permit horizontal, vertical positions and also accept face bow transfer.
III A Accept a static protrusive registration and they use equivalents for other
types of motion.
Eg: Hanau H, Dentatus
III B They accept static lateral registration and they use equivalents for other
types of motion.
Eg: Ney, Teledyne Haunau University series, Trubite, Panadent
Class IV They accept 3-dimensional dynamic registrations.
IV A The condylar path registered cannot be modified.
Eg: TMJ articulator, stereograph.
IV B They allow customization of the condylar path.
Eg: Stuart instrument gnathoscope, Pantograph.
45. Ans. b.

46. Ans.c: In 1972, Ellesworth Kelly observed that all patients wearing an upper complete denture against lower posterior
Removable partial denture exhibited similar symptoms. He termed the syndrome as combination syndrome. Otherwise called
Kelly's syndrome/anterior-post combination syndrome.
47. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 12 Ed Pg-239] : The retromolar pad must be covered by denture to perfect the border seal in this
region. This area contains glandular tissue and fibres of temporalis tendon, buccinator, and superior pharyngeal constrictor and
pterygomandibular raphae. All these limiting structures prevent placement of extra pressure on retromolar pad during
impression procedures.
Retromolar pad is a pear pad which forms the posterior seal of the mandibular denture.
It consists of -
Glandular tissue
Fibres of temporalis posteriorly, buccinator laterally and medially by the pterygomandibular raphae and superior
constrictor.
These muscles limit the denture extent and prevents the placement of extra pressure during impression making.
Hence denture base should extend only one half to two third over the retromolar pad.
Pterygomandibular raphae is the tendinous insertion of superior constrictor and buccinator. It arises from the
hamular process of medial pterygoid and gets attached to the mylohyoid ridge.
48. Ans. d
Freeway space
Described by Thompson and Niswonger
It establishes vertical dimension when the muscles and mandible are in rest position
It is static position established when muscles are in state of rest.

It is about 2-4 mm when measured in the premolar area
The free way space increases when there is reduced vertical dimension.
49. Ans. a. The interocclusal distance is 2 to 4 mm when observed position of the first premolars.
FREEWAY SPACE
Free-way space
THIS SPACE IS WEDGED SHAPED . IT VARIES FROM 1- 7 mm AND THE NORMAL RANGE IS AS MEASURED AT
FIRST PREMOLAR REGION ARE
CLASS I 2 4 mm
CLASS II > 4 mm
CLASS III < 1 mm
IT IS BETTER KEPT GREATER THAN SMALLER. THE IOG MAY BE KEPT MORE FOR PEOPLE WITH GREATER
SPEAKING NEEDS.
50. Ans b: This is similar to the monoplane occlusion used to set non-anatomic teeth. The neutrocentric concept of occlusion
maintains that anteroposterior plane of occlusion should be parallel with plane of the denture foundation and not inclined to
form compensating curves. In a mediolateral direction the teeth are set flat with medial or lateral inclination. The horizontal
condylar guidances and the lateral condylar guidances of the articulator are set at zero as the teeth are not arranged for
balancing contacts. The condylar elements of the articulator may be secured function in the opening and closing
movements. To direct force toward the centre of the support. The buccolingual width of the teeth is reduced and the number of
teeth is reduced to direct the forces in the molar and bicuspid area of support.

51. Ans. A
52. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed. Pg-239, Winkler 2nd Ed. Pg-90
Retromolar pad
a) Gives peripheral seal of lower denture.
b) Gives distal extension limit.
c) Gives height of occlusal plane.
d) Relieving area since it contains 3 muscles and Acids in stability of denture.
Through retromolar pad provides stability, support and retention, the main objective of covering it is retention.
53. Ans. A
54. Ans. A: Anteroposterior Compensating Curves
They compensate for the curve of Spee seen in natural dentition and incorporated in a anteroposterior direction.
Curve of Spee is defined as, Anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of the teeth beginning at the tip of the lower canine
and following to the buccal cusps of natural premolars and molars, continouing to the anterior border of the ramus as described
by Graf von Spee GPT. It is an imaginary curve joining the buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth starting from the
canine passing through the head of the condyle.
Significance: In protrusion the posterior teeth arranged incorporating this curve will remain in contact without dissocclusion as
in Christensens phenomenon.
55. Ans. D [Ref. Bouchers 12th ED Pg-247] Anteriorly the lingual flange is determined by genioglossus, by mylohyoid in molar
region and by superior constrictor and palatoglossus in the posterior region.
The lingual flange of lower denture is limited by
In the anterior region by

Genioglossus
In the middle region by Mylohyoid
In the posterior region by Palatoglossus and superior constrictor
56. Ans. D 57. Ans. A
58. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg -157]

Muscles limiting the denture borders
Distobuccal flange of the mandibular denture is limited by Masseter
Distobuccal flange of the maxillary dentures is limited by Coronoid process
Ramus
Masseter
Pterygomandibular raphae is formed by fibres of Buccinator
Superior constrictor
Retromolar pad contains the fibres of Temporalis
Buccinator
Superior constrictor
Pterygomandibular raphae
59. Ans. A
60. Ans. D
61. Ans. A [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed Pg -239]: Labial flange of mandible determined by buccinator and masseter. The action of
buccinator occurs in a horizontal direction, so it cannot lift the denture. The distobuccal borders of mandible must converge
rapidly to avoid displacement of denture because of masseter muscle action.
62. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed Pg -217, 342 & Winkler 2nd Ed Pg- 108]
The fovea palatines are indentation near midline of the palate formed by coalescence of several mucous gland ducts. They are
always on the soft palate 2 mm behind the vibrating line.
63. Ans. A
64. Ans. D
a) Philosophical (ideal attitude) Accept the judgement of dentist without question.
b) Indifferent Little concern for their oral health and seeks treatment because of their families.
Requires some more time to understand and their attitude is very discouraging
to dentists.
c) Critical / Exacting Previously has many CD sets and finds fault with everything.
Medical consultation is always advisable.
d) Skeptical / Hysterical Previously had bad results with treatment and are doubtful about everything.
These are in poor oral health with resorbed ridges and other unfavourable
conditions.
65. And. A [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed Pg 262 & Winkler 2nd Ed Pg 141]: The plane of occlusion is modified it is parallel with
ala-tragus line or campers line and the edge of occlusal rim should be inch below stensons duct. When viewed from the
front, the occlusal plane should be parallel to nter papillary plane and the edge of rim should be 1 to 2 mm below the lower
edge of upper lip.
66. Ans. A: Classification of soft palates:

Class I It is horizontal and demonstrates little Soft palate makes a 30 angle to It is the most favourable
muscular movement. the hard palate condition as it allows more
tissue coverage for the palatal
seal.
Class II Tissue coverage for posterior palatal seal is Soft palate makes a 45 angle to Less favourable than class I
less than that of a class I condition the hard palate soft palate
Class III Tissue coverage for posterior palatal seal is Soft palate makes a 70 angle to Least favourable for denture
minimum. A 'V shaped palatal vault is the hard palate. retention and support due to
usually associated with a class III soft palate. minimum tissue coverage.
67. Ans. A: Wright's classification of tongue positions:

Class I Tongue lies in the floor of the mouth with tip forward and slightly below the incisal
edges of the mandibular anterior teeth. Ideal position of the tongue.
Class II The tongue is flattened and broadened but the tip is in a normal position.
Class III The tongue is retracted and depressed into the floor of the mouth, with the tip curled
upward or assimilated into the body of the tongue.
68. Ans. C
69. Ans. C: FREEDOM IN CENTRIC: Either centric occlusion can be made to coincide with centric relation or range of tooth
contact in this area called relation or a range of tooth contact in this area called freedom in centric can be given. In centric
occlusion only the working occlusal units are in contact. The first bicuspids, the cuspids and the incisors have at least 1
milinetre clearance when the teeth are in centric occlusion In the mediolateral direction the buccal surfaces of the posterior teeth
that extend over the lateral half of the residual alveolar ridge are ground to have at least 1 milimetre clearance with their
antagonists.
70. Ans. B
71. Ans. A
Impression Mucostatic or passive Mucocompressive Selective pressure
technique impression techniques: impression technique: impression technique:
Proposed by Proposed by Richardson and Proposed by Carole Proposed by Boucher.
Henry page. Jones.
State of the oral Impression is made when the oral Records oral tissues in a Impression is made to extend
mucous membrane mucous membrane and jaws are functional and displaced over as much denture bearing
at the time of in normal relaxed condition. form. area as possible without
impression interfering with the limiting
structures at function and
rest.
Tray used Utilizes an oversized tray. Special tray without any Designing special tray such
spacer for relief. that the tissues contacted by
the tray are recorded under
pressure and the tissues not
contacted with the tray are
recorded at a state of rest.
Resulting denture It results in a denture which Dentures made by this It confines the forces acting
provides intimate with tissues but technique tend to get on the denture to the stress
has poor peripheral seal. displaced due to the tissue bearing areas.
Dentures have good stability but rebound at rest. It also
poor retention. leads to residual ridge

resorption.
72. Ans. B
73. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg 259]
74. Ans. A: (P-66 Nallaswami) There should be at least 2-3 mm clearance between the stock tray and the ridge. It should have 5-6
mm clearance for impression compound.
75. Ans. A 76. Ans. A
77. Ans. A: For maxillary impression labial flange is recorded by pulling the lip outward, downward & inwards.
78. Ans. B: Size of maxillary denture bearing area is about 22.96 cm2 & size of mandibular denture bearing area about 12.25
cm2.
79. Ans. A: (P-57 Nallaswamy) It belongs to the posterior part of the alveo lingual sulcus. It lies posterior to mylohyoid muscle.
This fossa is bounded anteriorly by retromylohyoid curtain, posterolaterally by superior constrictor of pharynx, posteromedially
by the palatoglossus and lateral surface of tongue & inferiorly by submandibular gland.
80. Ans. D: Class I These are simple articulator capable of accepting a single static registration only vertical motion is possible.
Eq. Slab articulator, Barndoor articulator.
Class II These articulator permit horizontal & vertical movements but they do not accept face bow. Eg- Mean value, Hall
articulator.
Class III These articulator accept face bow transfer, but they can not allow total customization of condylar pathways.
81. Ans. D: (P-158 Nallaswamy): Fully adjustable articulator are Stuart instrument inatnoscope, simulator by E.Granger
82. Ans. A: Semi adjustable articulator accept facebow, centric jaw relation & protrusive records while fully adjustable articulator
accept face bow, centric, protrusive & lateral jaw records.
83. Ans. D 84. Ans. D 85. Ans. C
86. Ans. C [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed Pg 263]

Modiolus is a point where eight muscles meet at the ANGLE OF MOUTH
Depressor anguli oris (or) triangularis
Llevator anguli orris or caninus Zygomaticus major
Risorius Quadratus labii superioris
Orbicularis oris Quadratus labii inferioris
Buccinator
87. Ans. A [Ref. Boucher 12th Ed Pg-287]: The first step in placing a face bow is to locate the hinge axis on the skin on the each
side of the patients face. One frequently recommended method is to position the condyl rods on a line extending from the
counter canthus of the eye to the top of the tragus of the ear and approximately 13 mm in front of the external auditory meatus
is called Beyron Point. This placement generally located the rods within 5 mm of the true center of the opening axis of the
jaws.
The imaginary line joining the two Beyron point is an approximate hinge axis.
88. Ans. A [Ref. Winkler 2nd Ed pg 341]

Relining is the process of adding some material to the tissue side of a denture to fill the space between the tissue and the
denture base. Thus relining is the correction of denture base and tissue relationship without changing the occlusal relation.
Rebasing is process of replacing all the material of the denture. The main disadvantage of relining and rebasing the complete
denture is change in centric relation.
89. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg 75]

House classification of patients depending on mental attitudes.
a) Philosophical (ideal attitude) Accept the judgement of dentist without question.
b) Indifferent Little concern for their oral health and seeks treatment because of their families.
Requires some more time to understand and their attitude is very discouraging
to dentists.
c) Critical / Exacting Previously has many CD sets and finds fault with everything.
Medical consultation is always advisable.
d) Skeptical / Hysterical Previously had bad results with treatment and are doubtful about everything.
These are in poor oral health with resorbed ridges and other unfavourable
conditions.
90. Ans. D [Ref. Heartwell 5th Ed Pg 131]

The best mental attitude for denture acceptance is the philosophical type. These patients are rational, sensible, calm and
composed in difficult situations. Their motivation is generalized as they desire dentures for the maintenance of the health and
for appearance and feel that having teeth replaced is a normal, acceptable procedure. Philosophical patients overcome conflicts
and organize their time and habits, in an orderly manner. Also, they eliminate frustration and learn how to adjust properly.
91. Ans. D
92. Ans. D: In natural dentition, the centric occlusion is usually anterior to centric relation (0.5 to 1mm)
93. Ans. C: Cetric relation is bone to bone relation, while centric occlusion is tooth to tooth relation. It orient the mandibular cost
to the opening axis of the articulator while as in (c) face bow orients the maxillary cast to the opening axis of the articulator.
94. Ans. A: Bonwills theory of occlusion, Mean value articulator based on this theory of occlusion.
95. Ans. D: Maxillomandibular instrument based on ability to simulate jaw movement.
96. Ans. D: Organic occlusion is also known as mutually protected occlusion or canine guided occlusion.
97. Ans. C: (P-126 Nallaswamy) Kinemetic face bow locate hinge axis more accurately than arbitrary face bow in kinematic face
bow bite fork is attached to maxillary occlusal rim both face bow record orientation jaw relation.
98. Ans. D: (P-113 Nallasawamy) It is the bodily lateral movement or lateral shift of the mandible resulting from the movements
of the condyles along the lateral inclines along the mandibular fossa in lateral jaw movement GPT. It is a bodily side shift
(laterlal translation) of the mandible, which when it occurs may be recorded in the region of translating condyle of non working
side during lateral movement, the mandible shift (as a whole) by 1 to 4 mm towards the working side. This shift is called
Bennett movement. This shift is not associated with laterotussion and may occur before or along with laterotrusion.
99. Ans. A: (P-116 Nallaswamy) Bennett angle is the angle formed by intersection of the protrusive and nonworking side condylar
paths as viewed in the sagittal plane.
100. Ans. C: (P-116 Nallaswamy) Bennett angle is formed by the sagittal plane & the path of the advancing condyle (non working
condyle) during lateral mandibular movement as viewed in the horizontal plane GPT. Studies have shown that variation in the
direction of progressive lateral translation or Bennett angle to be about 7.5 to 12.8o. To calculate the Bennett angle in a hanaus
articulator, Hanau proposed the following equation:
Bennett angle (L) = H/8 +12 where H is the horizontal condylary inclination.


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AHEAD Test and Discussions COMPLETE DENTURE

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 1

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 2

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 3

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 4

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 5

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 6

95. Which of the following articulators is NOT correctly

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 7

2. Ans a 3. Ans d 4. Ans d

11. Ans a: House's classification of tongue size:

12. Ans a 13. Ans d

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 8

18. Ans. a 19. Ans. a

24. Ans. a 25. Ans. a 26. Ans d 27. Ans. a

Impression plaster is the common material used in this technique.

34. Ans. c: INDICATIONS OF FACE - BOW

Locates the rods within 5mm of true hinge axis

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 11

It is static position established when muscles are in state of rest.

Academy of Higher Education and Advancements in Dentistry (A.H.E.A.D) 12

The lingual flange of lower denture is limited by

In the anterior region by

56. Ans. D 57. Ans. A

58. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg -157]

66. Ans. A: Classification of soft palates:

67. Ans. A: Wright's classification of tongue positions:

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73. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg 259]

75. Ans. A 76. Ans. A

83. Ans. D 84. Ans. D 85. Ans. C

86. Ans. C [Ref. Bouchers 12th Ed Pg 263]

88. Ans. A [Ref. Winkler 2nd Ed pg 341]

89. Ans. B [Ref. Bouchers 10th Ed Pg 75]

90. Ans. D [Ref. Heartwell 5th Ed Pg 131]

95. Ans. D: Maxillomandibular instrument based on ability to simulate jaw movement.

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