Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PROBLEMS*
FIGURE P43
one location in the flow (Fig. P410C). Is this a Lagrangian airplane flies, the probe measures relative wind speed. Is this
or an Eulerian measurement? Explain. a Lagrangian or an Eulerian measurement? Explain.
411C A tiny neutrally buoyant electronic pressure probe is 416C Is the Eulerian method of fluid flow analysis more
released into the inlet pipe of a water pump and transmits 2000 similar to study of a system or a control volume? Explain.
pressure readings per second as it passes through the pump. Is 417 Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional
this a Lagrangian or an Eulerian measurement? Explain. flow through a converging duct (Fig. P417). A simple
412C Define a steady flow field in the Eulerian reference approximate velocity field for this flow is
frame. In such a steady flow, is it possible for a fluid particle ! ! !
to experience a nonzero acceleration? V 5 (u, v) 5 (U0 1 bx) i 2 by j
413C List at least three other names for the material deriv-
where U0 is the horizontal speed at x 5 0. Note that this
ative, and write a brief explanation about why each name is
equation ignores viscous effects along the walls but is a rea-
appropriate.
sonable approximation throughout the majority of the flow
414C A weather balloon is launched into the atmosphere field. Calculate the material acceleration for fluid particles
by meteorologists. When the balloon reaches an altitude where passing through this duct. Give your answer in two ways:
it is neutrally buoyant, it transmits information about weather (1)as acceleration components ax and ay and (2) as accelera-
conditions to monitoring stations on the ground (Fig. P414C). tion vector a .
Is this a Lagrangian or an Eulerian measurement? Explain.
Helium-filled
weather balloon
y
x
U0
Transmitting
instrumentation
V7
FIGURE P417
FIGURE P414C
415C A Pitot-static probe can often be seen protrud- 418 Converging duct flow is modeled by the steady,
ing from the underside of an airplane (Fig. P415C). As the two-dimensional velocity field of Prob. 417. The pressure
field is given by
r
P 5 P0 2 c 2U0 bx 1 b2(x 2 1 y 2)d
J
2
Dexit
Dentrance
1! u(x) uexit
uentrance
t
x=0 x=L I
FIGURE P422