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2
Miners Hypothesis
3
Fatigue Model
4
Erosion Model
P = rate of work
p = contact pressure (psi)
h = slab thickness (in)
k = modulus of subgrade reaction (psi/in)
C = 1.0 (granular subbase), 0.9 (stabilized subbase)
5
Erosion Model
6
Design Parameters
7
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
Design k Values for Untreated Subbases
8
Design Traffic Volume
V 365 ADT T D L G Y
9
Design Traffic Volume
AASHTO
V 365 ADT T Tf D L G
PCA
V 365 ADT T D L G Y
10
Growth Factor (AASHTO)
Design
Life
1 r 1
n
G
r
Annual
Growth
Rate
11
Growth Factor (AASHTO)
ADT
Area = ADT (G)
0 5 10 15 20 25
12
Growth Factor (PCA)
Design
Life
Y
G 1 r 2
Annual
Growth
Rate
13
Growth Factor (PCA)
ADT(G)
ADT
Area = ADT (G)(Y)
0 5 10 15 20 25
14
Lane Distribution Factor
(ADT) (D) (G)
15
Axle Load Spectrum
600
500
400
Frequency
300
200
100
0
3000-6999 7000-7999 8000- 12000- 16000- 18000- 20000- 22000- 24000- 26000-
11999 15999 17999 19999 21999 23999 25999 29999
Single Axle Load (lbs)
16
Axle Load Spectrum
250
200
150
Frequency
100
50
0
6000- 12000- 18000- 24000- 30000- 32000- 34000- 36000- 38000- 40000-
11999 17999 23999 29999 31999 33999 35999 37999 39999 41999
Tandem Axle Load (lbs)
17
Design Procedure
1. Choose a trial slab thickness (h).
2. For each axle load class:
a) Determine Ni for fatigue failure.
b) Divide ni by Ni to determine fatigue damage factor di.
c) Determine Ni for erosion failure.
d) Divide ni by Ni to determine erosion damage factor di.
3. Sum fatigue and erosion damage factors over all of the
axle load classes.
4. If both sums are less than 1 (life) your design is good;
otherwise you need to increase your slab thickness.
18
Example
Four-lane rural interstate
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Axle Load Spectrum
180
168.8
160
140
Axle Count per 1000 Trucks
120
100
80
60 53.9
38.8
40
28.2
21.7
20
9.8
5.9
2.8 1.4 0.6
0
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Single Axle Loads (kips)
20
Axle Load Spectrum
160
152.2
140
124.6
120 112.8
Axle Count per 1000 Trucks
100
90.5
85.5
81.4
80
60
40 34.3
20
11.5
3.9 2
0
16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
Tandem Axle Loads (kips)
21
Traffic Growth Multiplier
Y
G 1 r 1.04
10
2 1.5
22
Design Traffic Volume
V 365 ADT T D L G Y
23
Lane Distribution Factor
24
Design Traffic Volume
V 365 ADT T D L G Y
V = 10,880,000 trucks
25
Axle Load Spectrum
2,000,000
1,837,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
586,900
600,000
422,500
400,000 307,200
235,800
200,000 106,900
64,410 30,140 14,690 6,310
0
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
26
Axle Load Spectrum
1,800,000
1,656,000
1,600,000
1,400,000 1,356,000
1,227,000
1,200,000
984,900
1,000,000 930,700
885,800
800,000
600,000
372,900
400,000
200,000 124,900
42,870 21,320
0
16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
28
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
Design k Values for Untreated Subbases
29
30
31
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
32
Load Safety Factor
33
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
34
Equivalent Stress
Equivalent Stress No Concrete Shoulder Equivalent Stress Concrete Shoulder
(Single Axle / Tandem Axle) (Single Axle / Tandem Axle)
35
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206
0.317 206/MR
30 36.0 6310
36
37
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206
0.317
38
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206
0.317
39
40
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206
0.317
41
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
42
Equivalent Stress
Equivalent Stress No Concrete Shoulder Equivalent Stress Concrete Shoulder
(Single Axle / Tandem Axle) (Single Axle / Tandem Axle)
43
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192
0.295 192/MR
52 62.4 21,320
44
45
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192
0.295
46
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192
0.295
47
48
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192
0.295
49
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206
0.317
50
Erosion Factor
Erosion Factor Doweled Joints, Concrete Shoulder Erosion Factor No Dowels, Concrete Shoulder
(Single Axle / Tandem Axle) (Single Axle / Tandem Axle)
51
Erosion Factor
Erosion Factor Doweled Joints, No Concrete Shoulder Erosion Factor No Dowels, No Concrete Shoulder
(Single Axle / Tandem Axle) (Single Axle / Tandem Axle)
52
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206 2.59
0.317
53
Allowable Repetitions
Concrete Shoulder 54
Allowable Repetitions
No Concrete Shoulder 55
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206 2.59
0.317
56
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
206 2.59
0.317
192
0.295
58
Erosion Factor
Erosion Factor Doweled Joints, No Concrete Shoulder Erosion Factor No Dowels, No Concrete Shoulder
(Single Axle / Tandem Axle) (Single Axle / Tandem Axle)
59
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192 2.79
0.295
60
Allowable Repetitions
No Concrete Shoulder 61
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192 2.79
0.295
62
Design 1 Four-lane rural interstate, dowels, asphalt shoulder
9.5 X
130 X
650 20
1.2
192 2.79
0.295