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MATHEMATICSFORM1

WHOLENUMBERS

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WHOLENUMBERS
1.Wholenumbersare0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,....

2.(Zero)isthefirstwholenumber.

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3.Wholenumberscanbewritteninwordsorfigures.

4.Eachwholenumberismadeupofthedigitsfrom0to9.

Forexample:

(a)304ismadeupofthedigits3,0and4.

Itisreadas'threehundredandfour'.

(b)4263ismadeupofthedigits4,2,6and3.

Itisreadas'fourthousandtwohundred

andsixtythree'

A)PlaceValueandValueofEachDigitinWholeNumbers.

1.Eachdigitinawholenumberhasitsownplacevalue.

2.Theplacevaluesforwholenumbersincludeunits(ones),

tens,hundred,thousand,hundred,thousand,tenthousand,

millionsandsoon.

3.Thevalueofadigitinawholenumberdependsonitsplacevalue.

5972436isreadas'fivemillionninehundredandseventyfour

thousandtwohundredandthirtysix.

WorkedExample

Writethefollowinginwords.

(a)530274

Solution

(a)fivehundredandthirtythousandtwohundredandseventyfour.

WorkedExample

Writethefollowinginfigures.
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(a)fivethousandsixhundredandtwentyfour.

Solution

(a)5624

WorkedExample

Statetheplacevalueofdigit7ineachofthefollowingnumbers.

(a)573(c)307842

(b)9704(d)7951650

Solution

(a)ten(c)thousand

(b)hundred(d)millions

WorkedExample

Statethevalueofdigit9ineachofthefollowingnumbers.

(a)391(c)29710

(b)9004(d)4951650

Solution

(a)90(c)9000

(b)9000(d)900000

B)RoundingoffNumbers
Anumbercanberoundedofftoacertainplacevaluebyfollowingthe

rulesbelow.Lookatthedigitontherightnexttotheplacevalueinvolved.

(a)Ifthedigitis5more,add1tothedigitattheplacevalueinvolvedand

replacealltheotherdigitsonitsrightwithzeros.

(b)Ifthedigitislessthan5,retainthedigitasitisattheplacevalue

involvedandreplacetheotherdigitsonitsrightwithzeros.

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c)Estimation
1.Inourdailylife,weuseestimationwhenanaccurateanswerisunnecessary.

2.Weoftenuseroundingofftogiveanestimationtotheactualvalue.

ADDITIONANDSUBTRACTION
OFWHOLENUMBERS.

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A)Addition
1.Additionisaprocessoffindingthetotaloftwoormorenumbers.

2.Thetotalisalsoknownasthesum.

Forexample:

Thesumof300and5000is5300.

3.Theorderofadditionofnumbersdoesnotchangesum.

4.Thesumofanynumberand0isthenumberitself.

Forexample:

(a)12+0=12

(b)0+6=6

5.Followthestepsbelowwhencarryingoutaddition.

Step1:Arrangethenumbersaccordingtotheirplacevalues.

Step2:Addfromrighttoleft.

B)ProblemSolvinginvolvingAddition
WorkedExample

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Thereare25apples,3760duriansand948orangesinMrTan'sstall.

Findthetotalnumberoffruitsinhisstall.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Numberofapples=25

Numberofdurian=3760

Numberoforanges=948

Find:Totalnumberoffruits

2.Deviseaplan

Useaddition.

3.Carryouttheplan

4.Check

Addagaintoseeiftheansweristhesame.

c)Subtraction
1.Subtractionisaprocessoffindingthedifferencebetweentwonumbers.

Forexample:

6520=45(Differenceorremainder)

2.Thedifferencebetweentwosamenumbersis0.

Forexample:

1919=0

3.Whenwesubtract0fromanumber,thenumberremainsthesame.

Forexample:

750=75

4.Followthestepsbelowwhencarryingoutsubtraction.
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Step1:Arrangethenumbersaccordingtotheirplacevalues.

Step2:Subtractorminusfromrighttoleft.

5.Additionistheinverseofsubtraction.

Forexample:

7615=61

6215=47

D)ProblemSolvingInvolvingSubtraction.
WorkedExample

Thereare1244malestudentsinacollege.Ifthenumberfemalestudents

is327lessthanthenumberofmalestudents,howmanyfemalestudents

arethere?

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Numberofmalestudents=1244

Thenumberoffemalestudentsis327less

thanthenumberofmalestudents.

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2.Deviseaplan

Usesubtraction.

3.Carryouttheplan

4.Check

Useadditiontocheck.

MULTIPLICATIONANDDIVISION
OFWHOLENUMBERS
A)Multiplication
1.Multiplicationisaprocessofrepeatedaddition.

2.Changingtheorderofnumbersinmultiplicationdoes

notaffecttheproduct.

Forexample:63=18
36=18

3.Theproductofanynumberand0is0.

Forexample:100=0
010=0

4.Anumbermultipliedby1isthenumberitself.

Forexample:361=36

Workedexample

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Findtheproductof42and426.

Solution

B)ProblemSolvinginvolvingMultiplication
Workedexample

Marrioncansew45handkerchiefsinoneday.

Howmanycanshesewinaweek?

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Numberofhandkerchiefssewninoneday

=45

Find:Totalnumberofhandkerchiefssewn

inaweek.

2.Deviseaplan

Usemultiplication.

3.Carryouttheplan

4.Check

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Multiplyagaintoseeifyougatethesameanswer.

C)DIVISION
1.Divisionisequalgatheringorequalsharing.

2.Whenanumberisdividedby0,itcannotbedefined.

Forexample:

80cannotbedefined.

3.Whenanumberisdividedby1,thequotientisthe

numberitself.

Forexample:

51=5

4.When0isdividedbyanynumber,thequotientis0.

Forexample:

058=0

5.Changingtheorderofnumbersindivisionwillaffect

theanswer.

Forexample:

WorkedExample

(a)Divide1694by14

(b)Findthevalue9254

Solution

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D)ProblemSolvinginvolvingDivision
WorkedExample

160tablearearrangedequallyin10rows.

Howmanytablearethereineachrow?

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

160tablearearrangedequallyin10rows.

2.Deviseaplan

Usedivision.

3.Carryouttheplan

Therefore,thereare16tableinarow.

4.Check

Checkbymultiplication.

10x16=160

COMBINEDOPERATIONSOF
WHOLENUMBERS
A)CombinedOperationsinvolving

AdditionandSubtraction
Forcombinedoperationsinvolvingadditionandsubtraction,

calculatefromlefttoright.

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WorkedExample

Findthevalueofeachofthefollowing.

(a)22+1824

(b)230165+8

Solution

B)ProblemSolvinginvolving

AdditionandSubtraction
WorkedExample

Abasketcontains32fruits.11aretakenoutandthen21

areaddedin.Howmanyfruitsarethereinthebasketnow?

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

Numberoffruitsinthebasket=32

Numberoffruitstakenout=11

Numberoffruitsaddedin=21

2.Deviseaplan

Performsubtractionfollowedbyaddition.

3.Carryouttheplan

3211+21

=21+21

=42

Therefore,42fruitsareinthebasketnow.

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4.Check

C)CombinedOperationsinvolving
MultiplicationandDivision

Forcombinedoperationsinvolvingmultiplication

anddivision,calculatealsofromlefttoright.

WorkedExample

Findthevalueofeachofthefollowing.

(a)18x73

(b)6008x5

Solution

D)ProblemSolvinginvolving
MultiplicationandDivision

WorkedExample

Sasha,HanimandAkmabought20novels

costingRM16each.Theysharedthecost

equally.Findtheamountpaidbyeachofthem.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

NumberofnovelsboughtbySasha,Hanim

andAkma=20

Costofeachnovels=RM16

Find:Amountpaidbyeachofthem
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2.Deviseaplan

Performmultiplicationfollowedbydivision.

3.Carryouttheplan

21xRM163

=RM3363

=RM112

Theamountpaidbyeachofthemwas

RM112.

4.Check

21xRM16=336

3xRM112=336

E)CombinedOperationinvolving+,,xand

Forcombinedoperationswhereaddition,subtraction,

multiplication,anddivisionareinvolved,performmultiplication

anddivitionbeforeadditionandsubtraction.

WorkedExample

Simplify

(a)7x4010x11

(b)48+32x2462

Solution

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F)CombinedOperationsinvolvingBrackets

1.Forcombinedoperationsinvolvingbrackets,

workthecalculationwithinthebracketsfirst.

WorkedExample

1.Solveeachofthefollowing.

(a)6x(62)(96)

(b)20x(2+284)95

Solution

(a)6(62)(82)

=6x46

=246

=4

(b)20x(2+284)95

=20x(2+7)95

=20x995

=18095

=85

2.Bracketsarealsooperativesymbolformultiplication.

Forexample:

(83)(95)10
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=(5)(4)10

=2010

=10

G)ProblemSolvinginvolving+,,x,andBrackets

WorkedExample

AzanandAmirhave7and15bottlesofmarble.

Ifeachbottlehas55marbleinit,Findthetotal

numberofmarbles.

Solution

1.Understandtheproblem

Giveninformation:

NumberofbottlesboughtbyAzan=7

NumberofbottlesboughtbyAmir=15

Numberofmarblesineachbottles=55

Find:Totalnumberofmarbles

2.Deviseaplan

Performadditionwithinthebracketsandfollowed

bymultiplication.

3.Carryouttheplan

(7+15)x55=22x55

=1210

Therefore,thetotalnumberofmarblesis1210.

4.Check

2215=7

121055=22

WorkedExample

MrLeebought8Dozensexercisebooks.Hegive

26ofthemtohisdaughter.Hethendistributedthe

restevenlytohis3sons.Howmanyexercisebooks

weregiventoeachofhissons?

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Solution

(8x1221)3

=(9621)3

=753

=25

25exercisebooksweregiventoeachofhissons.

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