UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

What makes Business an alternative way of the most resulting to

Underemployment?

Researchers:

Rica Catangui

Kevin Salvadora

Cristine Mae Fraginal

Zairah Shane Barcela

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION

The choice of the profession or an occupation is one of the very important decisions

that one has to make during his lifetime, considering the fact that one spends a great

deal of his lifetime. It is essential to ones personal happiness and success. Others,

enroll in the post graduate to follow the footsteps of successful relatives and the

pathways of progressive men and women in the community. It may not guarantee

happiness but it may help achieve what one wants.

Have you been wandering all the time especially on centro? You probably go to big

shopping store such LCC when you have money to meet some of your high demands.

Most of the time affordable products can be met on small businesses people built on the

side not just the personal care products you are needing for but our everyday needs

namely food and clean detergents these needs or wants can be bought at cheap price

are mostly on sari-sari store, karenderya, tiangge which are considered as small

business run over by self-employed workers.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

This research aims to present what makes business an alternative or choices of the

most resulting to underemployment particularly not referring to the big company rather

small alternate profitable work for unemployed or jobless people. Underemployment

involves people who are into work not related to their skills or career that they just

finished on college degree. It is now mostly present to countries with less job to offer

including our country, the Philippines, resulting to bar down of economic rate. It is part of

peoples way of thinking when it comes to decision making having an alternative work

before to continue the career and future responsibility they are dreaming of but for those

unemployed persons who didnt finish their study and not into work they prefer selling,

having business which turns out to be their permanent work and source of income at the

same time than working on with others such to an offered job.

Out of the graduate students no doubt that some arent able to work using the

course they just finished but rather being an employee to a branch of a small company.

To sharply observe small business are scattered on Centro and they are still growing.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.) How business will help underemployed workers to meet their demands?

2.) What are the possible kind of business that underemployed can build?

3.) In what way an underemployed worker can turn small business to a complex
business as an alternative source of income?

4.) How does underemployed workers able to cope the challenges when it comes
to their own business?

5.) To what particular person of unemployed workers are engaged to business?

ASSUMPTIONS:

This study was anchored on the following assumptions:

1. The respondents varied profile as for being self-employed worker of the

respondents

2. The business performance of the respondents was determined

3. The attitude of the respondents toward business

4. Problems encountered by the respondents toward their business and ways to

cope.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers believe that this study will become a valuable reservoir of

information with regards of underemployment in the field of business.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

This research could also serve as a mirror on the societys problem regarding the

ways of jobless people having small business as an alternative source of income

resulting to one reasons of low economic rate.

The following are part of the society that can benefit by this this study:

STUDENTS: This research study will help students in dealing with their interests and

course

SELF-EMPLOYED WORKER: This research study will help self-employed workers

be determined of their expertise.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS: This study was also prepared for future researchers in

making another strategies if not making the undergraduate and self-employed

workers be determined of their expertise rather to strengthen them of being engaged

on business

RESEARCHERS THEMSELVES:

This study about Business being run over by the self-employed workers resulting

to underemployment is used by the students of Grade 11 from University of Saint

Anthony for the undergraduate and self-employed workers. Data was gathered

through researchers-made questionnaire and interviews conducted given to people

who run over small businesses at centro of Iriga. Questions content are merely

personal such their academic background regarding the course finished.

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT
1. PROFILE OF THE Analysis Of the Profile
RESPONDENTS of Respondents in Implication
a. Personal terms of personal,
b. Academic
c. Employment
academic and of the study
2. JOB STABILITY OF employment
THE The analysis of the job
RESPOPNDENTS stability of the
IN TERMS OF; respondents in terms
a. Employment
of: employment status,
status
b. Salaries salaries, job
c. Job performance performance
3. SIGNIFICANT
The analysis of the
RELATIONSHIP
significant relationship
EXIST BETWEEN
between profile and job
THE PROFIKE AND
JOB STABILITY stability
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

The conceptual framework presented above serves as the research guide for the

study. The researcher uses Input-Process-Output system.

Input. The input of this study includes the job stability of the respondents in

terms of: (a) employment status, (b) salaries and (c) job performance. It also

include the significant relationship that exist between personal profile and job

stability
Process. It includes the analysis of the profile of respondents in terms of

personal, employment and job stability under employment status, salaries and

job performance and the analysis of relationship that exist between the profile

and job stability.

Output. The result of this study determines its implication to the undergraduates,

graduates being self-employed on Iriga. The output is sent back to the input and

process as indicated by the feedback loop arrow. If the feedback loop indicates

needed changes then the system need to be adjusted for improvement.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

This chapter presents the related literature and studies that substantiated the

research inputs. All these provided the researcher with an extensive range of ideas and

insights that are relevant to the present taking.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

English majors might traditionally get a bad rap for job prospects, but it's the business

majors who are having a hard time finding work in their field of choice.

According to PayScale's "Underemployment In America" report released on Tuesday,

graduates who studied business management and administration were 8.2 times more

likely to be underemployed compared to their classmates.

This ratio of underemployment is almost twice as high as for English majors, who were

4.6 times more likely to be underemployed than their peers.

"Underemployment" rates measure the number of workers who are highly skilled, but in

low-paying jobs and not utilizing their expertise and experience, or who are working

part-time jobs but would prefer to be in a full-time position.

"The problem with business majors is that it's so common," Katie Bardaro, lead

economist at PayScale, tells us. "There's so many of them and not enough jobs to go

around."
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Without an MBA, undergraduate business majors have it pretty tough, says PayScale's

report, which identified the 10 most underemployed undergraduate majors based on an

analysis of 40 million career profiles on its site.

Other majors with high levels of underemployment were criminal justice (6.9

times more likely to be underemployed), drama and theater arts majors (6.9

times), anthropology (5.8 times), liberal arts (5.6 times), history (5.5 times), and

psychology (5 times), according to PayScale.

Of the different types of schools PayScale looked at, business schools also had the

highest relative ratio of underemployment (1.17 times the national average), whereas

engineering schools had the lowest (0.36 times the national average).

What does this mean for the bigger economy?

"Underemployment can have lasting effects on local economies," PayScale's report

said. "As fewer people are able to find the jobs that match their qualifications or desired

hours, less money cycles through the economy, and businesses continue to hold back

on hiring. It is a compounding cycle that can mean real trouble for the metros on our

list."
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

In short, education can help you better your skills and develop valuable relationships

with others, but it's up to individuals to think like innovators and disruptors and identify

trends that will set them apart in our rapidly evolving global workforce.

LOCAL LITERATURE

In 2013, the annual employment rate was estimated at 92.7 percent and the annual

unemployment rate, at 7.3 percent. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate was 19.8

percent. These annualized rates are based on the results of the quarterly Labor Force

Survey (LFS) conducted in 2013, that is, in January, April and July of year 2013.

The total employed persons reached approximately 38.0 million in 2013 (Table 1).

Employed persons are grouped into three major sectors, namely, agriculture, industry

and services sector. Workers in the services sector comprised the largest proportion of

the population who are employed, making up 53.4 percent of the total employed. Those

engaged in the wholesale and retail trade or in the repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles accounted for 34.8 percent of the total employed in this sector or 18.6

percent of the total employed. Workers in the agriculture sector comprised the second

largest group (30.9%), followed by workers in the industry sector (15.7%).

Occupation-wise, the laborers remain the largest group making up 32.6 percent of the

total employed. Officials of the Government and special-interest organizations,

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Corporation executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors (16.2% of the

total employed) comprised the second largest occupation group, followed by farmers,

forestry workers and fishermen (13.0%), and service workers and shop/market sales

workers (12.3%). Employed persons fall into any of these classes of workers: wage and

salary workers, self-employed workers without any paid employee, employers in own

family-operated farm or business, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers

comprised 58.6 percent of the total employed persons, numbering approximately 22.3

million. Among the wage and salary workers, the workers in private establishments

accounted for the largest percentage (45.0%), followed by workers in government and

government-controlled corporations (8.0%), workers in private households (5.2%) and

workers with pay in own family-operated farms or businesses (0.4%). Self-employed

workers without any paid employee accounted for 27.9 percent of the total employed,

whereas the unpaid family workers, 10.1 percent.

Employed persons are classified as either full-time workers or part-time workers.

Full-time workers are those who work for 40 hours or more in a week, while part-time

workers work for less than 40 hours. Approximately 24.5 million persons or 64.5

percent of the total employed persons worked for 40 hours or longer in a week. Those

who worked for less than 40 hours were estimated at 13.1 million or 34.4 percent of the

total employed persons. The underemployed persons or those employed persons who

express the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have

additional job, or to
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

have a new job with longer working hours numbered approximately 7.5 million, resulting

in an underemployment rate of 19.8 percent (Tables 2 and 4).

The unemployment rate in 2013 was estimated at 7.3 percent, which translates to a

number of unemployed which is approximately 3.0 million. Of this number, 62.1 percent

were males. The largest number of the unemployed were in the age group 15 to 24

years (48.8%), followed by the age group 25 to 34 years (30.0%). By educational

attainment, one-fifth (20.0%) of the unemployed were college graduates, 13.8 percent

were college undergraduates, and 32.7 percent were high school graduates.

(Sgd.) CARMELITA N. ERICTA

Administrator
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Philippines 2013

Population 15 years and over (in '000) 64,093

Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 63.9

Employment Rate (%) 92.7

Unemployment Rate (%) 7.3

Underemployment Rate (%) 19.8

Note: These annual estimates were derived by taking the average of the
estimates of the three quarter-rounds (January, April and July) of 2013 LFS.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2013 Labor Force Surveys (LFS)
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter is a discussion of the procedure used in this study, respondents, the

tools for data gathering, and statistical treatment of collecting data

Methods Used

The descriptive-correlational method was used mainly in this study

employing questionnaire and interview for gathering data. Documentary analysis and

survey were also used. The descriptive method was used for according to Calmorin, et

al., this technique tells what exists or what is about a certain educational phenomenon.

It involves collection of data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions

concerning the current status of the subject study.

The correlational technique was used since this technique has been

designed to determine the extent to which different variables are related to each other in

the population of interest (Parkasa).

Respondents

The respondents of the study were self-employed workers including the

undergraduates who have been into business as their profitable work, the

underemployed workers.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

The researchers then, has worked on with the data provided by the specified

respondents and their educational background such course they just finished and their

present work theyve been working on.

Data Gathering Tools

The main tool used in this study is the questionnaire. The questionnaire was

designed to come up with the personal, academic and employment profile.

To supplement the data needed, documentary analysis was also employed. To

gather sufficient information and to further validate the survey, the researcher made a

thorough but informal interview among the respondents.

Questionnaire

The questionnaire is a written instrument that contains series of questions or

items to collect information and provided answers on the queries about the research

study.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Dear Respondents,

We, the researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled Reasons
Why Some Senior High School Students of University of Saint Anthony choose
ABM Instead of Other Strands.
Regarding this we would like to ask for your cooperation and approach as one of
our respondents. Please answer the questionnaire honestly. Rest assure your answer
would be regarded as strictly confidential. Thank you and God Bless!
-The Researchers

Name: ______________________________________________________________________
Gender: Male ____ Female _____ Age: _________________
Section:_____________________________________________________________________

Directions: Put a check(/) on your preferred answer.

5- Strongly Agree 4- Moderately Agree 3- Agree 2- Fair 1- Disagree

5 4 3 2 1
1 Are you satisfied with your
chosen strand, ABM?

3 Underemployed workers usually

find sari-sari store as an
alternative job.
4 Do you meet your needs and
demands for your family by
means of your business career
today?
5 Is It possible that your
knowledge about the career you
finished are enough to handle
any business related matters?
6 Course related work is much
better than being self-employed.

7 Are you satisfied of being self-

employed than working to
others?
DIRECTION: Encircle the letter which corresponds to your personal information being asked for.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

1 How much income do you earn monthly in your business?

a Below Php 1000
b Php 1500-Php 5000
c Php 5500-Php 10000
d Php 10000 and above
2 What factors you are considering in setting up a business?
a Location, Capital and Entrepreneurial skils
b Products, labor and quality
c Demand, population and unique style
3 How will you rate your business on how its been innovated compared from the year
youve started to run it over?
a Below 30%
b 30-40%
c 50%
d 70% and above
4 What factors that affect the development of your business?
a Prices of the products
b Customers
c Competition

SUGESTION:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 3

FINDINGS
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 5
RECOMMENDATION
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 6
REFERENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga

Chapter 7
APPENDIX