1.1.2.

ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT (THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE)

este :
- a [\] - naintea cuvintelor care ncep cu consoan sau semiconsoan:
a dog [\ `dog]= un cine a wall [\ `wOl]= un zid/perete
a flower [\ `flau\]= o floare a year [\ `ji\] = un an
- an [\n] - naintea cuvintelor care ncep cu vocal:
an apple [\n `Epl]= un mr an eye [\n `ai] = un ochi
an ear [\n `i\]= o ureche an idea [\n ai`di\]= o idee

Articolul nehotrt introduce de obicei un element nou. El poate fi ntlnit :

- n faa substantivelor nsoite/precedate de adjective :
a good teacher = un profesor bun
a big house = o cas mare
a book of proverbs = o carte de proverbe
a house on fire = o cas n flcri
a little tea = puin/destul ceai
- n unele structuri :
a tobacconist's = o tutungerie a chemist 's = o farmacie
a baker's = o brutrie a stationer's = o papetrie
a greengrocer's = un aprozar once upon a time = a fost odat
a blue - eyed girl = o fat cu ochi albatri a grocer' s = o bcnie
a confectioner's = o cofetrie two/three at a time = cte doi/trei o dat
a jeweller's = un magazin de bijuterii

Articolul nehotrt are n unele cazuri funcie numeric:

a hundred = o sut
a thousand = o mie
two saucers and an ash-tray = dou farfurioare i o scrumier

1.1.3. ARTICOLUL ZERO (THE ZERO ARTICLE)

Articolul zero apare:

a) n nume de continente, ri, persoane, zilele sptmnii etc.
Exemple: Africa, Asia, America, Europe, England, France, Italy, Romania, Sunday, Alice, Bob, George, John, Mary,
Peter, Richard, William etc.

b) n faa subsantivelor folosite n sens general:

Children like sweets. = Copiilor le plac dulciurile.
Knowledge is power. = tiina nseamn putere.
Oil is lighter than water. = Uleiul este mai uor dect apa.
Boys like toys and lots of noise.= Bieilor le plac jucriile i mult zgomot.
c) n faa subsantivelor nenumrabile (uncountables):
Gold is yellow.= Aurul este galben.
This house is made of wood.= Aceast cas este fcut din lemn.

d) naintea substantivelor abstracte sau nume de materie: care, death, hatred, honesty, hunger, love, sand, salt, tea,
water etc.
Salt seasons all things. (prov.) = Sarea d gust tuturor lucrurilor.
Multe substantive abstracte apar n proverbe.
Hunger is the best sauce. = Foamea este cel mai bun buctar.

e) nume de: culori (white, black, yellow, red, green, brown, pink, violet, orange, blue, black), sporturi i jocuri
sportive (football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, tennis etc.), limbi (English, Romanian, German, French etc.), mese
(breakfast, snack, lunch, tea, dinner, supper).
 f) n unele expresii / structuri fixe, care trebuie memorate pentru evitarea greelilor.
after dark = dup lsarea ntunericului
after three o'clock = dup ora trei
after dinner = dup cin
day by day = zi de zi
drop by drop = strop cu strop
day after day = zi dup zi, zi de zi
from end to end = de la cap la cap
from first to last = de la primul la ultimul
from place to place = din loc n loc
from time to time = din cnd n cnd
good for food = comestibil
goods on sale = mrfuri/bunuri de vnzare
in general = n general
to learn by heart = a nva pe de rost
piece by piece = bucat cu bucat
Just in time = chiar la timp/moment
to leave for school = a pleca la coal
to keep in mind = a ine minte
to be on duty = a fi de serviciu
to go on foot = a merge pe jos
to put in order = a pune n ordine
to be in parliament = a fi n parlament
to go to bed = a merge la culcare
from London = de la Londra
to look for help/aid = a cuta ajutor
to pay on demand = a plti la cerere
from morning to night = de dimineaa pn seara
from beginning to end = de la nceput la sfrit
on certain conditions = cu anumite condiii
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