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Quotient of Powers For all integers m and n and any nonzero number a, = .
Power of a Quotient For any integer m and any real numbers a and b, b 0, ( ) = .
Example1: Simplify . Assume that no
Example 2: Simplify ( ) . Assume that no
denominator equals zero. denominator equals zero.
4 7 4 7 3 3
= ( ) (2 ) Group powers with the same base. 2 3 5 (2 3 5 )
2 ( ) = Power of a Quotient
32 (32 )3
41 72
= ( )( ) Quotient of Powers 3 3
23 ( 3) (5)
=ab 3 5
Simplify. = 2) 3
Power of a Product
(3)3 (
The quotient is 3 5 8 9 15
= Power of a Power
276
89 9
= Quotient of Powers
27
8 9 9
The quotient is .
27
Exercises
Simplify each expression. Assume that no denominator equals zero.
55 5 4 2y7
1. 2. 3.
52 2 14y5
3 3
6 22 44 4
4. 5. ( ) 6. ( )
4 32 2
11
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ____________________________ PERIOD _____________
1 1
Negative Exponent Property For any nonzero number a and any integer n, = n and = .
The simplified form of an expression containing negative exponents must contain only positive exponents.
Example: Simplify . Assume that no denominator equals zero.
4 3 6 4 3 6 1
162 6 5
= (16) ( 2 ) (6 ) ( 5 ) Group powers with the same base.
1
= 4 (3 2 )( 6 6)( 5 ) Quotient of Powers and Negative Exponent Properties
1
= 4 5 0 5 Simplify.
1 1
= ( 5 )(1) 5 Negative Exponent and Zero Exponent Properties
4
5
= Simplify.
45
5
The solution is 45.
Exercises
Simplify each expression. Assume that no denominator equals zero.
0
22 4 ( 1 )
1. 23 2. 5 3. 4 1 2
2
40 (61 ) 3 3
4. 2
5. (2 )4
6. (2 3 )1
12