Geological Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering

Environmental Ethics & Laws

Doni Prakasa Eka Putra

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Philosophical Issue
Who or what has
moral standing, and
why?
Does the environment
have moral standing?
Must look at criteria for
moral standing
What moral duty do
we (moral agents)
have toward those
with moral standing?
Different ethical positions
suggest different moral
Yosemite National Park duties.

http://listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/yosemite-falls-na-park-ca.jpg
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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ideas on Criteria for Moral Standing

Membership in the
species Homo
sapiens
Humans have a soul
Humans are moral
agents
and are responsible for
knowing right from wrong
Humans are intelligent
Humans have
personhood
and self-consciousness
http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_06_img0297.jpg
Humans have
language 3
 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ideas on Criteria for Moral Standing

Sentience: the
ability to feel pain
Therefore extend
moral standing to
animals

http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41091000/jpg/_41091412_gorilla_ap_4
16.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ideas on Criteria for Moral Standing

Being alive
Therefore extend
moral standing to
animals and plants:
All living things.

http://www.aradise.com/photographs-autumn-fall/apple_tree_close.JPG

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ideas on Criteria for Moral Standing

Being part of nature

Therefore extend
moral standing to
the
earth
ecosystems
rocks
rivers
plants animals
Grand Canyon the entire natural
world
http://www.ohranger.com/files/imagecache/parkphoto_lightbox/files/parkphotos/GRC
A_GrandCanyonHDR.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ethical Positions
Anthropocentrism:
Human centered morality
Only humans have moral
standing
intrinsic value
The rest of the natural
world has use to humans
instrumental value

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Three Philosophical Approaches to

Environmental Ethics

Anthropocentrism
Biocentrism
Ecocentrism

Other Philosophical Approaches

Social Ecology
Deep Ecology
Environmental Pragmatism

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Anthropocentrism
Powerful argument for
protecting nature:
Save nature to benefit
humans (humans depend
on nature)
Ex: Ducks Unlimited
preserves wetlands
Ex: Saving the rainforests
will provide O2 and medicines
for humans.
Problem: Would you
blow up the world if you
were the last human?
http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/CFJ/7081~Rain-Forest-
Posters.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ethical Positions
Biocentric
Individualism: Life-
centered morality
All living beings (individual
organisms) have intrinsic value
and moral standing.
Not species or ecosystems
Humans are not superior to other
life forms nor privileged
must respect the inherent worth
of every organism
Humans should minimize harm
Endangered Tiger
and interference with nature
eat vegetarian since less land
needs to be cultivated.
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0310226/graphics/endangered.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Moral Positions
Eco-centric Holism:
ecosystem centered
morality
The earth as an interconnected
ecosystem (species, natural
processes) has moral standing and
intrinsic value
deserving of respect.
Individuals must be concerned
about the whole community of
life/nature
Humans should strive to preserve
ecological balance and stability.

http://www.eps.mcgill.ca/Images/earth_for_ESS.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Deep Ecology

Humans are deeply

connected with
nature
If humans identify with
nature
then taking care of the
natural world will become
part of taking care of
one's self.

http://www.geocities.com/eco-
action/pics/siritharn_waterfall_sm.jpg

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Ethics and Laws

Ideally, the law of a particular nation or

community should match the ethical
commitments of those living there

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Environmental Laws : Indonesia

Undang Undang No. 23 Tahun 1997,
Lingkungan Hidup Jo. UU No.32/2009

Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan LH adalah kesatuan

ruang dengan semua benda, daya, keadaan, dan
makhluk hidup, termasuk manusia dan perilakunya, yang
mempengaruhi kelangsungan perikehidupan dan
kesejahteraan manusia serta makhluk hidup lain.

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 Geological Engineering Department
ISU-ISU STRATEGIS LH Faculty of Engineering
Perubahan
Iklim
Perubahan Iklim
Pembakaran bahan bakar fosil
menghasilkan emisi CO2 dan gas rumah
kaca; Ketahanan Ketahanan
Akibatnya: kenaikan suhu bumi, Pangan Membangun Energi
permukaan laut dan terjadinya perubahan keunggulan
iklim; daya saing dan
Ketahanan Energi pemerataan
Kebijakan subsidi BBM mengganggu pembangunan
struktur harga sehingga energi
terbarukan tidak bersaing
Ketergantungan terhadap fossil fuel Air Pencapaian

Substitusi oleh BBN membutuhkan lahan.

Ketahanan Pangan
Produksi pangan belum dapat memenuhi
permintaan pangan DN
Penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas
lahan;
Aksesibilitas masyarakat thd pangan
rendah
Daya beli rendah
Volatilitas harga pangan yang tinggi
Pola konsumsi pangan belum sesuai
dengan Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH)
Air
Defisit air di beberapa pulau
Degradasi kawasan tangkapan
air
Pencapaian
Komitmen untuk mengurangi
kemiskinan, memastikan
keberlanjutan lingkungan
biodiversitas (hutan dan laut),
energi, dan sumber daya air 15
 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Environmental Attitudes

The development approach

The preservation approach
The conservation approach

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 Geological Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering

Tugas

Hukum Lingkungan yg berkaitan dengan

- AMDAL
- Eksploitasi Tambang termasuk Batubara
- Eksploitasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi
- Kawasan Karst
- Airtanah

Buat makalah, bahas mengenai kelebihan dan kekurangannya dengan

membandingkan dengan aturan yang berlaku di negara lain

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