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Sara Jameson

Mrs. Stevens & Mrs. Radcliffe

Physical Science

13 January 2017

How Does Music Affect the Force of a Kick?

People began playing soccer way before balls were made. According to a medieval

legend soccer started between two villages with an animal skull as a ball. A person from a village

kicks the skull along the path to the other village near a village square. The other village kicks it

back the same way, it said to have caused riots(History). Soccer has been played for years and

years. Though the basics of the game remain the same, many things about the sport have changed

throughout time, such as the inclusion of music during soccer games and practices. Because of

this, I predict that if I play three different types of music and kick the ball, then the rock music

will produce more force for the ball.

What Are the Differences Between the Country, Rock and Classical Music?

Country music is different from the other music types because the vocalist is in the front

of the instruments throughout. Since the country singers are in the front, they are always audible

(Bjorke). Rock is different because it is a mix of other genres. It adapts to the world mostly with

all of the different genres. Some of the rock songs seem to have a political port for it (Rock). Its

easily recognized, or seen, by big drums, guitars and verse-chorus (Miller). Classical music has

meaningful words. When the composer writes the piece, he writes the exact notes and

instruments (Bernstein).

How Does Music Affect Athletic Performance?

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And Do Certain Tempos Have a Greater Effect?

Music affects the endorphin system by triggering an endorphin release from the physical

performance of music. The outcome is a bit positive, but for sure is not negative (Dunbar). More

beats per minute cause a more positive affect because it makes your brain move faster. Thats

why fast tempos are more liked than slower ones. Fast tempos usually make you feel good

during a performance. Some of the effect will be based around what the subject is doing

(Hudson). According to Brandy Kraemer, Beats per minute (abbreviated BPM) is the number of

times a beat is repeated in one minute. He alsoexplains, BPM expresses the tempo of a song,

and is indicated in notation above the very first measure (Kraemer).

What Are the Effects of Headphones and Speakers?

There are not a lot of facts about music improving concentration. Sue Shellenbarger says,

Listening to music with lyrics was linked to lower scores on tests of concentration study of 102

college students. In a test, workers who had strong feelings for music being played when they

were working scored lowest on attention tests while workers without any strong feelings about

the music or had no music had higher scores. Even though the workers who liked listening to

music while they work, they still got lower scores. If a person does listen to music, songs with no

lyrics are the best, especially for a sound blocker. When the brain listens to catchy lyrics, its

forcing itself to not process any strong effects. They say music draws attention away so that

could be a reason for the low test scores. Headphones block out sounds while speakers let you

process other things (Shellenbarger).

How Does the Air Pressure of a Ball Affect the Distance a Ball Travels?

Inflating a soccer ball too much will affect your play. When the ball is inflated too much,
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it becomes harder (Reid). If the ball has higher amounts of pressure, it goes farther. When it gets

kicked, energy is transferred to the ball. If the ball has less amount of pressure, the ball will go a

shorter distance. The energy when it gets kicked lowers on a deformed ball (Zehour). The lower

the friction is, the farther the ball will go. Atmospheric pressure might affect the distance your

kick (Gerhard).

Are Different Types of Soccer Balls Used for Different Reasons?

Premium match balls are used for the best FIFA games. Match balls are used for college

or high schoolers. Training balls are used for a variety of field types and are very durable. Turf

balls are made for new generations fields and turf fields. Indoor balls are made to have slightly

less rebound. Fustal balls are small but are the same weight as a size 5 ball and you have better

control. Beach and street soccer balls are used for beach and street. Mini/Skills ball to practice

tricks with(Reid).

How Do You Accurately Measure the Force at Which a Ball is Kicked?

Force is a measurement that is used to know how hard something is hit. In order to

determine the amount of force on an object you need to use a formula. To determine the total

force on an object, you take the mass of the object and multiply it by its acceleration.

Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared. The unit used to measure force is a

Newton. The Newton is named after Isaac Newton. One Newton equals one kilogram times

meters per second squared. For example if an object has a mass of 18.46 kg and an acceleration

of 19.39 m/s the total force would be 357.93 Newtons (Mighty).

If I play three different types of music and kick the ball, then the rock music will produce

more force for the ball. Music has not been the only change to the game of soccer since its
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beginning. The balls have also changed quite drastically. Originally, the Chinese made balls out

of pig bladder in a game that was similar to soccer. Some were made out of animal skulls and

even human heads. The soccer ball evolved, and in 1855 Charles Goodyear invented the first

rubber soccer ball. The soccer ball still continues to evolve and change in different ways

(History).
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Works Cited

Bernstein, Leonard. "Leonard Bernstein -- Young People's Concerts." Leonard Bernstein --

Young People's Concerts. The Leonard Bernstein Office, Inc, 2008. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.

Bjorke, Matt. "Editorial: What Makes A Song A Country Music Song? | RoughStock."

RoughStock. RoughStock, 8 Mar. 2010. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.

Dunbar, R.I.M., Kostas Kaskatis, Ian MacDonald, and Vinnie Barra. "Performance of Music

Elevates Pain Threshold and Positive Affect: Implications for the Evolutionary Function

of Music." Performance of Music Elevates Pain Threshold and Positive Affect:

Implications for the Evolutionary Function of Music. SAGE Publications, Inc., 01 Oct.

2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2016.

Gerhard, Muriel. "Soccer Physics: Does the Amount of Air Inside the Ball Affect How Far It

Goes?" Soccer Science Fair Project: Air Pressure & Distance Experiment.

Education.com, Inc, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.

Hudson, P., B. Edwards, and J. Waters. "Effects of Music Tempo upon Submaximal Cycling

Performance." - Waterhouse. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 28 Sept. 2009. Web. 01 Nov.

2016.

Kraemer, Brandy. "BPM | Music Glossaries." About.com Home. About, Inc., 01 Sept. 2016.

Web. 01 Nov. 2016.

Miller, By Nicholas. "Defining and Exploring the Different Genres of Music." Villanovan.

College Media Network, 2 Oct. 2014. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.

Reid, Chris. "Soccer Ball Guide | SOCCER.COM." SOCCERCOM Guide. Sports Endeavors,

Inc, 20 Sept. 2016. Web. 01 Nov. 2016.

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Shellenbarger, Sue. "How Headphones Affect Your Work." WSJ. Wsj.com, 28 May 2012. Web.

05 Nov. 2016.

"The History of the Soccer Ball." History. Right Tech, 2003. Web. 06 Jan. 2017.

"The Mighty F = Ma." Force, Mass, Acceleration. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2016.

"What Is Rock Music, Anyway?." What Is Rock Music. N.p., 20 Jan. 2001. Web. 07 Nov.

2016.

Zehour, Hassan. "Does the Amount of Air Inside the Ball Affect How Far It Goes?"

Academia.edu. Academia, 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.