N200 - ELECTROLYTES

Hypernatre Hyponatre Hypokale Hyperkalemia Hypercalcem Hypocalcem Hypomagnes Hypermagnes

mia mia mia (greater than ia ia emia emia
5)
Signs and want confusion, Arrhythmi cardiac lethargy and weak bones, Neuromuscul Vasodilation,
Symptoms water, weakness, as, Leg arrhythmias, weakness, poor ar irritability nausea and
thirst, dry abdominal Cramps, arrest, muscle decrease in dentition, with tremors, vomiting,
and sticky cramping, Fatigue, weakness, reflexes, circumoral increased muscle
mucus more Lethargy, irregular bone pain, signs and reflexes, weakness or
membrane urination Decrease pulses, GI constipation, symptoms tachycardia, paralysis,
s (cracked to get rid Bowel Hyperactivity, kidney (numbness confusion, hypotension
tongue), of fluid to Sounds, Diarrhea, Renal stones, heart around disorientation and
weakness increase Depresse Failure (cant block mouth and , anorexia, bradycardia,
severe ratio d T-Wave excrete k+), fingers), dysphagia decreased
case = sodium, on EKG Hypoaldosteron severe (give them deep tendon
convulsions wanting ism, muscle seafood, reflexes, resp
, decrease salty food; cramping, beans for diet depression or
level of urine muscle replacement), coma
consciousn osmolality tremors, respiratory
ess is lower convulsions, difficulties
decrease Extreme
CO, cardiac Hypo:
dysthymias, Maternity
hyperactive patient with
deep convulsions
tendon
reflexes
(Tetany
Trosseau
and
Chavastic
(facial nerve
spasm)
Interventio restrict salt give Give limit k+ intake, limit calcium Diet: foods high in dont give
ns intake (no patient Food: increase fluids, intake, increase mag: green, foods high in
salt on table salt, potatoes, Give increase dairy intake, leafy, mag, give
tray), give bacon, carrots, Kayexolate fluid intake dark, green vegetables, fluids, safety
water, K+ ham, meats, Enema, K+ for fluid leafy fish, legumes, precautions
canned fish, diuerectic, intake, vegetables, whole grains, such as bed
foods tomato's, Dialysis (for increase Vitamin D DRIED FRUITS rest, fall
 N200 - ELECTROLYTES
avocados renal patient)
Resp Acidosis (pH
Decreases, CO2
Increases)
Signs and Symptoms or Hypoventilation, Patient
Patient does not ventilate
adequately, acute resp
diseases: pneumonia,
choking, asthma,
COPD/Emphysema, OD on
narcotics or sedatives,
Patients with brain injuries
that are affected to resp
center of brain, chest
injury during trauma
Manifestations headaches, dizziness,
convulsions, increased
pulse and resp rate, warm
and flushed skin,
fiber,
encourage
movement,
Diet
Changes:
Acid Ash
Diet
(Cranberries,
prunes)
prevents
stone
formation
Resp. Alkalosis (pH
increases, CO2 decreases)
Patient is hyperventilated
seen in patient on vent
whose lungs are being
overinflated, patient with
temp, patient with brain
stem injury, anyone with
increased BMR (athlete or
illness) or family member
who is freaking out
SOB, chest tightness,
circumoral parathesia,
difficulty concentrating,
restlessness,
supplement, (dont give precautions
Estrogen patient with (dont want
Replacemen dysphagia) them to lose
t for women consciousness
(risk of ), close
cancer), monitoring of
encourage vital signs
exercise
Metab. Acidosis (pH Metab. Alkalosis (pH
decreases, HCO2 increases, HCO3
decreases) increases)
Patients with: Renal decrease resp rate and
Disease, severe diarrhea, depth, circumoral
uncontrolled DM, parathesia, hypertonic
starvation, excessive muscles/tetany
infusion of chloride-
containing IV fluids,
Cardiac arrest patient
(heart and blood stop,
cant get rid of acids and
waste so they build up)
Kussmauls Resp deep vomiting or over
and rapid with fruity odor, suctioning (due to loss of
lethargy and confusion, bases), Excess use of K+,
headache and weakness, excessive Bicarb intake
nausea and vomiting, (most common way of
(drunk like even though getting Bicarb is antacid
they arent it kind of use)
 N200 - ELECTROLYTES
seems like they are)

Interventions Mechanically ventilated,
Deep Breathing,
Coughing, Chest Pt,
Bronchodilators, Reverse
drugs that they OD on,
increase fluids, frequently
re-assess
bag breathing, decrease Give insulin to diabetic, or IV fluids, monitor I&Os,
temp, get them to calm treat underlying cause monitor Vital signs closely,
down (distractions, guided (dialyse patient with renal treat underlying problem
imagery), if on vent failure), give them Bicarb,
decrease volume and
rate, use a re-breather
mask (instead of bag)