Study Guidelines for Set Theory Formulas

Ordered Pitch Interval ip<x,y>= y-x expressed as: ip<n>

Unordered Pitch Interval ip(x,y)= |y-x| expressed as: ip(n)

Pitch Equivalence Class If x,y are pitches, x and y have same pitch
equivalence and n=any positive integer
IFF x=12n + y

Ordered Pitch Class Interval i<x,y>= y-x (mod 12) expressed as: i<n>

Unordered Pitch Class Interval i(x,y)= the smaller of (a-b) or (b-a)

expressed as: i(n) (mod 12)

Normal Form *most compacting of intervals, regardless of order

-could be thought of as rotation of set with smallest outside interval
expressed as: {a,b,c...}
PROCEDURE:
1.set up rotational array
2. compare first element to last using modulo 12
3. choose rotation with least outer difference
4. if tie exists, choose rotation most closely packed to the left
5. if tied again, choose rotation with smallest pc number at left

Pitch Transposition (mapping) For pitch x and interval n,

T =x+n expressed as: T(n)

Pitch Class Transposition For any pc x and any pc interval n,

Tn(x)= x+n (mod 12)

Inverse Inverse of Tn= T(-n)

Inverse of T =T(-n)p

Tn-type 1.Convert pitches to pc numbers

2. List in ascending numerical order
3. Generate rotational array
4. Choose rotation with the least outer difference (normal order)
5. Transpose to 0: expressed as: (0,2,4,7)Tn

Tn/TnI-Type 1.Determine Tn-type ie: (0,3,4,6)Tn

2.Retrograde order of Tn-type set ie: (6,4,3,0)
3. transpose retrograde form to 0 as compared to first element
i.e.: 6,4,3,0= 0,2,3,6
4. If retrograded/transposed form is more closely packed to the
left than the Tn type, then this new form will be the
Tn/TnI form
5. If new form is NOT more closely packed to the left, then
the Tn form also serves as the Tn/TnI form--expressed as
[0,2,3,6]Tn/TnI

Prime form Tn or Tn/TnI form which is more closely packed to the left
*cannot be reduced further

Transpositional Equivalence two sets related by Tn and Tn/TnI type

i.e.: (0,3,4,6)Tn can be Inverted to [0,2,4,6]Tn/TnI