Student Name: Amany Hamza

Date: Student number: 21202244

29th November 2013 Module Leader: David Mackrory
Module Code: MS70074E
 Enterprise and Innovation Mind Map Narrative

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 2
2. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 2
3. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ENTREPRENEUR...................................................................................................... 3
3.1. PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................... 3
3.2. MALLEABLE COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR ........................................................... 3
4. ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS AND NEW VENTURE START-UP .............................................................................. 4
5. ENTREPRENEURSHIP OUTCOMES.................................................................................................................. 5
6. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................ 5
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................................... 7

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 Enterprise and Innovation Mind Map Narrative

1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

This report presents a thumbnail sketch of how the entrepreneurships mind map was
produced. In this respect, it provides an explanation of the links between the various concepts
and ideas which are in the designed mind map. Drawing from this context, this report depicts
how the mind map is set out to capture the interrelations between its constituents to create a
successful model for a new business venture.
The conclusion highlights the vital importance of entrepreneurship that is fuelled by a
widespread recognition for its crucial economic and social roles. Consequently, the world is
demanding more entrepreneurs to cultivate innovation and drive change.

2. INTRODUCTION

Figure 1 Entrepreneurship (Source: Adapted from Google Images)

Society appears to be fascinated by entrepreneurs who are viewed as heroic figures. They are
commonly seen as the self-starting individuals who create societys wealth and foster economic
growth. Today, people such as Richard Branson, Anita Roddick and Chris Evans are world-
renowned for their entrepreneurial prowess and revered as role models that have changed the
lives of a myriad of people and the world! What is, then, behind that surge of
entrepreneurship construct? In essence, the sketched mind map demonstrates the journey of

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entrepreneurships discovery, which encompasses two major globes, in an attempt to answer

this question.
On the one hand, the first globe illustrates the shifts in the economic and social environment or
by new technological advancements (Brem, 2008). On the other hand, the second globe is the
emergence of entrepreneurship from the changes that created from the constant shifts in the
first one.
The Dynamics of Change globe demonstrates the business atmosphere where the twenty-
first century is characterised in terms of a new competitive landscape that encompasses
environmental shifts driven by dynamism which leads to rapid change. These dynamics yield
some significant opportunities to build up designated innovation to exploit the perceived
opportunities and deliver value to consumers.
In this light, these changes embody certain impulses from the market and social structures that
create valuable opportunities, wherein the latter are exploited by innovation. As conceived
from the mind map, these opportunities are the catalyst for the formation of entrepreneurship
creation, which presents the second major globe.

3. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ENTREPRENEUR

3.1. PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

The entrepreneurship consists of other cohesive subsidiaries. In order to develop a truly

entrepreneurial perspective, the entrepreneurs distinctive traits and mindset are
addressed. These are the key attributes that underpin the entrepreneurial behaviour; for
instance, it is the entrepreneurs passion towards the creation and implementation of new
ideas and creative solutions that motives them to build entrepreneurial business venture
and make it profitable. Hence, traits and personality subsidiaries emerge to distinguish
these primary characteristics. These key traits are important for the long-term success of
the new venture.

3.2. MALLEABLE COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR

In the same vein, interactions of the internal venture organisation are tied up to the
entrepreneurial cognitive skills that influence its management decisions, strategic planning
and functions.

Furthermore, the entrepreneurs organisational skills underlie their ability to deal with the
inherent risk and to respond to uncertainty. These responses, which incorporate
proactivity, innovation and decision making, reflect the way in which the venture is
managed; therefore these skills are strongly correlated with the entrepreneurial managerial
behaviour- which is looked after in the New Venture start up sphere in the map.

Thereof, the degree to which the venture acts entrepreneurially in terms of innovativeness,
risk-taking, and leadership acumen is related to a set of distinctive entrepreneurial
behaviour.

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 Enterprise and Innovation Mind Map Narrative

Entrepreneurial demographic is one of the determinants that influence the creation of

entrepreneurial ventures. With regards to age, for instance, there is a commonly held belief
that younger founders tend to start up technical ventures which are associated with waves
of innovation, like Facebook, while older entrepreneurs launch sustainable businesses. The
reality is more complicated. There are older inventors and entrepreneurs, like Dean Kamen
(age 60) or Elon Musk of SpaceX (age 39), who continue to create revolutionary products.
Age is only one factor among other demographic factors to determine the tendency of the
new venture type (Ressi, 2011).

4. ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS AND NEW VENTURE START-UP

The core strength of entrepreneurship involves two interrelated subprocesses of the

entrepreneurial process: The opportunity Recognition and Exploitation (Carter et al, 2012).
Many ventures, including present-day giants such as Apple, Google and PayPal undergo
significant transformations before they find the form that make them successful. The feedback
from the exploitation efforts lead to changes in the venture idea, therefore it underlies a strong
interrelationship between the two subprocesses to meet the customers real needs and
preferences. Notably, the peril of lack of acquiring resources to exploit an opportunity will lead
to the failure of the venture. Notwithstanding, innovation resulting from the effectual
entrepreneurial process is more likely to be concurrently low cost and valuable. Whereby the
entrepreneurial cognitive behaviour the effectual process engenders become new resources
that can be leveraged to co-create the future (Carter et al, 2012).
In this regard, entrepreneurship is seen as a nexus of the individual and the opportunity,
wherein the individual discovers, evaluates and exploits certain opportunities. At the individual
level, thinking about opportunities is related to understanding the aspiring and acting
entrepreneurs. Hence, the entrepreneur lies at the heart of the entrepreneurial process driving
the whole process forward (Wickham, 2006).
The entrepreneurs creativity is the main factor to develop novel and useful ideas in order to
process innovations (Brem, 2008). Hence, the creativity trait is highly correlated with the
opportunity recognition process by coming up with business ideas that can be changed, refined
and elaborated to be converted into an up-and-running business.
Entrepreneurial activity can be marketed effectively by fine-tuning both the marketing mix and
the opportunity identification into a blended integrated marketing program to create
marketable solutions rather than an uninformed invention. This is associated with bottom-up
activities. Hence, innovations are pulled by unsatisfied customers needs to create superior
customer value.
Thereafter, to communicate these new products or services to the defined target consumers,
the entrepreneurial process is linked back to the entrepreneurial marketing efforts - as noted in
the mind map whereby, in effect, some informal methods including networking with relevant
individuals are valuable in informing them of important market and competitive changes
(Carter et al, 2012). In essence, developing the entrepreneurs business network is very
important for making progress in the start-up process.
Furthermore, the entrepreneurship as a process seeks to generate economic value profit, as
well as social value by creating new products or services with beneficial value for many

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people. The perceived values from this process, then, have to fulfil the entrepreneurs
psychological and societal needs to sustain self-motivation.
Consequently, a new venture will take off as the core outcome of the entrepreneurial process,
and an organisation must be created to coordinate the purchasing, marketing, financing and
other activities that are needed in order to serve the market in a legal and profitable form.

5. ENTREPRENEURSHIP OUTCOMES

Entrepreneurs make qualitative differences in the way markets operate. In one respect,
entrepreneurship is regarded as an economic activity which is concerned with building a stable
and profitable business that must survive in a competitive environment. In this regard, valuable
innovations hold the key to entrepreneurial survival in todays rapid change and non-linear
dynamics by helping the entrepreneur to gain and maintain strategic winning edge to stay
ahead of the curve. Furthermore, through the dissemination of knowledge via spillovers from
entrepreneurial activity, opportunities can be turned into economic knowledge and contribute
to economic growth (Carter et al, 2012).
From societal respect, entrepreneurship presents win-win scenarios where its activities operate
with some degree of social responsibility and thereof create societal values.
By innovating, entrepreneurs are responsible for disturbing the existing market equilibrium
(e.g., creative destruction) but by diffusion of innovation they are also responsible for
establishing the new equilibrium (Urban, B. (2012). This then takes us back to the first globe, the
Dynamics of Change, because these shifts in the marketplace attribute to great changes.
Therefore, entrepreneurship outcomes provide a route of dynamic shifts that will result in
more changes in the industrial and social landscapes and thereof more opportunities. Hence, a
vibrant and responsive entrepreneurial process will result into a new market offer and social
change.

6. CONCLUSION

Entrepreneurship has attracted much attention during the last three decades. Its elevation is
not only necessary for a healthy economy but also critical for sustaining prosperity, promoting
innovation and creating new jobs (Karadeniz & zcam, 2010). In general, entrepreneurship is
concerned with identifying the potential for change for the better. After all, this
entrepreneurial venture can be an entrepreneurs way of leaving their mark on the world.
Nonetheless, entrepreneurship embraces new dynamics as means of building a long-term
recovery out of the flagging economy in todays marketplace. Thereof with the immense
creation of new innovation, opportunities thrive for more entrepreneurs to capture and
convert them into marketable solution.
Exploring the entrepreneurial cognitive styles as well as the personality attributes sheds a light
on the qualities of the entrepreneur that occupy a prominent position in their entrepreneurial

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behaviour where they distinguish between them and non-entrepreneurs for example, what
one person sees as a business opportunity, another may see as an intractable problem, even if
they are both in the same situation.
Therefore, uncovering why entrepreneurs have greater propensity for aspiration, creativity and
innovation will provide valuable insight into why some aim to become entrepreneurs while
others do not.
In essence, entrepreneurship involves the application of human creativity, knowledge, skills
and energy to perceive and create new economic opportunities through innovation to produce
something new, useful and better than what currently exists and that creates significant value
not just for the entrepreneur but for the consumers and all stakeholders. Most essentially,
entrepreneurial venture is successful if it meets the aspirations of its stakeholders or, better,
exceed them. In order to do this, it must attract resources, reward its stakeholders for their
contributions and be financially secure. Finally, we have approached the end of our journey
through the mind map, and it is now the potential entrepreneurs own journey to embark on,
where starting and running new ventures is what entrepreneurship is all about.

Figure 3 Entrepreneurship Quotes (Source: Google Images)

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brem, A. (2008) The Boundaries of Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Conceptual Background

and Entrepreneurship, Gabler Verlag
Carter, S. & Jones-Evans, D. (2012) Enterprise and small business, 3rd Edition.
Degeorge, J. & Fayolle, A. (2011) The entrepreneurial process trigger: a modelling attempt in
the French context [Accessed on November 26, 2013]
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1926214&show=html
Hisrich, R., Peters, M. & Shepherd, D. (2006) Entrepreneurship, 6th Edition.
Karadeniz, E. & zcam, A. ( 2010) The Determinants of the growth expectations of The Early-
Stage Entrepreneurs (TEA) using the Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM): The case of Turkey,
Economic and Business; R 62 EVIEW; VOL. 12
Martins, A. (2013) The Entrepreneurial Process to Starting a Business from Scratch [Accessed on
November 28, 2013]] http://www.mytopbusinessideas.com/entrepreneurial-process-starting-
a-business/
Nassif , V. M. J., GhobrilII, A., & Siqueira, N. (2010) Understanding the entrepreneurial process:
a dynamic approach [Accessed on November 26, 2013]
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1807-76922010000200007&script=sci_arttext
Ressi, A. (2011) Is There A Peak Age for Entrepreneurship? [Accessed on November 27, 2013]
http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/28/peak-age-entrepreneurship/
Urban, B. (2012) The Venture Creation Process, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and
Competitiveness: A Focus on Technology Enterprises and research [Accessed on November 26,
2013] http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/79349941/venture-creation-process-
entrepreneurial-self-efficacy-competitiveness-focus-technology-enterprises
Wickham, P. (2006) Strategic Entrepreneurship, 4th Edition.

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