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Corrosion Science
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Article history: The inhibitive action of mangrove tannins, extracted from mangrove barks and phosphoric acid, on pre-
Received 2 January 2007 rusted steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution was evaluated and the inhibitive efciency was compared with that of
Accepted 11 February 2008 mimosa tannins. From the electrochemical studies, the inhibition efciency of solutions containing
Available online 7 March 2008
3.0 g L1 tannins depended upon the concentration of phosphoric acid added and the pH of the solution.
At pH 0.5 and pH 2.0, inhibition was greatest with mangrove and mimosa tannins alone, while at pH 5.5
the addition of phosphoric acid alone gave the highest inhibition.
Keywords:
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
I. Inhibition efciency
P. Plant extracts
P. Phosphoric acid
T. Tannins
0010-938X,/$ - see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.02.013
A.A. Rahim et al. / Corrosion Science 50 (2008) 15461550 1547
pared with that of mimosa tannins. Solution composition Percentage inhibition (0.5%)
pH 0.5 pH 2.0 pH 5.5
2. Experimental details Mangrove tannins 77.3 57.6 38.7
Mangrove tannins + 15% H3PO4 79.0 30.7 33.1
2.1. Tannin isolation Mangrove tannins + 30% H3PO4 56.4 24.5 73.1
Mangrove tannins + 50% H3PO4 59.2 26.8 54.4
Mimosa tannins 77.4 24.1 0.0
Mangrove bark samples from 15 year old trees were obtained
Mimosa tannins + 15% H3PO4 64.3 12.7 10.4
from the Matang Forest, Malaysia. The barks were dried and grin- Mimosa tannins + 30% H3PO4 50.5 0.0 60.3
ded to 250 mesh followed by further drying until a constant Mimosa tannins + 50% H3PO4 58.5 0.0 20.4
weight was obtained. Tannins from mangrove barks were ex- 15% H3PO4 0.0 18.2 66.9
* *
30% H3PO4 90.1
tracted using 70% acetone as described elsewhere [14]. Commer- * *
50% H3PO4 52.6
cial mimosa tannin powder from bark extracts were obtained
*
from SILVACHIMICA, Italy and was used without further Denotes negative percentage inhibition.
purication.
The standard solution consisted of 3.5% (w/v) NaCl and the test
150
solutions contained 3.0 g L1 mangrove tannins, 3.0 g L1 mimosa
tannins and 15% (w/v), 30% (w/v) and 50% (w/v) phosphoric acid.
In addition, 15% (w/v), 30% (w/v) and 50% (w/v) phosphoric acid 100
were added to the 3 g L1 tannin solutions. All solutions were pre-
pared in 3.5% (w/v) NaCl solution. The pH of the solution was ad- 50
justed to pH 0.5, 2.0 and 5.5 using 2 M H2SO4 and 3 M NaOH
solutions. All chemicals were AR grade.
0
0 5 10 15 20
2.3. Surface analysis
t /hr
Pre-rusted coupons (2.5 cm 3.5 cm) that had been prepared Fig. 3. Variation of polarisation resistance, Rp with time of immersion containing
by subjecting them to a salt spray chamber according to the ASTM 15%, 30% and 50% phosphoric acid in 3.5% NaCl solution at pH 2.0.
1548 A.A. Rahim et al. / Corrosion Science 50 (2008) 15461550
Fig. 6. XRD pattern of bare rust surface immersed in 0.5% (w/v) mangrove tannins and 15% (w/v) phosphoric acid solutions: L lepidocrocite, M magnetite, V vivianite.
A.A. Rahim et al. / Corrosion Science 50 (2008) 15461550 1549
4. Discussion
of ferric phosphates was found to be dependent on the aggressive- tration of phosphoric acid and the pH of solution. At pH 0.5 and pH
ness of the solution used [26]. It has also been shown that different 2.0, inhibition was best with mangrove tannins alone. At pH 5.5,
phases of phosphates are formed depending on the surface condi- the inhibition efciency increased when the phosphoric acid was
tions, exposure time and concentrations of phosphoric acid. Solu- added to the mangrove tannins. In fact the use of phosphoric acid
tions containing 15 and 33% phosphoric acid seem to lead to the alone is favoured at this pH.
formation of vivianite on rust layers rich in lepidocrocite between
1 and 10 months exposure at natural atmosphere and after 24 References
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